FRANCIS JOHN ANDREW C.
ALCURAN
BSHM 2D3
ACTIVITY 2
TIMELINE FOR TOURISM
HISTORY IN TOURISM INDUSTRY
Tourism in Medieval Period
Tourism in Renaissance and
Elizabethan Eras
Tourism in Industrial Revolution
Modern Tourism
The medieval period, from the 5th to 15th century, significantly influenced the
tourism industry. Religious pilgrimage led to the development of pilgrimage
routes and infrastructure, while castle tourism attracted tourists due to their
historical significance. Trade routes connected different regions, fostering
cultural exchange and interest. Courtly tours between castles and courts of
different rulers facilitated cultural exchanges. Travel literature, written by
travelers like Marco Polo and Geoffrey Chaucer, provided valuable
information about distant lands. Festivals and fairs attracted people from
nearby regions, and inns and taverns provided accommodation and
sustenance. Although tourism during this time was primarily for the elite,
religious pilgrims, and traders, it laid the foundation for the modern tourism
industry.
The Renaissance and Elizabethan eras, spanning the 14th to 17th centuries,
were pivotal in shaping the tourism industry. The Renaissance saw a revival
of interest in classical art, literature, and architecture, leading to a surge in
travel to Italy, particularly cities like Florence, Rome, and Venice. This era
also saw the development of spa towns, where ancient Roman bathing
practices were revived, leading to the emergence of health and wellness
tourism. The Elizabethan era, during Queen Elizabeth I’s reign, was
associated with the golden age of English literature and the opening of
public theaters in London, marking the beginnings of cultural tourism in
theater and entertainment. The voyages of explorers like Sir Walter Raleigh
and Sir Francis Drake also sparked curiosity about distant lands and cultures.
Both eras laid the groundwork for diverse forms of tourism, including
cultural, educational, exploration, and entertainment-based tourism.
The Industrial Revolution, which began in the late 18th century and
continued into the 19th century, significantly impacted the tourism industry.
It led to improved transportation technologies, mass tourism, and the
expansion of resorts and hotels. The proliferation of print media allowed for
the production and distribution of travel guides, which helped travelers plan
their trips more effectively. The Industrial Revolution also facilitated cultural
exchanges, leading to the growth of cities as centers of commerce, industry,
and culture. It also fostered a sense of national identity and pride, allowing
people to explore their own countries and experience different cultures and
landscapes. The development of transportation infrastructure, such as roads,
bridges, and ports, was essential for tourism growth. Leisure time also took
hold as the workweek shortened, boosting the tourism industry. The
Industrial Revolution transformed tourism from an informal activity into a
structured industry, with businesses specializing in travel and hospitality
services emerging.
Modern tourism has significantly impacted the global economy, culture, and
society. It drives economic growth through various channels, creating jobs, and
supporting industries like hospitality, transportation, and agriculture. It also
promotes cultural exchange and understanding, fostering global
interconnectedness. Sustainable tourism practices, such as eco-tourism and
responsible travel, aim to minimize environmental impacts. Technology has
revolutionized the tourism industry, making travel planning more accessible
and convenient. Destinations invest in improving transportation networks,
expanding airports, and upgrading accommodations to cater to the growing
number of tourists. Education and personal growth are also promoted through
educational tourism programs, study abroad opportunities, and cultural
exchanges. However, challenges such as overcrowding and environmental
concerns remain. Therefore, responsible and sustainable tourism practices are
essential to ensure the positive contributions of modern tourism continue to
outweigh its negative impacts.
 TIMELINE FOR HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY

HISTORY IN HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY

Ancient Period The hospitality industry has a rich history, influenced by ancient civilizations. The
establishment of inns and guesthouses by Greeks and Romans laid the foundation for
modern hotels and restaurants, providing travelers with a place to rest, food, and
security. The culture of hospitality in ancient societies, such as the Middle East and
Asia, has transcended time, forming the basis for exceptional customer service.
Culinary traditions from ancient civilizations have evolved into diverse dishes, such as
Indian spices, French cuisine, and Japanese sushi. Ancient architecture, such as Roman
 The medieval period, spanning from the 5th to the 15th century, was a period of
significant social, political, and cultural change in Europe and the world. It significantly
influenced the hospitality industry through the emergence of inns and taverns, the rise
of the guild system, the establishment of grand castles and châteaux, the development
of tavern culture, culinary advancements, and innovations in communication and
record-keeping. The decline of the Roman Empire led to the emergence of private inns,
providing lodging and sustenance for travelers. The guild system, such as the Cooks’
Guild in England, set standards for culinary excellence and professional conduct among
chefs, influencing the modern culinary world. The design and architecture of medieval
castles influenced the layout and aesthetics of modern hotels and event venues. The
Empires:3200 BC to 476 AD medieval
The periodperiod also contributed
of empires from 3200toBC thetodevelopment
476 AD was of culinary techniques
a significant and
time in human
practices, with the use of spices, herbs, and exotic ingredients becoming
history, with powerful empires such as the Egyptian, Greek, Roman, Persian, and more
widespread. The advent
Byzantine Empires of the printing
significantly impactingpressthe
in hospitality
the late medieval period
industry. facilitated
These empires the
spread of recipes, culinary knowledge, and hospitality best practices, enhancing
established inns and guesthouses, which provided travelers with lodging, food, and the
guest experience.
security. The culture of hospitality was deeply ingrained in these empires, with
hospitality being considered a sacred duty. The culinary traditions of these empires,
such as the use of spices and herbs, have influenced global gastronomy. The
architecture and design of these empires also significantly influenced modern
hospitality establishments, with Roman villas and Persian palaces incorporating
elements of these styles into their designs. Spa and wellness practices, such as public
baths, have evolved into modern spa and wellness centers in hotels and resorts. The
expansion of trade and the movement of people across vast territories led to the
development of the precursor to today’s hospitality industry. The concept of
entertainment, deeply rooted in ancient civilizations, has also had a lasting impact on
the hospitality industry. Advancements in communication and record-keeping have
allowed for the efficient operation of modern hospitality establishments.

Medieval Period
 Early Modern Period The early modern period, spanning from the late 15th century to the late 18th century,
was a transformative era that significantly impacted the hospitality industry. It saw the
emergence of the modern hotel, the rise of coffeehouses and teahouses, and the
evolution of culinary traditions. The expansion of trade routes led to the development
of purpose-built inns and hotels, such as the Ritz in London and the Grand Hotel in
Paris. Coffeehouses became hubs for intellectual discourse, business meetings, and
leisurely conversations, while the concept of a café evolved into modern coffee shops
and cafés. The formalization of service standards and etiquette, codified by the French
court, and the dissemination of knowledge through printed materials, such as
cookbooks and guidebooks, further enhanced culinary knowledge and hospitality
practices. These contributions, rooted in the dynamic cultural and social changes of the
time, continue to shape and define the hospitality industry today.

Modern Period The modern period, from the late 18th century to the present day, has significantly
impacted the hospitality industry. Industrialization and urbanization led to increased
mobility and travel, resulting in a higher demand for accommodations and dining
establishments. Standardization and branding emerged, with hotel chains and restaurant
franchises introducing brand standards. Technological advancements, such as the steam
engine, revolutionized transportation and the internet, making the industry more
efficient and customer-centric. Globalization and culinary fusion led to the emergence
of diverse cuisines and flavors. Environmental sustainability has led to eco-friendly
practices in the hospitality industry. Customization and personalization have become
essential, with hotels and restaurants using data analytics to tailor services to individual
preferences. Hospitality education and training have become more specialized, with
trained professionals contributing to the sector’s growth. Food and beverage innovation
has been continuous, with restaurants experimenting with new culinary trends.
Accommodation diversification has expanded, with vacation rentals, boutique hotels,
hostels, and shared lodging platforms like Airbnb.

Twentieth Century The twentieth century was a transformative era in the hospitality industry, marked by
advancements in transportation, technology, branding, entertainment, culinary
innovation, sustainability, changing guest expectations, diversification of
accommodation, education, and regulation. Transportation advancements, such as
automobiles and commercial aviation, made travel more accessible, leading to a surge
in tourism. Technology revolutionized the industry, with computer reservation systems
and online booking platforms enhancing guest experiences. Hotel chains and brands
expanded globally, ensuring consistent service and quality. Resorts and theme parks
gained prominence, offering immersive experiences and a wide range of amenities.
Culinary innovation emerged, with Nouvelle cuisine, molecular gastronomy, and fusion
cuisine emerging as trends. Environmental sustainability gained prominence, leading to
eco-friendly initiatives. Changing guest expectations led to tailored services,
diversification of accommodation options, and the establishment of hospitality
management programs and schools. Compliance with government regulations and
safety standards became a critical aspect of the industry’s operation. The hospitality
industry continues to adapt to evolving societal trends and technological advancements,
providing exceptional experiences for travelers worldwide.
Pioneers in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry

Cesar Ritz
 As a hotelier, Ritz's strength was his ability to understand and satisfy the needs of wealthy
customers and this together with his burning desire to build a hotel empire, led to him pioneering the
foundations of what would become known as luxury hospitality.
Ellsworth Milton Statler
 Statler built his first permanent hotel in 1907, in Buffalo, New York (it being the first major hotel to have a
private bath or shower and running water in every room). Future Statler Hotels constructed by E. M. Statler
were located in Cleveland (1912), Detroit (1915), St. Louis (1917), New York.

Conrad Hilton
 was an American businessman who founded the Hilton Hotels chain. From 1912 to 1916 Hilton was
a Republican representative in the first New Mexico Legislature, but became disillusioned with the "inside
deals" of politics. He purchased his first hotel in 1919 for $40,000, the Mobley Hotel in Cisco, which
capitalized on the oil boom. The rooms were rented out in 8 hour shifts. He continued to buy and sell hotels
and eventually established the world's first international hotel chain. When he died in 1979, he left the bulk
of his estate to the Conrad N. Hilton Foundation.

Thomas Cook
 Thomas Cook, innovator of the conducted tour, organized his first one-day rail trip in 1841 and in 1860s,
with his son, John Mason Cook, created Thomas Cook & Son brand by opening office in London to sell
tickets for domestic and international travel.

Howard Dearing Johnson

 Howard Johnson is widely regarded as one of the first to introduce franchising in the
restaurant industry. Johnson also developed the concept of a uniform system of operations that provided
consistency in the rapid expansion of his ice cream shops, restaurants and lodging properties.

J. Willard Marriot
 Marriott empire began in 1927 with a single A&W root beer stand, located in Washington, D.C. From there,
Marriott's empire grew, gradually but consistently, until by the end of the twentieth century the Marriott
Corporation had become the thirteen.
Ray Kroc
 Kroc’s operating credo of “Quality, Service, Cleanliness and Value” became the mantra for all McDonald’s
owners, establishing a permanent benchmark for the entire foodservice and food-processing industries. His
exacting mandates for uniformity and product consistency made it possible for a customer to get an
identical Big Mac and French fries in Houston or in Moscow. In fact, the Golden Arches are said to be the
second most widely recognized trademark in the world.

Isadore Sharp
 Sharp became interested in architecture and construction at a young age. After graduating from Ryerson
Polytechnical Institute in 1952 with a degree in architecture, Sharp joined his father full time in the family
construction business. After a client asked them to build a motel near the Canadian National Exhibition,
Sharp decided that he wanted to build his own hotel. With the financial investments of his brother-in-law
and friend, the first Four Seasons Hotel began to take shape.

Ruth Fertel
 Ruth Ann Udstad was born into a poor family of Alsatian descent[1] in New Orleans, Louisiana. Her father
was an insurance salesman, and her mother was a kindergarten teacher. In 1932, during the Great
Depression, she and her family relocated to her mother's birthplace, the community of Homeplace in
Plaquemines Parish, which was about 60 miles from New Orleans.