Pimpri Chinchwad Education Trust's

Pimpri Chinchwad College of Engineering & Research, Ravet.

Department of Mechanical Engineering
Refrigeration & Air Conditioning Lab Manual

Exp. No. 02 DOMESTIC REFRIGERATOR TEST RIG

Introduction

This Refrigerator Works on simple Vapour Compression Cycle.

Continuously circulating, evaporating, and condensing a fixed supply of
refrigerant in a closed system accomplish mechanical refrigeration. Evaporating
occurs at a low temperature and low pressure while condensation occurs at a high
temperature and pressure. Thus, it is possible to transfer heat from an area of low
temperature (i. e. refrigerator cabinet) to an area of high temperature (i.e. kitchen)
Beginning the cycle at the evaporator inlet the low pressure liquid expands,
absorbs heat, and evaporates, changing to a low pressure gas at the evaporator
outlet.
The Compressor pumps this gas from the evaporator through the accumulator
increases its pressure, and discharges the high pressure gas to the condenser
accumulator is designed to protect the compressor by preventing slugs of liquid
refrigerant from passing directly into the compressor. An accumulator should be
included on all systems subjected to varying load conditions or frequent
compressor cycling. In the condenser, heat is removed from the gas which then
condenses and becomes a high pressure liquid. In some systems this high-pressure
liquid drains from the condenser into the liquid storage or receiver tank. On other
systems, both the receiver and the liquid line valve are omitted.
A heat exchanger between and the liquid line and the suction line is also an option
item which may or may not be includes in a given system design.
Between the condenser and the evaporator an expansion device is located.
Immediately preceding this device is a liquid line strainer/ drier which prevent
plugging of the valve or tube by retaining scale, dirt and moisture. The flow of
refrigerant into the evaporator is controlled by the pressure differential across the
expansion device or, in the case of a thermal expansion valve, by the degree of
superheat of the suction gas. Thus, the thermal expansion valve shown requires a
sensor bulb located at the evaporator outlet. In any case, the flow of refrigerant
into the evaporator load increase as the evaporator load increases.
As the high pressure liquid refrigerant enters the evaporator it is subjected to a
much lower pressure due to the suction of the compressor and the pressure drop
across the expansion device. Thus the refrigerant tends to expand and evaporate.
In order to evaporate the liquid must absorb heat from the air passing over the
evaporator.
Eventually the desired air temperature is reached and the thermostat or cold
control will break the electrical circuit to the compressor motor and stop the
compressor.As the temperature of the air through the evaporator rises, the
 thermostat or cold control remakes the electrical circuit. The compressor motor
and starts, and the cycle continue.

Abstract
The domestic refrigeration test rig ensures taking test on a set up having domestic
refrigeration its power consumption and exhaust unit is on separate location.Power
consumption unit incorporate compressor and exhaust unit condenser.The evaporator
is having bulb fitted inside which takes care of heat load.The heat load added can be
removed as time passes and EER is to be calculated.

Construction
The domestic refrigerator is having a vertical cabinet. The inside of which is
made-up of PVC material. The outside construction is of CRCA sheet metal duly
powder coated or epoxy coated paint. These two portions are separated by
polyurethane foam insulation.

The compressor ( a hermetically sealed one ) is located at the rear end bottom
portion. The condenser, which is made up of 5 mm dia MS tubes made in zig-zag
pattern. It is a natural convection type condenser. Small wire-like rods ( which are
called “fins”) are fixed to the tubes in order to enhance the heat transfer rate to the
surroundings. At the end of the condenser, there is filter /drier.

Inside the cabinet, at the upper portion, there is location of evaporator. The
evaporator tubes are made up of aluminum through which cold refrigerant
circulates. A suction line accumulator is fixed at the end of evaporator.

A lighting bulb operated by door switch is housed inside the cabinet. An

adjustable thermostat with a defrosting mechanism is placed to control the
temperature inside the refrigerator.

Suitable shelves, racks and compartments are provided inside the cabinet for the
required items to be stored and preserved.

Working
The refrigerator works on vapour compression cycle. The refrigerant vapour is
compressed by means of compressor to a pressure at which temperature obtained
at the end of compression will be more than the atmospheric so that, at this high
temperature, it will reject heat to the atmosphere and will then get condensed. The
condensate is then allowed to pass through a capillary so that the pressure and
temperature are lowered. Capillary tube acts as a throttling device. The low
temperature refrigerant enters the evaporator, where it absorbs heat from the
surrounding space and consequently, the refrigerant evaporates. This saturated or
superheated vapour is sucked by the compressor and the cycle is repeated.
 Along with these major components, there will strainer/ drier and accumulator.
The strainer/drier will absorb residual moisture if at all present in the refrigerant
to avoid freezing in the capillary. The accumulator will not allow the liquid
refrigerant to enter into the compressor.
Defrosting
Frost is collected on the evaporator coil as the temperature of the coil is lower
than the freezing temperature of water. Frost thickness increases due to frequent
door opening. As Frost (ice) is poor conductor of heat, the accumulation of frost
on the coils adversely affects the heat transfer between the cabinet air and the
refrigerant. it increases the running time of refrigerator and hence power
consumption. Therefore regular de-frosting must be done when frost thickness
increases above 6 mm.
In the present case, the manual defrosting is done by pushing the red button,
which stops the compressor on pushing it. When the ice is melted, the compressor
will restart.
Equipments

1. REFRIGERATOR : Sansui/ Videocon/Whirpool/ Gogrej/ Lg Or

Equivalent Make.
2. CAPACITY : 165 to 190 liters.
3. POWER REQUIRED : 220 TO 240 Volts, 50 Hz. Single Phase
4. FREEZER : Ice Trays with Component Shelf
Freezer door rack provided.
5. REFRIGERATOR : Storage Shelves
Shelf Eggs provided
Shelf Bottle provided
Crisper Provided
Shelf Provided
6. PRESSURE GAUGE : One each for the measurement of high &
low pressure.
7. ELECTRIC BULB : 200 Watt for evaporation
8. DIGITAL TEMPERATURE INDICATOR : To Measure the
temperatures
at various Points i. e. Evaporator Inlet &
Outlet Condenser Inlet & Outlet
temperatures of Refrigerant & Evaporator
bath Temperature.
9. HP & LP CUTOUT : Safety device suitable for the low & high
pressure of compressor.
 10. N.R. VALVE : For changing gas.
11. AMMETER : 0 - 15 Amps for compressor
12. VOLTMETER : 230 V, A.C. for compressor
13. FILTER DRYER : 1 No.
14. THERMOSTAT : Safety Device.
15. SWITCHES : For various controls
The refrigerant circuit is mounted on a board. The unit is supported on
frame. Do not operate the changing valve

Set of Experiments

1. To study construction and working of domestic refrigerator.

2. To evaluate cooling capacity of the refrigerator at the ambient temperature.

3. To evaluate the actual co-efficient of performance of the refrigeration system.

4. To evaluate the theoretical co-efficient of performance of the refrigeration system.

Operation Instruction

1. Keep the refrigerator unit on plain surface.

2. Give the stabilized power supply of single phase 230 Volt, 50 Hz.
3. Place the Unit in proper ventilated room.
4. Start the unit; wait for 30 minutes to reach steady state.
5. After the steady state note down the readings as follows :
a. HP Condenser pressure in Kg/cm2. = Kg/cm2
b. LP Evaporator Pressure in Kg/Cm2 = Kg/cm2
0
c. Condenser Inlet Temperature Tci = C
0
d. Condenser Outlet Temperature Tco = C
0
e. Evaporator Inlet Temperature Tci = C
0
f. Evaporator Outlet Temperature Teo = C
0
g. Evaporator Bath Temperature TBath = C
h. Voltmeter Reading Of Compressor V1= Volts
i. Ammeter Reading of Compressor I1 = Amp
j. Voltmeter Reading Of Evaporator V2 = Volts
k. Ammeter Reading of Evaporator I2 = Amp
Calculations
From the high pressure, & low pressure & the temperature draw the
refrigeration cycle on the pressure enthalpy chart. The cycle will be
somewhat as shown :
3 2
1. Compressor Power ( Wact ) =

= V1 x I1 4 1
Pressure
in
Where, kg/cm2

V1 = Voltmeter Reading Of Compressor H

I1 = Ammeter Reading of Compressor Enthalpy in K J / kg

2. Heater Power ( Nact) :

= V2 x I2
Where,
V2 = Voltmeter Reading Of Evaporator
I2 = Ammeter Reading of Evaporator

3. C.O.P ( Act ) :
Power Cosumed By Heater
= Power Consumed By Compressor

Compressor Power Consumed

=
Heater Power Consumed

Nact
=
Wact.

Heo – Hei
4. Theoretical C.O.P =
Hci – Heo

Where,
Heo = Enthalpy of gas at evaporator outlet

Hei = Enthalpy of gas at evaporator inlet

 Hco = Enthalpy of gas at condenser outlet
Above values are obtained for P.H. chart
5. Carnot C.O.P
TL
TH - TL.

Where,
TH = Saturated Temperature of Condenser Pressure in ° K.

TL = Saturated Temperature of Evaporator Pressure in ° K.

6. COP Relative :
Actual C.O.P
Theoretical C.O.P

7. Ton Of Refrigeration (T) :

Refrigeration Effect Produced in K J/Min

=
210

8. Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) :

Compressor Power ( Wact )

=
Tone of Refrigerant

Observation table
S r. HP LP Tci Tco Tei Teo Tbath V1 I1 V2 I2
No oc oc oc oc oc
1. 12.5 0.5 45 42 -10 35 6 224 0.5 215 0.7

HP : Condenser Pressure in Kg/Cm2

L.P. : Evaporator Pressure in Kg/Cm2
Tci : Refrigerant inlet Temp. To Condenser in 0C
Tco : Refrigerant Outlet Temp. from condenser in 0C
Tei : Refrigerant Inlet Temp to Evaporator in 0C
Teo : Refrigerant Outlet Temp from Evaporator in 0C
Tbath : Evaporator Container Temp. in 0C
V1 : Voltmeter Reading of Compressor
I1 : Ammeter Reading of Compressor
V2 : Voltmeter Reading of Evaporator
 I2 : Ammeter Reading of Evaporator
SAMPLE CALCULATION

1. Compressor Power ( Wact ) :

= V1 x I1

= 224 x 0.5

= 112 Watt.

2. Heater Power ( Nact )

= V1 x I1

= 215 x 0.7

= 150.5 Watt.

3. Actual C. O. P. of the System

Refrigeration Effect Produced

=
Actual Work Done

Power Consumed by Heater

=
Power Consumed by Compressor

Nact 150.5
= =
Wact 112.0

= 1.34

4. Carnot C.O.P :
TL
=
TH - TL
Where
TL = Saturated Temp. of Evaporator
Pressure in 0 K

TH = Saturated Temp. of Condenser

 Pressure In 0 K

Where
LP = 0.5 Kg/Cm2

= 0.5 + 1.0133

= 1.5133 Kg/cm2

TL = ( -17 + 273 ) From properties of R-134a

0
= 256 K

HP = 12.5 Kg/Cm2

= 12.5 + 1.0133

= 13.6133 Kg/cm2

TH = ( 51 + 273 ) From Properties of R-134a

0
= 324 K

256
Carnot C. O. P.=
( 324 – 256 )

= 3.76

5. Efficiency of the Plant (  )

Actual C.O.P.
 =
Carnot C.O.P

1.34
= X 100
3.76

= 35.63 %

6. Theoretical C. O. P.
 Heo - Hei
=
Hci - Heo

430 - 398
=
445 - 430

= 2.46

7. Ton of Refrigeration ( T )

Refrigeration Effect Produced in K J/Min

=
210
= N act X 60
210

= 150.5 x 60
210

= 0.043 ton of refrigerant

8. Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) :

Compressor Power ( Wact )

=
Tone of Refrigerant

112 x 10-3
=
0.043

= 2.06 Kwatt/Ton

Conclusion

The actual C.O.P. is less than the theoretical due to the losses at different
points also the temperature are measured at somewhat different positions.
 Precautions

1. Do not operate the charging valve

2. Before switching ON supply see that all the switches on the panel board
are off
3. Proper earthing is provided.
4. In case supply fails while the trial is going on. Off the switches before
switching ON confirm that the H.P. & L.P. pressure gauges show equal
readings. If there is difference of pressure wait till the gauge pressure are
equal.
5. Stabilised supply for the equipment is necessary for better performance &
the life of the compressor

Questions :
1) Write some precautions to be ensured for domestic refrigerator.
2) Which type of compressor is used in domestic refrigeration ? Explain.
 PROPERTIES OF R 134a

Temp Pressure Enthalpy of Enthalpy of

Liquid Vapour
[0C] [bar] [kj/kg] [kj/kg]
-50 0.2945 135.7 367.7
-49 0.3121 136.9 368.3
-48 0.3305 138.2 368.9
-47 0.3498 139.4 369.6
-46 0.37 140.6 370.2
-45 0.3912 141.9 370.8
-44 0.4133 143.1 371.5
-43 0.4364 144.4 372.1
-42 0.4606 145.6 372.7
-41 0.4858 146.9 373.4
-40 0.5121 148.1 374
-39 0.5395 149.4 374.6
-38 0.5682 150.7 375.3
-37 0.598 151.9 375.9
-36 0.6291 153.2 376.5
-35 0.6614 154.4 377.2
-34 0.6951 155.7 377.8
-33 0.7302 157 378.4
-32 0.7666 158.2 379.1
-31 0.8044 159.5 379.7
-30 0.8438 160.8 380.3
-29 0.8846 162.1 380.9
-28 0.927 163.3 381.6
-27 0.971 164.6 382.2
-26 1.017 165.9 382.8
-25 1.064 167.2 383.4
-24 1.113 168.5 384.1
-23 1.164 169.8 384.7
-22 1.216 171.1 385.3
-21 1.271 172.3 385.9
-20 1.327 173.6 386.6
-19 1.386 174.9 387.2
-18 1.446 176.2 387.8
-17 1.508 177.5 388.4
-16 1.573 178.8 389
-15 1.639 180.1 389.6
-14 1.708 181.4 390.2
-13 1.779 182.8 390.8
-12 1.852 184.1 391.5
-11 1.928 185.4 392.1
-10 2.006 186.7 392.7
-9 2.086 188 393.3
-8 2.169 189.3 393.9

Temp Pressure Enthalpy of Enthalpy of

Liquid Vapour
-7 2.255 190.7 394.5
-6 2.343 192 395.1
-5 2.433 193.3 395.7
-4 2.527 194.6 396.3
-3 2.623 196 396.8
-2 2.722 197.3 397.4
-1 2.823 198.7 398
0 2.928 200 398.6
1 3.036 201.3 399.2
2 3.146 202.7 399.8
3 3.26 204 400.3
4 3.377 204.4 400.9
5 3.497 206.8 401.5
6 3.62 208.1 402.1
7 3.746 209.5 402.6
8 3.876 210.8 403.2
9 4.009 212.2 403.8
10 4.146 213.6 404.3
11 4.26 215 404.9
12 4.43 216.3 405.4
13 4.579 217.7 406
14 4.729 219.1 406.5
15 4.884 220.5 407.1
16 5.043 221.9 407.6
17 5.205 223.3 408.2
18 5.372 224.7 408.7
19 5.542 226.1 409.2
20 5.717 227.5 409.7
21 5.896 228.9 410.3
22 6.079 230.3 410.8
23 6.266 231.7 411.3
24 6.458 233.1 411.8
25 6.654 234.5 412.3
26 6.854 236 412.8
27 7.059 237.4 413.3
28 7.269 238.8 413.8
 29 7.483 240.3 414.3
30 7.702 241.7 414.8
31 7.926 243.2 415.3
32 8.154 244.6 415.8
33 8.388 246.1 416.3
34 8.626 247.5 416.7

Temp Pressure Enthalpy of Enthalpy of

Liquid Vapour
35 8.87 249 417.2
36 9.118 250.5 417.6
37 9.372 252 418.1
38 9.632 253.4 418.5
39 9.896 254.9 419
40 10.17 256.4 419.4
41 10.44 257.9 419.9
42 10.72 259.4 420.3
43 11.01 260.9 420.7
44 11.3 262.4 421.1
45 11.6 263.9 421.5
46 11.9 265.5 421.9
47 12.21 267 422.3
48 12.53 268.5 422.7
49 12.85 270.1 423.1
50 13.18 271.6 423.4
51 13.51 273.2 423.8
52 13.85 274.7 424.1
53 14.2 276.3 424.5
54 14.55 277.9 424.8
55 14.92 279.5 425.2
56 15.28 281.1 425.5
57 15.66 282.7 425.8
58 16.04 284.3 426.1
59 16.42 285.9 426.4
60 16.82 287.5 426.6
61 17.22 289.1 426.9
62 17.63 290.8 427.1
 63 18.04 292.4 427.4
64 18.47 294.1 427.6
65 18.9 295.8 427.8
66 19.34 297.4 428
67 19.78 299.1 428.2
68 20.24 300.8 428.4
69 20.7 302.6 428.5
70 21.17 304.3 428.6
71 21.65 306 428.8
72 22.13 307.6 428.9
73 22.63 309.5 428.9
74 23.13 311.3 429
75 23.64 313.1 429
76 24.16 314.9 429

Temp Pressure Enthalpy of Enthalpy of

Liquid Vapour
77 24.69 316.8 429
78 25.23 318.6 429
79 25.78 320.5 428.9
80 26.33 322.4 428.8
81 26.9 324.3 428.7
82 27.47 326.2 428.5
83 28.06 328.2 428.3
84 28.65 330.2 428.1
85 29.26 332.2 427.8
86 29.87 334.3 427.4
87 30.5 336.4 427
88 31.14 338.5 426.6
89 31.78 340.7 426
90 32.44 342.9 425.4
91 33.11 345.2 424.7
92 33.79 347.6 423.9
93 34.49 350 423
94 35.19 352.6 421.9
95 35.91 355.2 420.7
96 36.64 358.1 419.2
97 37.39 361.1 417.4
 Pimpri Chinchwad Education Trust's

Pimpri Chinchwad College of Engineering & Research, Ravet.

Department of Mechanical Engineering
Refrigeration & Air Conditioning Lab Manual
98 38.15 364.5 415.1
99 38.93 368.3 412.2
100 39.72 373.3 407.7
101 40.54 384.4 395.4

Experiment No. 01 Test on Vapour Compression Test Rig

Aim : To Study & determine the cop of refrigerator using vapour compression test rig.
Apparatus
Compressor,Condenser,ExpansionDevice,Evaporator,Rotameter,Thermocouples,Pressure
Guage & Fan.
Abstract
The objective of this experiment is to test the performance of a vapour
compression refrigeration cycle,and evaluation of the effects that the different
components have on the system will also be made,the refrigerant properties at the
entrance and exits of the components within the system,the psychometric properties of
the air,as well as the electrical input to the system are to be used in order to determine the
cop,enthalpies,flow rates,capacity & heat transfer rate for no load condition the cop is
maximum & it decreases as load on system increases.
Methodology
This process is modification of the ideal reversed carnot cycle as to make it
practicable has resulted in this cycle.The isothermal processes are replaced by constant
pressure processes.
The flow diagram of working refrigerator is shown in fig. & its working is
represented in fig. b on P-V & T-S diagram.The cycle on which it works is known as Bell
Coleman Cycle.
Construction & Working :

Procedure
 1) Make sure that the electric connection and the system is to be closed for
precaution .
2) Initially,by starting the mains on take the readings for no load condition
when temperatures in equilibrium state.
3) Then a rotameter is used for measuring the flow rate of refrigerant and
pressure gauges P1 & P2 at inlet of compressor and at outlet of
compressor to be measured.
4) In the same way,increases the load on system by giving input to heater
using dimmerstat,so that the digital value of work input is to be taken.
5) Repeat the same procedure for various readings,hence to know the
performance of the VCR CYCLE SYSTEM.
Obervation Table :

Mass
Sr. T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 Compr. Heater P1 in P2 in of
No ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ i/p (w) i/p (w) PSI PSI Refrig.
(LPH)

Calculations :
𝑇1
1) C.O.P carnot cycle = 𝑇2−𝑇1

ℎ1−ℎ4
2) C.O.P theoretical = ℎ2−ℎ1

ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟

3) C.O.P Actual = 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑟

4) Refrigeration Effect = M refri. ( h1-h4 )

Observations
 1) Density of refrigerant ( ) = kg/m3

Result :
It is seen that for no load condition
COP Carnot =

COP Theoretical =

COP Actual =

Refrigerating Effect =
Conclusion :

Questions:
1)What would be the replacement for VCR Cycle and Why?
2)What is said to be the Heart of VCR System and Why?

Experiment No. 04 ICE PLANT TEST RIG

Introduction

Ice is needed in commercial units, Medicines & in food processes etc.

This Ice manufactured in large plants requires a huge space. However the
present compact unit is useful to study the process of Ice making & to
know the behavior of basic parameters of the system. Ice can be produced
by two method

1. Plate Type.
2. Can Type.

Abstract
The Ice Plant Test Rig ensures taking test on ice plant which includes
making of an ice in 7 cans filled with water.The cooling effect is be given
with the aid of secondary refrigerant i.e glycol.It takes care for the
formation and retention of ice.
Reading for this test has to be taken from the start of test till the ice forms
in half an hour interval.
 The sec ref temp. is first lowered down in minus degree celcius which then
gives the cooling effect to the ice cans further.

Description

The present equipment uses compression cycle system with Freon - 12 as

the cooling media. The unit differs in many aspects than the commercial
plants.
The equipments consist of control panel, condensing unit, cooling system,
brine solution tank & a main tank etc. The brine tank is insulated from all
sides with a door at the top side to load/unload the cans. The brine is
placed in main tank.
The brine tank has a structure at the top side where the cans be hold. An
agitator ( stirrer ) is used to stir the brine solution. A drain is provided to
the brine tank. This tank is coated from inside to prevent any action by
brine.

The compressor is mounted at one side of base with a condenser & fan. A
liquid receiver is adopted in the circuit. The evaporator coil is held at one
side in the brine tank.

The panel consists of switches, energymeter, pressure gauges, HP/LP

cutout, dial thermometer.
Specifications

1. Compressor : Hermetically sealed, Kirloskar Emelsion Make.

2. Condenser : Air cooled condenser size 14” x 14” with cooling fan.

3. Brine Tank : Brine tank insulated from all sides with provision to hold
cans, evaporator coil at one side & an arrangement to drain the brine
solution. A door is provided at the top of this tank.

4. Ice Tank : Suitable size made out of galvanized sheet.

5. Stirrer Arrangement : A fan is used to stir the brine solution & is

connected to the shaft of an electrical motor of suitable capacity

6. The Panel : Following items are mounted on panel.

i. High & Low pressure gauge : These gauges indicate, High & Low
pressure respectively in the circuit.

ii. Energymeter : To measure the power Consumption of the

compressor.
 iii. Switches for compressor, condenser fan, & stirrer motor.

iv. Digital Temperature indicator with sensors.

Preparation of unit for test

Empty before starting the Refrigeration Cycle please checks the following.
The pressure gauges should indicate equal pressure, that indicates HP &
LP side are balanced. Proper earthing is provided to unit. See that the
motor shaft along with fan is free in its bearing. This can be confirmed by
rotating the shaft manually cans concentration of brine.

Put water in the brine tank approximately up to mark. Add 100 Kgs. of
common salt into the tank without splashing the water. Then stir this
water by using the stirrer for sometime. If the strength is proper then close
door of the tank. Also confirm that there is no leakage at the drain of the
tank.

Test procedure

Now the unit is ready for the experiment. Start the condenser fan & after
2 - 3 minutes start the compressor. When the refrigeration circuit starts
functioning put the stirrer fan on. Note down the brine solution
temperature at certain interval of time say 1/2 Hr or so. The temperature
of the brine drops slowly. The stirrer may be put off for some time if
necessary. Now when the temperature of brine reaches 3 0 - 40 stop the
stirrer open the door of tank. Load the Ice cans on the frame of brine tank.
See that the cans contain water up to slightly below the level mark. Close
the door properly.

Note down the exact time when the cans are loaded. Now let the
Refrigeration system run for some time. The dial thermometer
temperature will rise. Then start the stirrer motor. The temperature of dial
thermometer will start dropping. The system runs continuously & the
 observations are entered in the table. Now at the end of 24 Hrs period
from the loading the cans stop the stirrer motor. Open the door & see the
condition of water in the cans. The Ice should have formed. Take out the
cans properly. Deep the cans one by one in water tank so that the Ice slab
will come out. Weight the slab & confirm that weight of all slabs is 8 Kg.

If another test is to be repeated then load the cans properly filled with
water. And confirm formation of Ice at the end of 24 Hrs.

Observations

1. Date of Trial :

2. Weight of empty can :

3. Brine solution Temperature :

4. HP: LP:

6. Time for 10 revolutions of energy meter for compressor in sec.

0
7. Condenser Inlet Temperature: C = Tci = T3
0
8. Condenser Outlet Temperature: C = Tco = T4
0
9. Evaporator Inlet Temperature: C = Tei = T1
0
10. Evaporator Inlet Temperature: C = Teo = T2

Specimen calculations

From the pressure & temperature plot cycle on P-H chart, find out the heat
at four points. Now the theoretical COP can be calculated by :

heo - hei
 hci - heo

Where,

hci = Enthalpy of Refrigerant at condenser Inlet

hco = Enthalpy of Refrigerant at condenser Outlet

hei = Enthalpy of Refrigerant at Evaporator Inlet

heo= Enthalpy of Refrigerant at Evaporator Outlet

Work done by compressor

3600 x Nc
=
Tc x EMC

Where,

Nc = 10 = No of Revolutions on energymeter.
EMC = Energy constant.
Tc = Time Required for Nc Revolution in Sec.

Refrigeration effect produced

1. Weight of water in the cans: Kg

0
2. Ambient Temperature of water : ( T w ) C

3. Weight of Ice formed: (w) Kg

0
4. Temperature of Ice T5 C

(This Temperature is taken equal to temperature of brine solution )

Heat lost by Water = Ref. Effect proceed.

= mass x ( Temperature difference ) x Sp - heat

= W x ( Tw – T5 ) x cp
 Where,

Tw = Temperature of water in the cans at the time of

loading.

Tice = Temperature of Ice i. e. Brine Temp.

W = Weight of Ice in kg.

Ref. Effect Procedure

COP ( actual ) =
Work done by compressor

Precautions

1. The water used for Ice should be free of salt & other impurities etc.

2. In case supply fails wait till there is balance of pressure in suction.

& delivery line ( i.e. 15 minutes) & Then pun On the power supply.

Observations
0
1. Temp. of water in the can at the time of loading ( T w) = C

2. Weight of empty can = kg.

3. Starting time =

4. Date =
0
5. Refrigerant inlet Temp. to Evaporator ( T3 ) = C
0
6. Refrigerant Outlet Temp. from Evaporator ( T4 ) = C
0
7. Refrigerant Inlet Temp. to Condenser (T1 ) = C
0
8. Refrigerant Outlet Temp. from Condenser ( T2 ) = C
0
9. Brine solution Temp. ( Temp. of Ice ) T5 = C

10. Closing Time =

11. Weight of Ice with Can = kg

 12. Weight of Ice = kg

13. Voltmeter Reading = volt

14. Ammeter Reading = Amp

15. High pressure ( HP ) = Kg/Cm2

16. Low pressure ( LP ) = Kg/Cm2

Calculations

1) Refrigeration Effect Produced :

= ( mass of ice ) x ( Temp - Diff ) x Specific Heat/Time

= m x ( Tw - T5 ) x Cp x Time

= x( - ) x 4.186 x 9.81/Time inHr

= KJ/hr

=
KJ/Sec.

2) Work Input :
= Voltmeter Reading x Ammeter Reading

= x

= Watt.

3) Actual C. O.P. :

Refrigeration Effect Produced

=
 Work Input

4) Carnot C.O.P. :

TL
=
TH - TL

Where,

TL = Saturated Temp. of ,
Refrigerant at Evap. pressure

TH = Saturated Temp. of,

Refrigerant at condenser Pressure
Where

LP = PSI

=( x 0.0731 ) + 1.0133

= Kg/cm2

TL = ( + 273 ) From properties of R-134a

0
= K

HP = PSI

=( x 0.07031 ) + 1.0133

= Kg/cm2

TH = ( + 273 ) From Properties of R-134a

0
= K
 Carnot C. O. P.=
( – )

5. Efficiency of the Plant (  )

Actual C.O.P.
 =
Carnot C.O.P

= X 100

= %

6. Theoretical C. O. P.
Heo - Hei
=
Hci - Heo

-
=
-

7. Relative C.O.P.
Actual C.O.P.
=
Theoretical c.O.P.

8. Ton of Refrigeration ( T )
Refrigeration Effect Produced in K J/Min
=
210
N act X 60
=
 210
X 60
=
210

= ton of refrigerant
Conclusion :

Questions :
1) Classify refrigerants.
2) Note down ideal properties of refrigerants.
3) Which is the best suited primary refrigerant for domestic use ?
 PROPERTIES OF R 134a
Temp Pressure Enthalpy of Enthalpy of
Liquid Vapour
[0C] [bar] [kj/kg] [kj/kg]
-50 0.2945 135.7 367.7
-49 0.3121 136.9 368.3
-48 0.3305 138.2 368.9
-47 0.3498 139.4 369.6
-46 0.37 140.6 370.2
-45 0.3912 141.9 370.8
-44 0.4133 143.1 371.5
-43 0.4364 144.4 372.1
-42 0.4606 145.6 372.7
-41 0.4858 146.9 373.4
-40 0.5121 148.1 374
-39 0.5395 149.4 374.6
-38 0.5682 150.7 375.3
-37 0.598 151.9 375.9
-36 0.6291 153.2 376.5
-35 0.6614 154.4 377.2
-34 0.6951 155.7 377.8
-33 0.7302 157 378.4
-32 0.7666 158.2 379.1
-31 0.8044 159.5 379.7
-30 0.8438 160.8 380.3
-29 0.8846 162.1 380.9
-28 0.927 163.3 381.6
-27 0.971 164.6 382.2
-26 1.017 165.9 382.8
-25 1.064 167.2 383.4
-24 1.113 168.5 384.1
-23 1.164 169.8 384.7
-22 1.216 171.1 385.3
-21 1.271 172.3 385.9
-20 1.327 173.6 386.6
-19 1.386 174.9 387.2
-18 1.446 176.2 387.8
-17 1.508 177.5 388.4
-16 1.573 178.8 389
-15 1.639 180.1 389.6
-14 1.708 181.4 390.2
-13 1.779 182.8 390.8
-12 1.852 184.1 391.5
-11 1.928 185.4 392.1
-10 2.006 186.7 392.7
-9 2.086 188 393.3
-8 2.169 189.3 393.9

Temp Pressure Enthalpy of Enthalpy of

Liquid Vapour
-7 2.255 190.7 394.5
-6 2.343 192 395.1
-5 2.433 193.3 395.7
-4 2.527 194.6 396.3
-3 2.623 196 396.8
-2 2.722 197.3 397.4
-1 2.823 198.7 398
0 2.928 200 398.6
1 3.036 201.3 399.2
2 3.146 202.7 399.8
3 3.26 204 400.3
4 3.377 204.4 400.9
5 3.497 206.8 401.5
6 3.62 208.1 402.1
7 3.746 209.5 402.6
8 3.876 210.8 403.2
9 4.009 212.2 403.8
10 4.146 213.6 404.3
11 4.26 215 404.9
12 4.43 216.3 405.4
13 4.579 217.7 406
14 4.729 219.1 406.5
15 4.884 220.5 407.1
16 5.043 221.9 407.6
17 5.205 223.3 408.2
18 5.372 224.7 408.7
19 5.542 226.1 409.2
20 5.717 227.5 409.7
21 5.896 228.9 410.3
22 6.079 230.3 410.8
23 6.266 231.7 411.3
24 6.458 233.1 411.8
25 6.654 234.5 412.3
26 6.854 236 412.8
27 7.059 237.4 413.3
28 7.269 238.8 413.8
29 7.483 240.3 414.3
30 7.702 241.7 414.8
31 7.926 243.2 415.3
32 8.154 244.6 415.8
33 8.388 246.1 416.3
 34 8.626 247.5 416.7

Temp Pressure Enthalpy of Enthalpy of

Liquid Vapour
35 8.87 249 417.2
36 9.118 250.5 417.6
37 9.372 252 418.1
38 9.632 253.4 418.5
39 9.896 254.9 419
40 10.17 256.4 419.4
41 10.44 257.9 419.9
42 10.72 259.4 420.3
43 11.01 260.9 420.7
44 11.3 262.4 421.1
45 11.6 263.9 421.5
46 11.9 265.5 421.9
47 12.21 267 422.3
48 12.53 268.5 422.7
49 12.85 270.1 423.1
50 13.18 271.6 423.4
51 13.51 273.2 423.8
52 13.85 274.7 424.1
53 14.2 276.3 424.5
54 14.55 277.9 424.8
55 14.92 279.5 425.2
56 15.28 281.1 425.5
57 15.66 282.7 425.8
58 16.04 284.3 426.1
59 16.42 285.9 426.4
60 16.82 287.5 426.6
61 17.22 289.1 426.9
62 17.63 290.8 427.1
63 18.04 292.4 427.4
64 18.47 294.1 427.6
65 18.9 295.8 427.8
66 19.34 297.4 428
67 19.78 299.1 428.2
68 20.24 300.8 428.4
69 20.7 302.6 428.5
70 21.17 304.3 428.6
71 21.65 306 428.8
72 22.13 307.6 428.9
73 22.63 309.5 428.9
74 23.13 311.3 429
75 23.64 313.1 429
76 24.16 314.9 429
 Temp Pressure Enthalpy of Enthalpy of
Liquid Vapour
77 24.69 316.8 429
78 25.23 318.6 429
79 25.78 320.5 428.9
80 26.33 322.4 428.8
81 26.9 324.3 428.7
82 27.47 326.2 428.5
83 28.06 328.2 428.3
84 28.65 330.2 428.1
85 29.26 332.2 427.8
86 29.87 334.3 427.4
87 30.5 336.4 427
88 31.14 338.5 426.6
89 31.78 340.7 426
90 32.44 342.9 425.4
91 33.11 345.2 424.7
92 33.79 347.6 423.9
93 34.49 350 423
94 35.19 352.6 421.9
95 35.91 355.2 420.7
96 36.64 358.1 419.2
97 37.39 361.1 417.4
98 38.15 364.5 415.1
99 38.93 368.3 412.2
100 39.72 373.3 407.7
101 40.54 384.4 395.4

Pimpri Chinchwad Education Trust's

Pimpri Chinchwad College of Engineering & Research, Ravet.

Department of Mechanical Engineering
Refrigeration & Air Conditioning Lab Manual
Experiment No. To Uninstall,Service/Maintenance &
Install Split Air-conditioning
Aim :
To uninstall,service/maintenance & install split air conditioner.

Tools & Equipement required :

1) Spanners & Screw drivers.
2) Allen Keys
3) Files & Cutteres
4) Sealants & Sealing valve
 5) Multimeter & Digital thermometer
6) Pressure gauges & torque wrenches
7) Brush,oil cans & velocity meter
8) Light weight air blower.

Installation of Split Air-conditioner :

In case of split air conditioner,the evaporator is located at a higher osition as
compared with the window air conditioner.Cool air has more density than hot air.The air which
comes in contact with the evaporator coil gets cooled & cooled air being higher in density,flows in
the downward direction towards the floor.The warm air moves up as it is lighter than rest of the air
in the room.
This phenomenon has been shown in fig. (A)

Location for Indoor Unit (IDU) :

For quality installation of IDU a strong wall,away from direct heat &
breeze is necessary.There should not be any abstruction to the circulation of air.There should be
adequate space,more than 150 mm around the IDU.The distance between the ceiling & the IDU
should be more than 50 mm in case of front suction or grille design & more than 150 mm in the
case of top suction or flat front panel design.For the drain the tube should slope towards the
outside of the wall.the location should be away from flammable materials & the tubing should
have minimum bends & elbows.

Location for Outdoor Unit (ODU) :

For quality installation of ODU a strong foundation is required,away from
direct heat.There should be no obstruction to air circulation.The space around the ODu must be
more than 150-250 mm in the rear & more than 1500 mm in front of the unit.It should be placed
away from any flammable materials.Avoiding the ODU where it would be exposed to salty
atmosphere.

Procedure ( installation Of IDU ) :-

1) Allign the installation plate on the wall horizontly and mark locations for
fasteners.Using the spirit level mark the vertical centre line.
2) Drill 6mm holes at the marked points,insert sheaths/plugs & fit the installation plate
with eight screws.
3) Then open the cover of the hole of the plastic tubes as per suitable direction for
drainage.
4) Drill a hole of 70 & 100 mm dia. For 1.0 tr & 2.0 tr units resp. for tubing.
5) The holes must be slightly sloping 4-6 mm towards the outdoor side.
6) Drill the tubing hole on the right or left side of the installation plate as per the drain
line.
7) Use a special conduct for allowing the tubes to smoothly slide out.

Procedure ( installation Of ODU ) :-

1) Ensure that the base for installation of the ODU is rigid.
2) In case the site is located where the breeze is strong or if it is at a high altitude
install the ODU lengthwise along the wall,using a shield to protect the working
of the fan.Ensure that the air does not enter the ODu.select a site for ODU in
such a way that its access is easy for installation & further servicing.
3) If the drainage is bad,or if water is likely to accumulate near the outdoor unit
place the ODU on a concrete block or raised platform if possible.
 4) If the outdoor unit vibrates too much adjust angle of the installation legs.In case
the unit is likely to tilt or fall,bolt it with 8 mm dia. Anchor bolts.

Servicing Of Air Conditioners :

10 main steps during servicing or repairing of air conditioners : -
1) Recovering refrigerant from the sealed refrigeration system.
2) Repairing / Replacing inoperative spare part.
3) Cleaning / polishing & flushing the system.
4) Careful brazing & flairing of tubes.
5) Leak & pressure testing.
6) Evacuatin & vaccum holding.
7) Refrigerant charging.
8) Sealing the process tube & closing valve.
9) Routine checking for proper operation.
10) Recording the details of workdone.

Precautions :
1) Work in a clean,well ventilated and dry area.
2) Wear gloves,goggles,apron or clothing which covers the body when working.
3) Ensure the appliance is disconnected from the main electric supply before
carrying out any work on it.
4) Take care while opening the system as the pressure inside the system is
generally higher than atmospheric pressure.
5) Keep systems & components sealed.Repair & replace components as necessary.
6) Change the filter drier whenever the system is opened for maintenance or if it is
contaminated.
7) Liquid refrigerant causes frostbite if it comes into contact with human skin.for
protection wear personal protective equipement (PPE)
8) The refrigerant in the air conditioner may be contaminated with acids.Ensure it
does not come into contact with the skin.
9) The compressor oil may also be acidic,so wear gloves and goggles when
removing or repairing faulty compressor.
10) Always use a two stage pressure regulator ( upto 50 bar ) when using nitrogen.
11) Ensure that all hoses are free from cracks and have adequate strength to
withstand high pressures.
12) Charge the system with correct quantity of good quality refrigerant.
13) Seal the charging point by brazing and then test for leakage.
14) Do not modify cylinder/can or valves.
15) Do not refill disposable cylinders / cans.

Conclusion :
By doing this, We can able to install,uninstall & repair / servicing of split air
conditioner at home.