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    PIPE FITTERS MANUAL

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    Pipe Fitters Manual

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    Lino

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    PIPE FITTERS MANUAL Tube Turns,.Inc. - P.O. BOX 32160". 7 LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY #0232: - uve rumws ana (Bare wademars 0 Tube Tuma In ©1080, 1900 ube Tens, ne. NOTES FOREWORD ‘Tube Turns is pleased to provide this Pipe Fit- ters Manual as an expression of our mutual interest in improving the performance, dependability and quality of American indus- trial piping. For more than 50 years Tube Turns has worked earnestly to merit your trust by maintaining the highest quality standards and by continually developing new and better piping products that make your work easier and more satisfying. Today, the Tube Turns line of Engineered Prod- ucts is the broadest in the world ... all popular sizes and materials ... stocked and sold in all principal cities. We welcome your continued support of our efforts to promote the use of only high-quality ‘Tube Turns products ... made in America ... by ‘American Craftsmen. Tube Turns, Inc. 0. Box 32160 Lovlovile, Kentucky 40232 Tube Turns? Enginoored Products and Enginoored Produc Piping Components i Piping Components aioe cance a = res * eee parm te oe ne Seca Seats cou ite Fone eh Laps nes Siberian Astin guar 12 ppesminsal- dawegiswece Stora ae wa Seem prsect ‘Sheer rarer had bona paw, SFr. rc seer oa pe Se eer Seem, cenany ‘pasion prssursio ‘eaupment, Can be but ‘Ra Tens, ands avata- ene Shears Soe Snore Someta Hees ee eee See Saas Ze har meter of eed, meters avaiable, ee Piping Componente, Tube Turns” Engineered Products and iping Components frgusee ue Type aed Steeraae este te Seam Fetter sca oslo’. Settee Fame a Anca Ferns Bat Pates Fecranppemovenest Est ge con ‘woe rrnatce fe putonc- ita pe ‘ean opments mrisrrstaton ‘peso css 0 Saab Conbotute apc pet Vesarecoyi ves Swe Wea Sstersmmratcs ‘mitrom ye cengh, ibe fata ratitrat aces DBR 00 Aidseaton Caron se star Sesto ch ‘he nae es, ‘mei te suerte Ceemrgseoror- gorse as peg oan? erence ‘okt set Sarena hetogetos hese ena (ene inn tame ‘Steen pace be ans anda siete pee facsorpoe HStuacsearaeb cr fonsbain sanded wi eter oe TABLE OF CONTENTS Useful Formulas Ce eco ere Conversion Factors of Pressure, Temperature, ete Weight of Water... . Minuten Converted to Decimals ofa Degree Decimal Equivalents of Fractions. Water Pressure to Feet Head. ‘Foot Head of Water to Pai... . Conversion Constanta,.......... 7 Hardnew Conversion Numbers. ss, Flow Conversion Chart, aon English-Metric Conversion Factors. 19 Se et ‘Wolding Fitting Dimensions... Flange Dimensions, Bolting Dimensions for Flanges Standard Cast Iron Companion Flanges. Extra Heavy Cast Iron Companion Flanges Bolt Torque Procedure on Flanged Joints. Pipe Alignment, 7 ‘ig for Small Diameter Piping Pipe Hangers ...... How to Cut OddAngle Elbows. 20 24 28 a at 34 AL my AS 46 Ces i | | Basie Welding Symbols .> wo AB Symbols for Pipe Fittings Cte) Goated Are Welding lectrodes-—Types or Styles, . 64 NOEUM,A. Blectrode Kdensseation Codes Bhysical Properties of B60 and 170 Series Bloctrodes a ing and Brazing Temperatures... ‘Trouble Shooting ibe Yor'Are Wading ee Eis Standard Pipe Data... coco 8B Barlow's Formula 83 Commercial Pipe Sizes and Wall Thicknesses. . 68 Pipe and Watet Wehr bine Poot 83 ‘Weight per Foot of Seamless Brass and Gopper Pipe! 68 ASTM Carbon Steel Pipe and Flange Specifications. 69 Heat Losaes from Horizontal Bare Steel Pipe. 70 ‘Total Thermal Expansion of Piping Material. 2 PROPERTIES OF METAL Metal Sei chts. 7 ire fe Fee ior and Approximate ‘Tempera 4 ‘Temperature Daia | ea Spe of Gases and Liquids 4 Yates of Pack 14 2 ing Points of Water at Various Pressures 16 > Er 15 Darl Sizes for Pipe Ty F ‘Tap and Drill Sites. 78 Abbreviations 7 16 Pipe Fittera Detinitiona’ 78 USEFUL FORMULAS Where: ‘Ax Area: Ai = Surface area of solids; V= Volume; C= Cicumterence Rectangle AmWXt Parallotogram Rew ‘Traperold Awnxt Trianete anny ZN e * os on Am 3142 xRXR em 3.142 x0 BUR XRXR Xo ‘ - aoe CAD Ls 01745 RX oe an ITS KR Rao Ors Ka Pay epee erent) od om 6200x EEE Ractanaser ett Aaa xLEexK tH [ft L VeWxLx Cone . Ase 3.142 XRXS49.142 XRXR V = 1.087 x RXR XH cylinder A= 6.283 XRXH+6.283XRXR V 312 xRXxRxH tpt Tanke aaa V =3102KAxBxH ce H+ 6283 X AX 8 An= 6283 x ‘Sphere Aya 1256 XR XR V = A188 XR RXR for shove continent apa in geons = 34; when Vis in xb nes, aps in gone = 748 XV whan Vinin cul fot CONVERSION FACTORS PRESSURE = 2.31 Mt water at 60°F = 2.04 in. hg at 60°F = 0.433 Ib, per 89. i. = 0.884 in. ng at 60°F 1 tb. per sa. in 1 ft, water at 60°F 1 in, Hg at 60°F ‘= 0.49 ib. per sq. in = 1.13 ft water at 60°F tb, per sa, in. = Ib. per sq.in. gauge (psig) +14.7 Absolute (psia) ‘TEMPERATURE c = CF =32) x5/9 WEIGHT OF LiquID Leah. (US) = 8.34 Ib. x sp. gr. Lew. ft. = 62.4 1b. x 5p. gr Lb, = 0.12 US. gal. + 5p. er. = 0.016 cu.ft. + sp. er. rLow 1 gpm = 0.134 cu.ft. per min. = 500 Ib. per hr. X sp. er. 800 Ib. per hr. = 1 epm-+ sp. er. cu. ft. per min. (cfm) = 448.8 gal. per hr. (gph) work = 778 tt. = 0.293 watt hr. = 1/180 of heat required tochange temp of 1 Ib. water from 32°F to 212 Thp-he = 2545 Btu (mean) 0.746 kwhr 1 Kwhe = 3413 Btu (mean) = 1.34 hp-nr 1 Btu (mean) 10 Power = 0,293 watt = 12.96 tt Ib. per min, 0.00039 np 1 ton refrigeration (U.S) = 288,000 Btu per 24 hr. = 12,000 Btu per hr. . = 200 Btu per min. = 83.33 Ib. ice melted per hr. from and at 32°F. = 2000 Ib. ice melted por 24 hr. from and at 32°F. Lhe = 550 ft 1b. per sec. = 746 watt = 2845 Btu per hr. = 33,480 Btu per hr. = 34.5 Ib. water evap. per hr. trom 1 Btu per hr. 1 boiler hp 8 Fa 8 & Lhe = 3413 Btu per hr. mass Ib. (avoir) = 16 oz. (avoir) = 7000 gral = 2000 ib, = 2240 Ib. 1 ton (short) 1 ton (long) ‘VOLUME = 12811, 02.(US), = 231.cu.in. = 0.833 gal. (Brit) + 7.48 gal. (US) 1 gal. (US) Lev. tt. WEIGHT OF WATER Leu. ft. at 50°F. weighs 62.41 1b 1 gal. at SO*F. weighs 8.34 Ib Leu. It of ico weigns 57.2 Ib. Water is at its greatest density at 39.2°F. Leu. ft, st 39.2°F, weighs 62.43 Ib. WATER PRESSURE TO FEET HEAD [as alssalz we i 5 | 00 ‘| Free] 38 no 2/88 2S) 7 88 eels iS oe ete ee i 8 | 4339, lore 160 I = 30 2138 2/82/8 i 2] 2] Be]2 ie DECIMAL EQUIVALENTS OF FRACTIONS | 2 | # ar = 8 3 ve | a | we | Ris see a | gt Re) ae Sunore maxcemoraten ve | Sey ue | Soe eee ee HE | BB? | aie | apr io} geo | ae FEET MEAD OF WATEN To Fst ome | BE = ieee | Be os | ke 15/64 203125 49/64 8 346 7 1a Bs 16 4 15 6.50 ts | dee | Re | Se Tere afoot oS tne 27/64 “421875 u rood not pen 2 13 ) | CONVERSION CONSTANTS: To chavee Inenes. Inches Feet Feet Yards Square inches Squore feet Square fest Square yaras, {Cubic inches. Cube fe Cubic toot. Cubie yards Cubic inenes. Gubie foot Gatons atone allons Pounds of water Ounces, Pounds Inches of water Inches of water Inches of water Inches of water Inches of mercury Inches of mercury. Inches of mercury Ounces per square inc Ounces per square inch Pounds per square inch, Pounds per square inch, Pounds per square inch. Pounds per square inch Feotof water Feet of water, Feet of water. Atmospheres. ‘Atmospheres, ‘Atmospheres, Long tone Short tone ‘Short tons, Feet limeters Inches. ‘Yards Feet Square fest Square inches. yerds ‘Cubic inches, ‘Cubic yards. ‘Cubic feet Gallons. Gallons. ‘cubic inches. Cubio feet Pounds of water ‘aitons Pounes ‘Ounces. ‘Pounds per square inch, Inches of mercury, ‘Ounces per square inch ‘Pounds per square foot Inches of water Feet of water Pounds per square inch, Jnches of mercury. Inches of water Inches of water. Feet of water Inches of mercury. ‘Atmospheres. Pounds per squareinch, Pounds per square foot Inohes of mercury, Pounds per square inci Inches of mercury. Feet of water Pounds Pounds, Long tons muctiney oF 0.0832 23.4 12 0.3333 a 2.00604 148 oat 9 0.00058 1726 0.03703 a7 00433 748 231 0.1337 333 0.12004 0.0625 16 0.0361 0.0735 0878 52. 136, 11333 o.ao14 9.27 1733 ze 2310 208 oer 34 625 Osea 14.696 2992 36 2240 2000 o.29208 ol t OmLity aint ee Hime SBS] BEE sen sen eet CEREUS RSRSE GSSpORS) ise Bassaeeueaieuseeegee| esleeesS|Senreiesecm ees 1 Eee bbaesheessicves exglegpach sanelegearlegze! son eeener zat lasenslenenglazexsleeeal sasfesass| ssghsaareaseae Fe Se if ' fe aaneaautlaneeel sees: jssesajeasselesnea|sesee} ei fesse is: inadoe|weooa|sbooV[omaan|auno5 lesson sooaeoes 308) hea a fer wg eae ERIE ysalasensiecaasl EaSRee eee SsSae] Seer BERS Reta asec as: ig i | i 16 I FLOW CONVERSION CHART i Have you ever wanted to know the cubic feet per minute of liquid or gas flowing through pipe? Or the gallons per mimute, pounds of water per min- ute, velocity of flow or exact internal diameter of the pipe regardless of its standard size? The accom- panying nomogram takes care of most of these problems in a very simple way. First, it will be noted that there are three sets of figures given in connection with the extreme left-hand column A. The first colurmn of figures at the left, marked ‘1 Standard,” gives the internal diameter of standard pipe (somewhat greater than 1 for a 1-in. standard pipe); the column of figures marked “2 Exact” gives the exact diameter. The column of figures marked “3 Extra Heavy” gives the internal diameter of extra-heavy pipe How much water is passing through a pipe hav- ing an ID of exactly 2 in., the velocity of the water being 2 fps? To apply the chart to this problem, locate 2 in column A over the word “Exact” and run a straight line from this point through the 2 ‘in column C (as shown by slanted dotted line). At intersection of this line with column B, run a straight line horizontally to column G, also shown by dotted line. ‘The intersection of this horizontal line from column B to column G gives answers simultaneously in three columns D, E and F. (cowrmeoy Gy, 7, per see vewodiry, Couey of The Waldag Engine g ont 38 878 PER Traded ven Bey) fo ” ee 18 FLOW CONVERSION CHART ;conrmuto) According to column D, 2.6 cfm of water are flow- ing through the pipe. Column E shows the volume of flow to be 19.5 gpm, Column F gives the weight of that water as about 165 pounds per minute. For liquids other than water, multiply the value found on column F by the specific gravity of the par- ticular liquid. Inversely, if quantity in either columns D, E or F is known, velocity may be computed with equal ease. First run the horizontal line through the known point in D, E or F to column B. From the intersection on column B, run a secdnd line to the known pipe diameter, column A. The intersection of this second line with column C gives the velocity. of the liquid in feet per second. ‘This chart can be conveniently employed as a conversion chart. For example, how many gallons in 26 cu, ft.? The dotted horizontal line already drawn shows that the answer is about 19.5 gallons, which is also equivalent to about 165 pounds of water. If the liquid were oil having a specific gravity of 0.9, we would multiply the 165 by that figure and obtain an answer of 148.5 1b. ‘The chart also gives a visual demonstration of standard, ex- the relationship between pipe si act and extra heavy. ENGLISH-METRIC CONVERSION FACTORS maa Mirae laches. Contimetars Inches Meters laches aires? laches? Mantas? Feo gras. Pounce. ‘ograsicertineters Poundnchee Bor, Poundsioches Milimeterot mercury Incesef mercury Liters permite Gatos per minute Lites: Galore str pa acon Feet persecend cubic notes Cable Fest 03037 254 3937 204 33.7 roy ‘00185 648.16. ‘oogo107638 '92903.08.. zaneas 453592 18.223. ‘o70a07 14.508, 0589 103937 25.4 2607) 3.788.. 2607 3785... 3281 3088 35.3148 028317 Teo Inches iieters Ieee Centimeters Inches Motors Pounds logs Poundstinchest iegramsiCentimetrs? Poundstinches! Bare : Inches ofesreury Milimetrsot mercury Gallons perminute Liters parrirute Gallons Feet por sacond «Meters per second Catia (abic meters 19 Welding Fitting Dimensions fh : AQ! i i \ ios wa ricnness sor eugows | sae crowns | ears | rees | cars | crosses | stun cnos SHE | 0 ‘one [snore alana & | sont @ st_| xs | sco | xx | Ua’ [Mae | "| 8 [cam| «© |cam| e | % | ao} soo | saz] = ml olm Po wld 1 1 3 | 1% M4 | xoso | as { ase} = | sos |e jm f= we] we] ame | om | 3 | ame a | usis | 433 | 4479 | 260 | se | iit [2%] | om | ue] am foie | af 2 2% | seo | ‘a4 | isi | 250 | ‘ase | 1% 2 | ame) 1° | im] ag | am | 4 | an a | 900 | ‘as | “200 | ar | “too | 216 (4 | ate | mm | zm] ae | om | 4 | 2 Wi 2 | ears zie} aaa | ase | 3 2 4% | sie} ae | 2%] im | an | 6 | 3% 2% | 2075 76 | 375 | 552 | au | 2u) She | ame am | 3 | ime | 6 | 4% 3, [m3gee 300 | aaa | 600 | ae | 3°) 6m | au] 2° | an} 2 | an | ss ay | e860 awe} = | ee] su | ax) 7a | 5% | 2% | ax | au | ae | 8 | bu |, 4 | Sse 337 | sai | ers | 6) | a'j aw | ow | 2m | ae] ae | ae ft | one & | S83 | 38 | aze | s28 | 250] 7 Ts Yiome | 7% | aw | am | a | an |e | 7k 8 | sess | 780 | 432 | 719 | 964 | 9° | 6 fizme | ome | am | se | aur | oe | 8 | on Be S| 8925 | 322 | 500 | ‘s0s | es | 12 | 8 jime-larme | se] of] at | > 3 | 10% FA 12 | 22980 ) 365 | $00 | 1325 | s000 | 1s | 10 j2om | asm | su | an] s | au | x0 [tox i 32 [22750 | 379 | soo | 1312 |1.000 | 1s | 12 fone | tex | mz | x0 | e | a0 | io {ts | 14 | 34000 [378 | soo f — | — 2 [aa feos Tar om [ar | om | 12 | 164 i 18 | 16.000 }''375 | ‘500 | = ~ | 2 | a6 az 24 10 12 ™ 2 12 | 18% FA p26 (| 33900 | 375 | soo} — | = | ar Jas fas | a7 | ity | ia] & | ise | a2 fa Ba A 32 | 3Be00 | ars | soo | - | = | 30 | 20 jan fae fim fis |» | as* | a2 |i Ey 22 _| 22.000 | 375 | soo | ~ | = jas | fas | 33 | sem | ten [ro | tex | ie | Zou B p28 | 24000 | a7 | soo | — [Vas [ae fas [as | as lar | tom | ar | a2 arm = 26 | 26a00 | 375 | soo J — | — Jao | | [72 | te | ion fiom | tom | = | Rf 30990 | as | soo} = | - jas | p> | FL) teu | 2% biok | 22” | =] 2 p84 [34000 | 76 | soo} - | — for J of = 7 ofa | as [io fas | 2] a ae Pasco [ae [a0 | — Pa pe | ae m |-[-|- 42 | 42000 | 375 | 50} = | — fas | = =. | 2 32 - |-]- Pa For Table of Pine Wall Thicknetoy, seo page 65, 20 2 { . 23 | ee leet altee, beta need ese des esel 2 g | SEs ete detoade lnaaaadalaandnaaneisinnssante taeans| | : | i i |se054 scons SSS6f4..n..{bbaees Lesssssseed eee Fle pannsjnnans|nonene/8S3eealnnnnnn/Seseean anunnnanennnantad eteeeeeeed saasae] §. i z |i a BJ) x lieee esc gaz see ne oe ee 2 EB é : a eg 3 < = 3 5 3 é nesgu seesnel enesenelceseemend man] | # a eye Ts eo ee z & & a a g a = ! faite PERE ESSE H I 7 1 £ 3 2 : FS SSRRERESGE SOOO Sg) Ata lesecslee oe see lee : : i soahaEy : i i wd i i ee EET enechansfoeceronel es es ee es { PEREIE/ ST 8] Sf e122 8] 81 el stare 22 oo a T - Lr Dix i weusina Ween rlanaes ieee oe es aa arpa ata : a Pen pox fs pas om an) ge fam] oY ate ow faye fo fim fio fie fi far ay 2% ee eed eo ee Pc a ear ae 3% jo 4 a aAl g a Ms [12K Me | 12%] 2% | 14 2h ton [a | 2# | 2% | 2% fave fae | ant § a9 fim fis | ae [15 | ame tee | at i em 7 SH | 3S fish | 54 10 16 MMe |17% | 2% | a7% | 2% | 20 3% B18, [a4 [6 Pare an Tao Te 132 19 |2v%e [20% | 2% | 2on | ae | 22 | aw a [Se J" | Se] zoe fam fee Lawlie |e |e fame | am fame | oe |e a au {2 [ee | SE] LO fam fonts dow 1B, 3. 1, |e | 2 | ke [ae [pam fe. fen fra fe [BR ae [2c [ase | med | Septet ee foe feu | on) See ef fe | ae [swe]208 Tex Pann Ton se fomjer fon [a f* [ak ae fa [= Te Be fom fae [on | as fox [ane | odes [oe" [at |e fe [ae fam | ox sf 8/36 | 6% | 36 fons far |e sak | am [30% | mu | asm | me Jao | an! 4 [sw {aa | ax [as fon fase | on St | 43% [9% [arn [om | arm} om | as Piose Sf a6 fs%ef so | ov | so fom | stm | true 2193 | 6% | som | 7% | se frase] sin far For complate spot fons, refer to Tube Turns Cataog Wor a1, ie" raised face is included in Lengths thew Hub *y'" "raise face is not meluded in "Length thru Hue iMag gene ty 4 (THe 7 2) The Welding Flange Dimensions ey PREZ Lap JOINT FLANGES LIND FLANGES ioe 300 wots] oo wie 30s foots wo te now | oursoe [enone | ove Tunane] outs [ener outve Pus | nom PSUS waar Th ar fire | ou oF | Tau’ | vam oF | “Thu | ou oF | Tieu" Hoan oF | inmun | BOM won. | Sa'BF | rien. | BY nex. | BASF | riscx. site Preanae | up. | ruance | wa | rtance | woo [rtanse | oe | Sige | Pekuer | WWSS | Stine | ESS] SUMS? | tyes: | RAMS | Tce o | 20) "on | 20) “o' | ‘zeal "o" | Ba o | aay oe | “aa) “o. | a2) 0 | “ae »| se % | ae] nm wee ET Tae Pe [ae 3% | te wlan dow | ow fa For ae fa Mf ae] we | ae | Fr | af a 1] ad |e |e | Bie | tee an | hte sofa | if ae | tie) am fie ty | BE] Bey ae | Es eM Ve | ame | ie] 5% | Ime] ane se fm | ml S| mel om | ie] cam | oe | om ets fom | om | umey emmtr low | ae 2 Pe Pa Pert ry ot 2 je fi | ow | ime) cot ox me} ator | | oe fa] yeote | oe | ty 2%] 7 % ™ Me —e ™% 1% | 3 Hi ne on if ras ik | ty | te) 3 he . : 7A | tie = _ is Mie) 4 9 2% | to 1% 10° 1% [10% | Le su em tax fs | a% 9 | tie = fio [mf lie | [im Pas [aw = ha Pee Pet ee - 20% | 6 n 1 12% | ihe | 12% | 1% | 14 Li 8 10 Vie | UL 2 a 2% | 1s 2h) 1% fn 15 le 15 Ve | 16% | 2% | ime | rm | amel rz | 24 faa | oe [x0 | te” fit | tom fae | ase | on | 20” | ae rm | {15 | exe] 15 | 2mel ax | a [a2 | is fam’ | zom [2 | 20g | out | 38 | 2 ie [wml ave | axl ama] « [eo [oan fae fai fiw | os Jom | a Taw Pan fox e om | ay a [38 | 23% | ime | osu [au | aon [an | ar [3 a fom foe ayy Oe] A | 2 | ae fas fast fine | Se [oe | a | eT a 13 Ba |e L | MY 2 | ae feam | 8 | 20 | 2am [atte | gon [oe | Son | ae | 2% | 3% 23% | 3%e | 25% | 4u| 25% 8 27 5% | 22 29% | 1s | 33 2% 33 2% | 344 | 3% fe SMe | 28 5% | 28 Sm _| 29% = 24 32 Ve | 36 2% | 36 3 37 4 27% | ie | 20% | i 2 25 | 34% | 20ne| 30% | Sne| dau | am | 20 | dime ze fae [oe | Se ee | ee | es |e aa) |u| a3. [am | aie [om ae | a3 47m [aie | aris | aie) a9” | ihe a6_| 48 50" | 40 | 50 six_| 65 (1 3p Ye cane toe is ince in Length thru Hub 2am Pag Tag om [orn] o2 lon | oom Lome 2) The A" ais face ip not included in “Length thew Hub 2 ina Mena 98 ete “esna a 26 aT SOLTING DIMENSIONS FOR 400 AND 600 LB. FLANGES 400 (8, STEEL FLANGES = ee Reeey BER ES ae | eseeg EE 8 2 2 16 16 2% 3m | 34 3% | 3% 3m | 3% au | 4% au fs au | sm o% 8% | 7% 5a | ay su iow [rr im fa 6% iam | im Tm {17 | 1% 19m | a 20 20 26 28 24 8% | 20% | 1% 8% fase | 1% 25% | 1% o% | ea% | 1% 10 | 30% | 1% 28 28 28 28 32 tow {33 | am we {36 | am 13 | ao% | 2 139% | aa | 2m wa tar | oe 32 16% | 50%) 2 ve ‘Siu lengths for lap joint tanges are ou Ws lus the thickness of two ‘stub ends, 30 (i Lengthotstedbott oes ntincide th eight of te points, STANDARD CAST IRON COMPANION FLANGES AND BOLTS For working pressures up to 126 psi steam, 175 psi WOO) (00 (0, STEEL FLANGES 7 = aeeenee! i “Sa [ee [ee ES sous leeere| esse EXTRA HEAVY CAST IRON COMP; FLANGES AND BOLT: (For working pressures up to 250 pst st sm, 400 pe} WOR) 893 S°Ss $ SEES EEE y |paene beware 99|s9000|00, ae |wexes|eccs, S8|ssepe|s9 TORQUE REQUIRED TOPRODUCE —_ INDICATED BOLT STRESS aaa) SPSL | Tae a tate fobs | eb bee a Po ea | a PROCEDURE FOR APPLICATION OF BOLT TORQUE ON FLANGED JOINTS. STEP 1, ALIGN COMPONENT PARTS AND CLAMP ‘TOGETHER WITH HOLD DOWN, STEP 2, LUBRICATE STUD (OR BOLT) THREADS IN AREA OF NUT (OR FORGED RING) ENGAGEMENT, ALSO LUBRICATE FACE OF NUTS (OR BOLT HEAD) USING A SUITABLE LUBRICANT. STEP 3, INSTALL ALL BOLTS AND NUTS FINGER. ‘TIGHT. STEP 4. NUMBER BOLTS $0 THAT TORQUING RE. QUIREMENTS CAN BE FOLLOWED. STEP 5. “APPLY TORQUE IN 20% (1/5) STEPS OF REQUIRED FINAL TORQUE, LOADING ALL BOLTS AT EACH STEP BEFORE PRO. CEEDING 0 NEXT STEP. STEP 6, TIGHTEN BOLTS IN SEQUENTIAL ORDER 0-180°, 909.2709, 46°.295° & 136°-915° AT BACH’ STEP UNTIL FINAL TORQUE IS REACHED. (SEE ATTACHED SKETCHES) STEP 7. USE ROTATIONAL TIGHTENING UNTIL AUL BOLTS ARE STABLE AT FINAL ‘TORQUE LEVEL. (TWO COMPLETE TIMES AROUND IS USUALLY REQUIRED.) SEB ATTACHED SKETCHES. BOLT TORQUE PROCEDURE L 9 o wo|3 135% % 180° g 2 B-BOLTS SEQUENCIAL ORDER ROTATIONAL ORDER 12 1 34 5 56 3 78 7 2 6 4 8 35, BOLT TORQUE PROCEDURE BOLT TORQUE PROCEDURE 12-BOLTS co 16-BOLTS SEQUENCIAL ORDER ROTATIONAL ORDER Pee SEQUENTIAL ORDER ROTATIONAL ORDER 12 1 34 5 12 1 2 . 56 ° 34 9 10 78 3 56 5 6 910 7 78 13 4 11-12 " 9-10 3 4 2 11-12 11 12 6 13.14 7 8 10 15-16 15 16 4 8 ' 12 { | a7 - 8 88 SEQUENTIAL ORDER BOLT TORQUE PROCEDURE 4 Oee9~ eae 20-BOLTS 2 34. 56 78 910 11-12 1344 15-16 17-18 19-20 ROTATIONAL ORDER SEQUENTIAL ORDER 1-2 34 56 718 9.10 1112 BOLT TORQUE PROCEDURE “%D J5, 9 3 Saar / Que ROTATIONAL ORDER 1344 1 2 15-16 9 10 17-18 7 1B 19-20 5 6 21-22 13 4 23-24 2 22 3 4 " 12 19 20 7 8 5 6 23 24 BOLT TORQUE PROCEDURE be much easier we Alo gy PIPE ALIGNMENT Proper aligoment e ono ofthe mos important taka performed by th pipe te. Itdone corsciy welder ht ane the ay devices are available to aid aligns eT iat ate eee pe Procedures suggeut is mantel ake Boy srasmen und onableyou eau kere ig oy 5 7 32. 80LTS PIPE-TO-PIPE ~ SEQUENTIAL ORDER both pipes and move pipe up und deen gag mhened ac wld oP et Bee te 2 Four nd? he Correct eee 34 Ine pete otek ei azate 56 7-8 s-10 112 : 114 1516 0 i748 1920 » 21-22 Fi 23.24 2526 0° ELsow-ro-p1PE 228 : Face fitting hovel in tine with beve oi oa pease ort «(te Ew ations gon ; stn ry er gm propeelyiabricated. alignment is lificult.and the piping system Move Pipe lengths together until hovel are nearly abutted, it ce relding gap. Center squares on top of il squares are allowing for a 48° ELBOW-TO-PIPE Follow procedure described above except squarce wil otha el ees an iy tne ne gh,the inside acale of the tited aaueré (notes The nae Hand'7‘are used in the Ulustrationy® 2" Alternate Method [se peme procedure to abut pipe and fitting. Center spirit nut ping, Nex, conter 4d shin love! os sce of eho and move elbow until 48° bubbles cone ‘TEE-TO-PIPE ut develo, allowing for welding gap. Tack weld on to Pater square on top of pipe. Place second squat meet ee ‘Toranch outlet. Move'te until squares ans signs a “sp ct} Alternate Method eedure to, abut pipe and Atting. Place BALM pte, 2e loro Conde rale‘on top r pie Blade of square should be parailel with pipe. Check by. ‘measuring with rule at several points nlong the pipe. FLANGE-T0-PIPE Step a. Abut flange to pipe. Align top two holes of fange with ait love Mote Gage antl bubble eee eae yi ‘ne tack weld on top. =—_ Step 2. Genter square on face of flange. Center rule on top of pips Move flange until aguare and pipe ave paralal Toon wold Step 3. Center square on face of ange, Center rule on side of pipe snd align an in Step 2."Tnek both edu “3 ANG FOR SMALL DIAMETER PIPING Many pipe fitters have found this simple jig to be helpful inallening anil dlamatee pend Be {fis made from channel iron approximatoly 9" long. Ue Ya & 1 for pipe nace 134" thea 3 Sen 94 Te ize0 or asllor 0 ESE ‘Mark 90° notch on side of channel ion about 8° from end. 4 al notch on other de y oe ¥ ‘Cut out notches with hack a ‘Heat bottom of channel iron hetween the notches ® ‘Bend channel iron to 90° angle. ® Weld channel irom sides © ‘f Place 90° Long Radius Elbow in jig. Saw half thru both = @) sides’ of channel. iron es shown in illustration. Repeat Place used hack aaw blade With other size clbows so jig in slot to obtain ‘proses may be used for several sizes nt and correct weld "ie lame Tin cp One Hote 2 Wrought short ep G “ur ott ce Ratam Line "I" Hook Ce Aaustable Sold Ring Swivel Type a om Wrought ‘ciews ‘Clamp Welded Boom ‘altachment @ “CCl. Pipe Rott ane Plate single Pipe Rott eye Socket | Anchor Chair ee ‘Chonnet ‘Clamp, | Socket Clamp 45 i ¢ a ay BT AS ye i i i i f Haba | Pa i t i pe STO@WAS ONIGTAM. oIsva 1 ¥ LL , 8 ' sympois FOR PIPE FITTINGS SYMBOLS FOR PIPE FITTINGS COMMONLY USED IN DRAFTING PRACTICE COMMONLY USED IN DRAFTING PRACTICE ruaneo | senweo| car | weno [souveno] - [ ‘| eameeo | seneen | SUS] warty [seamen meen? Le CNG? | | owe Fee |aee fone foc bore x wasate [PFE |e Same (| L) LL feb. Se uuet rt ine i coutiet Ue) | +O-# | +04 | 2-O-€| xOx |o@e. coutet dum | 40-4] +04 1>-0-<| xox | ooo, siet t : ee oontesweee| : Connecting = | —b—~ | —+— |] —C— oo Pe lal ge] om Expansion 49 | | = ex Jes Reducing: L vs Latent - Pe r someone [TE] Tt nn pate | yp +] sue ome | Geer oem |. q + t : educa Manee| > {} pass TIL Pugs if ¢ Bull Plug +1 ° | bla Pipe Ping —«I) ¢ ‘Angle Vaive Redcar c << Pa < 6 Concentric e+ 4-| > pax lame fecontie | ise | | NS [Oe fede. & & & +0 5 OISIAIG SPOu Koliy eWopeN paImsIBouy oic'eos =e seotN - 94 608 = eer 3 = cer os oer = = or oeovorow = 205 B0r0°N oor co 20s 208 o/roon oot oot to S meMSEOON oot oo ore = XEN SCOON = oot oot ‘ore — nso | oot oor vor = osevsz1 oot cor fog = oot oot C4 = oor ser sai = oor set our oseise oot oot 4 = oot oot or ceojovo1w = oor oor sor = = origi O80 oor cor omeouen ew oroeL we “NDO4eL 49 ooBi/o's —ewsI/0024° oo coz 200 ee at wmoxO:t1+49 cOeh/006 — ODEI7O0L! 008 800 ue be noe eozivoce — onsi/agzt co: oe 500 ee rita oprien con eooc/ooe op toe 00 ae oueie “ooeiongen vosi/oosi Oy og 0 Tae oocidozen —optfooa —opelrorst oo oe 200 SIE = eozesoos: —cosevaoee 8 20 nie = eozevooss co veroore oF oe 09 Sole = oozcioos co azyoo ye og so oe = oostiooe ap re/onee oe ao st08 ee = overage one oo 603 BE = oe 209 08 cd = 008 210 soe oisece oe. S00 woe 0 = 002 0 OE eoce oo 10 estos ‘e808 ove sr cot soe oe 50 B20 oe = oo sto 208 Boe = oe, S10 toe BoE ven szo% eouse sto we cg sHSC0'N, oneteost 0 suas sr toe 1u90 10d “sjeeig ssoruieig 30 soshjeuy jeoluoyD S1983S ISIV PIOM 0} Sepo1oe|y Aojeoy, av ——SSeeeee Welding Information ‘The parpose of this section is to provide general information on those welding processes and electrodes most used in construction piping ‘ystems. The nhielded metal are proosss section hes heen expanded arace ‘lain differences between electrode, ‘Shiekied Metal Are Weiding (Stick) SMAW is the most versatile proosss available for joining piping ‘components made of carbon, alloy and stainless sels. A great variety of ‘Proven electrodes exist, the choice of which depends an the dered real. (Carbon Steel E6010 DCRP Alt pesitions, excellent penetration, Especially good for making the root pass. Can be used vertical up or vertical dove All mechenical propertio ised are the minimum requiced by the American Welding Society. ‘Tensile Surengih 62,000 ‘Yield Suength 50,000 Elongation 22% Charpy V-Notsh Impact 20. he @ -20°%, 6012 AG or DCRP, ALL positions. Similar in operation and Penetration to R010 but can also be used om AC current, Both E6010. engl ct be ae to wll sone alan sls wiht low porosity than other types. The same mechanical properties are required by AWS av E6010 but an E6011 will generally give somewhat beter E6012 AC, DCS, ALL Positions. A quiet, stable are end medium ‘Penetration characterize the E6012. Very good fr high speed single ‘welds, but not as versatile in tho vertical or overherd moans Bo010/E6011, ts. Ys. Biong. Cyn Beals AC. DCS, DCR. ALL nat levees ae generally uted where mediam or low penetration sd and 8 finish appearance bs necessary. Like the EOI? they can be'weed ao Brides goon where poor ip exata, Mechanical propane reed ee the ame a for E6012. : E7014 AC, DCS, DCR. All “position, Electrodes of this classification ae very similar to E6012/E6013 but have 1 considerable Amount of ‘iron power in the coating. Smooth operation ‘sppearance, and low penetration are characteristies of tis type, 72,000 60,000 17% Not requited Low Hydrogen Hydrogen introduced into the weld via dirty or wet plac or from the lectrade coating such cause cracking in higher srength atels. Low hydrogen type sleet ostings diminish the problem considerably. However ance opened, the ‘must be stored properly to i content. A8 short E7018, AC, DCR, ALL positions. ‘The B7016 clecrodes give lower penetration than 6010! [E001 ypes and are generally usedin the fa, vera vp, oveteed andhorizona posiions. However, several advantages est sechoe Fighersiengt, beter ductility, an the ailiy to weld a very wide Fange of carbon and low alloy sez, Tey ar also used succeelly inwelding bigh sulfur steels, Min, TensileSwength 72,000 ‘Min. Yield Strength 60,000 Min. Elongation De Min. CN 20 Ibs. at 20°F E7018 AC, DCR All Positions. In addition to the charactritce of the E7016, E7018 electzodes have high icon powder contents ia dren gottngs, which increases current carying capacity and. improve dleporition rates. They are quite versatile and cen be used at high Heal speeds. Low Alloy Stoo! While alley versions of the E6010/E6011 electrodes are avaiable, hey are generally used only in making vertical down welda tn larger diameter lower alloyed components. ‘The E7016/E7018 types have boen elloyed to mach the base metal chemistry and properties of almost all piping steel materials, Becaors of wing the prebeat interpas, and ‘application. ‘Stointess Stoot Generally, a stainless steel electrode exists to matsh every rade ofstainless base metal, Tho table lists the most popular stare {ess grades and the suggested electrode types to weld them, In add tion, there are basically two coating types srallabl 50 PXXXASDCR, Thinconinggivesaconvxbead shape and ‘edit prepericn Setar eons ih Sutthon nth ne ToeXXK AG coatingalewsths aseof ACour Fenagyollasotitngamnoctber seston Srateterbonchoge Gas Tungsten Arc Welding T1G) ‘GTAW iethbes: pescem hee where high quay wld depot ie man tery e's aici wall component ssl The mar drawoueke ts Stomsig GRAW are weiing peed and the requirementatir ger spose bert ‘Therese ie wily ued for welding te rot irs pas, ven thou ‘haji maybe weed ot wl ent reese “hers ae thre main voile that mt be eonidred in inating on ; {Files Meta cnc ie eal ony, nce heal mtchbnosonsy eft mara ae 2) Shiekting Ga. Choosing proper ning einer diice size vaio open and gan afters are mee repens aie inn The iar ons aed are srg, bltms and mates of se XXX18 AC,DeR, lly tha wold doposit {9 Electrode Polarity. AC, DCS, and DOR polarities ar availabe to suit the needa of theattuation Oxy Fuel Welding (Gas) ‘The Oxy fuel welding process maker use ofacambustible gas and oxygen to smelt the bs metal and ier rod. tie 9 sed and true method and wry i wed cousderaly in Jinng ale Gamer components homes poplar ce gui beens the higher heat etait, ine ogtangsten rein opera, bu appicable msl o carbon steele raher than stainoo sd oye, Gas Metal Arc Welding (MIG) “The OMAW ee MIG procoain widely ud besnuzo of weling peo ease of and coseras apt to al posta woking st png ears "ets It frelatvely ipl to automat he process wher telus ceapect. ‘sqplistions warrants Care mat be eure a maniplatn ae reding ‘toto ad lac offs ocld lope ‘Shilling gates are primarily excben dots a carton ditdeargen mix tures fr carb tel anew lays whe argon, he end mites !vailahe fer oon tanlen end higher sleet Tho process gener sly retried to BCR party oly Flux Cored Aro Welding Fe ve iar natin MAD tt env {2g Ayn ingrodiont lag rer, td weld metal purifies ae ul Intnenecfunive Mons nnn saree een ee aT ‘anufacter to weld mont piping nels. Te prceis oappeabines {a Dioaantages Tee etlno gene 60 MINIMUM PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF EGO AND E70 SERIES ELECTRODES. SEs SAO Vala eg ‘6010 162,000 0,000 22 e011 2,000 0,000 2 e012 7,000 5,000 7 e013 57,000 55,000 v7 6029 2,000 50,000 2 6022 57,000 a 7 6027 62,000 0,000 2 E7014 72,000 60,000 v. e015 72,000 60,000 2 E7016 72,000 60,000 2 e018 72,000 50,000 22 E7024 72,000 60,000 v 7027 72,000 60,000 2 E7020 72,000 60,000 2 7040, 72,000 60,000 22 WELDING AND BRAZING TEMPERATURES Carbon Stee! Welding 2700-2790 Stainless Stee! Welding 2490-27307 (cast tron Wal 1920.2500% Copper Welding and Brazing 1980°F ‘Brazing Copper-Siicon with Phospher-Bronze _1850-1900tF Brazing Naval Bronze with Manganese Bronze 1600.1700¢F Siver Solder 1175.1600%F Low Temperature Brazing 1175-1590 Sot Solder 200-730°F Wrought ron 2700.2750°F 6 aund ‘poendsable cnnectons nd change able Remedy Tey revemiog, or an decade of oopuie outbat with ammeter ial, ond arent reconinended fa codrale Boe sieseede holder tl, and ity alae sod rep val part recommendations ‘Considerable overload can be cried only ora thot me ‘Do et operate contin at overind curenta fo lng too narrow in crm | Shoull be large enough to carry walling caveol WAEOR ah Chak ot & ‘Operate ai reduced onde where Compete eiels 100" Fr ‘Check si ile and exhaun openings, ‘Check for one den fe ona (Check asting a ‘ccemtoe oltads op ‘Check. polarity, Seopa is Check cae volage Grow ely Fad Gheck all ‘TROUBLE-SHOOTING TIPS.FOR ARC WELDING on Power cal Hegle piasd “Ambien tmperatre too high T Currant setting oo Nigh Polity wrone “Gable too longo to sal Touching ot gees shock | Prem net rounded Grob oad See Saperater contr tal ‘Baty coco top hh Poo connections Wrong Foy bent Leads ‘Curent too low ito | Any port of Seid creat mar ba hoo ‘Welding are Youd one spattors excessively stops Welding or Horuh STANDARD PIPE DATA “244 | 2526.000 | 0030 428 | I3K3-800 | ‘pose ‘367 | "732'360 | ‘Goss 1950 | 473'910 | “oss x130_|_ 2701030 | ‘0277 7 1678 | 166.620 | sas hy 2272 | Noeers | ors7 i 277 | 30733 | “tos 2 3992 | ag'oig | “1983 Es 5793 | 0.077 | 2487 3 7575 | 19.479 | sea0 3 3109 | i'ses | aise 3 39790 | in3i3. | ceen$ ae 12838 | “3330 3 ier | 338 € rae7e | aaea 3 gesce | 3858 10 doses | faze BARLOW’S FORMULA Barlow's Forinula is used to find the relationship bec as the “outside diameter” formula because it utilizes the outside diameter of the pipe. Bursting tests on commercial steel pipe of the commonly used thick. nesses have shown that Barlow's Formula predicts the Pressure at which the pipe will rupture with an an, curacy well within the limits of uniformity of com. mercial pipe thickness. units pr 8 = unit sivess, pat B= cutside aamoter of pipe, in, 1S wall thickness, in Fe A Ef FI 8 COMMERCIAL PIPE SIZES ‘The following table lista the pipe sizes and wall thicknessca currndy enabling annie Mea and wal 1. The traditional standard weight, extra strong, and double extra strong pipe. Tho pipe wall thickneas schedules listed in American Standans BaeioNoiaen acted ited in American AND WALL THICKNESSES and alloys other than stainless steels. 3. The pipe wall thickneos schedules listed in. American Standatd 380.19, and ASEM Seats, k American fo, corronion resistant: mebeeie {are applicabie 1 Roh Sedge oS ais seach ane male in sizes 12° and emailer) ANSIES6.10 ond 83 noma | ou Sa ee Fe See | oi | SRD [mae] go] seo, acu. [spmnoe | Leama [Seu Tio S| ow {| | se sg [em [pnp | eT a eae S-[ Seo see] = [= [= [829 toes] —Ttooss sos] = {| = | = ess Bass] — [aos oss 8988. “9081 |= Tore) e109 403 — | 3428 BiB “ens forse 0139 gauss] = [BIS $129 “oieo]——oisr esas Gaa3| = [Sse 9188 oasel =o aie 0203 | b203| = | oie 2215 “aai6| 2.300 oes 320 ote 2257 \-azay{ Poa 2.258 | 3380 33 2280 “oan 0.322. $280 10.78 oer 42: oa08 340 ae 36.0 O00 380 362 200 eos, 22.0 = Ed 375 aces 760 : deo s 208 = 320 3a0 | 360 ao [=f -f— tf ~ aan cance anal PE AND WATER WEIGHT PER LINE FOOT x8 WEIGHT OF | i \ i 4 wow oF ow ine weer | re | wae ~ [ee [ealee| 2a] 2a] + [geleelealas— safeafer| % gz | a8 [108 we lala] soled Taslatas ae ga | ia | er + {sa [ea|ge| 3a| Se] « |eefaalaeiee | ale A igeelddetee leant St| a] 34] + [oeyaalaapee | afeajeg 1 ‘eas | zoe | a5 a lee ly les dass ue ee |_Sese | es | Bi] # [82 [Se/S8 |Sesiees| « |elee) fred] sotlaalag 2 Tass | e02e | ave oles fealsa | ae ee aalzele Bu zor | jee | Laas 5 Ag fralsd| ea] 92] + festa] 1 ae | ealgelge % is | ist | Sas zl 4 bei | 1499 498 aierle lele/ela|, lelelek ale lg 3 3 2078 788 ares ® [Rie | 8] 8 alala of #. ie be é war | dase | 1139 sh . hie | aa | ie ka I Pe gar | ey | sees \2/8| 2/8): (lgjge | £88 2 bo | ea | ae acre aslo [eee ry 59.7 724 87.5 El < jolz |

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