Expt.

no: 9 Date: 06 June, 2023

Audio Amplifier using IC LM386N-1

Objective:

1. To design and test the circuit

2. To design the PCB using KiCAD 7
3. To fabricate the PCB
4. To verify the working of the PCB

Equipment:
Software: KiCad7

Theory:
The LM386 is a type of operational amplifier (Op-Amp). Operational amplifiers have a basic task. They
take an input potential (voltage) and produce an output potential that’s tens, hundreds, or thousands of
times the magnitude of the input potential. In an amplifier circuit, the LM386 takes an audio input signal
and increases its potential anywhere from 20 to 200 times. That amplification is what’s known as the
voltage gain.

Gain is the amplification of the input potential and is a characteristic of the amplifier. Volume lets you
adjust the sound level within the range of amplification set by the gain. Gain sets the range of possible
volume levels.

Some of the applications of Audio Amplifier Circuit using IC LM386N-1 are:

1. Can be used to make a speech amplifier with small modifications to the audio input circuit.
2. It can be used as a personal speaker.
3. It can be applicable to musicians to build a low-cost amplifier.

Procedure:

1. Design and test the circuit:

a. Design an Audio Amplifier circuit which uses an LM386N-1 IC and determine the design
considerations.
b. Using datasheets, select appropriate components.
c. Acquire and assemble the components on the breadboard to test the working of the
circuit.
2. Design the PCB using KiCAD 7:
a. Design the schematic layout:
i. Set grid and page settings.
ii. Add symbols to the sheet.
iii. Arrange, wire, and annotate symbols, add textual information.
iv. Perform electrical rules check (ERC), fix errors, repeat.
v. Associate symbols with footprints.
vi. Export netlist.
b. Design the PCB Layout:
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 i. Set grid and page settings.
ii. Import netlist.
iii. Place components according to functional blocks and user interface.
iv. Route the tracks and perform a copper fill, add textual information.
v. Perform Design Rules Check (DRC), fix errors, repeat.
vi. Create, verify, and export the Gerber files.

Circuit Diagram:

Audio Amplifier Circuit

Implementation:
Breadboard Circuit Implementation:

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Symbol to footprints Association table:

Bill of Material(BOM):

PCB layout:

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Component side 3D view: Solder side 3D view:

Challenges:
1. The PCB design should be properly designed as any error will affect the working of the PCB
board.
2. The component should be first tested on a breadboard to avoid any error at a later stage.

Conclusion:
An audio Amplifier using IC LM386N-1 was designed, fabricated and its working was verified.
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