There are two main types of cathodic protection methods: galvanic (or sacrificial) anode systems and

impressed current systems.

1. Galvanic (Sacrificial) Anode Systems:

 Principle: In this method, a more reactive metal, known as a sacrificial anode, is

connected to the metal structure to be protected. The sacrificial anode corrodes instead
of the structure, sacrificing itself to protect the metal.

 Examples: Common sacrificial anode materials include zinc, aluminum, and magnesium.
These anodes are installed in close proximity to the structure and connected electrically.

2. Impressed Current Systems:

 Principle: In impressed current systems, an external DC power source is used to provide

a continuous electric current to the structure. This electric current opposes the natural
corrosion process, making the metal structure the cathode and preventing corrosion.

 Examples: Rectifiers or power supplies are employed to control and supply the
necessary current. An inert anode material, such as mixed metal oxide (MMO) or
platinum-coated titanium, is often used in impressed current systems.

The choice between galvanic and impressed current systems depends on factors such as the size of the
structure, environmental conditions, and the required level of protection. Galvanic systems are simpler
and more suitable for smaller structures, while impressed current systems are often used for larger or
more complex structures.

Additionally, both methods require proper monitoring and maintenance to ensure the effectiveness of
the cathodic protection system over time. Regular inspections, testing, and replacement of sacrificial
anodes or maintenance of impressed current systems are essential to guarantee ongoing protection
against corrosion.