Piyush

NAME Pathak

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 CLASS & SECTION XII – B

ROLL NO. 20
Study of the effect of Potassium Bisulphate as
food preservative under various conditions
(temperature, concentration, time, etc.)
TOPIC

DATE OF
SUBMISSION 25/08/2023

Ms. Pritam
TEACHER’S NAME Vishwakarma

TEACHER’S
SIGNATURE

TEACHER’S REMARK

CERTIFICATE

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 This is to certify that Piyush Pathak a
student of Class XII - B, Ryan
International School, Sanpada has
successfully completed the course work of
Chemistry, that is “Study of the effect of
Potassium Bisulphate as food preservative
under various conditions (temperature,
concentration, time, etc.)”under the
guidance of Ms. Pritam
Vishwakarma during 2022-23 in partial
fulfilment of chemistry practical
examination of Central Board of Secondary
Education.
Signature of Internal Examiner:

Signature of External Examiner:

Signature of Principal:

School stamp:

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my sincere and
special gratitude to our Principal Ma’am,
Mrs. Muriel Fernandes of our esteemed
Ryan International School, Sanpada for
always encouraging us to excel in all that we
do. I would like to thank my Chemistry
teacher Ms. Pritam Vishwakarma for her
continuous guidance and encouragement
and
immense motivation which helped me at all
stages of this project. Lastly, I would like to
thank my family and friends for helping me
in the completion of the project.

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 INDEX
Sr.No. Topic Page no.
1. Certificate 3
2. Acknowledgement 4
3. Aim of project 6
4. Introduction 7
5. Cumin essential 9
oil

6. Uses of cumin 10
essential oil
7. Apparatus required 11

8. Method & analysis 14

9. Observation 17
10. Conclusion 19
11. Bibliography 20

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Aim of project
To extract essential oil present in cumin

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Introduction
Cumin is an essential spice in almost all the
culinary preparations such as soups, cakes,
breads, cheeses, etc.
-In this work, we carried out the extraction of
the essential oil of cumin by the /steam
distillation
-The essential oil of the cumin seed powder was
obtained by the Clavenger apparatus, using the
hydro distillation method. The dried powdered
seeds of cumin (160 g) were placed in a
distillation apparatus with 1 L of distilled water
and hydro distilled for three hours. The oil was
then removed and passed through anhydrous
sodium sulfate before storing at 4°C until
analyzed.

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 Cumin
essential oil
Cuminum cyminum, Cumin oil is a powerful
essential oil that can be used for bodily
health and for cooking or as a perfume. Just
as ground cumin is most commonly known

8
for its prominent place on the kitchen spice
rack, Cumin oil is equally as notable for its
culinary contribution. This essential oil can
bring a zest to any savory meal and can
transform a bland dish into a spicy and
flavorful cuisine. In addition to its cooking
uses, it can also be used aromatically in a
diffuser.

Cumin oil uses

1.)If you are in need of quick digestive
relief, take Cumin oil internally to assist
with digestive health.
2.)On cold or rainy days, dilute Cumin
essential oil with doterra Fractionated
Coconut Oil and apply it to the desired areas
of your skin. Cumin oil will provide a
warming sensation that will help you feel
warm and cozy

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 3.)Before you leave your house for a night
out, quickly freshen up with a Cumin
essential oil mouth rinse. Simply add one to
two drops of Cumin oil to four ounces of
water and gargle. This effective mouth rinse
will leave your breath feeling and smelling
fresh and clean.

Apparatus
Required
200g of dried and pulverized cumin plant
seeds
The extraction of the essential oil of
cumin is achieved by using the
hydrodistillation process which lasts 270
min. Knowing that the essential oil is
partially water soluble, we use 10 to 20

10
mL of diethylicether in order to carry out
the separation of the organic phase
containing essential oil (the higher part)
from the aqueous phase (liquid-liquid
extraction type).
A column of the PTE 5 type of 30 meters in
length and an internal diameter of 0.25 mm.
The temperature of the injector is 250 ºC.
The temperature of the column: 70 ºC to 220
ºC at a rate of 2 ºC/min.The carrier gas:
Helium having a flow of
0.9ml/min.Concerning the mass
spectrometry, the detector used is of a
Quadripolar electronic impact type.

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Method and
Analysis
Two hundred grams of old and newly
harvested cumin seeds stored under shade at
room temperature were hydro distilled and

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 prepared for further detection of chemical
and physical properties, including color,
odor, specific gravity, refractive index, acid
value, ester number, peroxide value and
degeneration degree.
1.For Gas Chromatography-Mass
Spectrometry (GC-MS) five hundred grams
of an old and newly harvested dried cumin
seeds were distilled for further detection of
chemical constituents. The extraction of the
essential oil of
cumin is achieved using hydro-distillation
process, after seed crushing, with hydro
distillation apparatus
2.Oil extraction continued for 3 h (until no
more essential oil was obtained). The
essential oil was collected, dried under
anhydrous sodium sulphate and stored at
0˚C for further use.

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3.The composition of the essential oil was
analyzed using gas chromatographymass
spectroscopy technique.
4.The sample was injected using split mode
(Split ratio: 1:100), helium as carrier gas
passed with flow rate 1.69 ml per minute,
the temperature program was started from
50˚C with rate 7˚C per minute to 180˚C then
the rate was changed to 10˚C per minute
reaching 300˚C as final temperature degree,
with 3 min hold time.
5.The injection port temperature was 300˚C, the
ion source temperature was 200˚C and the
interface temperature was 250˚C.The sample
was analyzed.

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 Observation
-We observe that average particle size reduces

recovery from 60 to 93% from 0.9 mm to

0.5 mm which increases theoil

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 -The height of the packaging increases with
still charge and this results in channeling
stream through the mass of plant material, this
reducing oil yield because of poor contact
between steam and charge.

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-As before distillation the seeds are thoroughly
crushed this results in rupturing as many of the cell
walls as possible and render the oil easily accessible
to the passing steam.
-seeds were ground into four different average
particle size lots {0.5,0.7,0.8 and 0.9mm}.

Conclusion
cumin oil are: In conclusion the major
components of the
Aldehyde (27.6%),γ-
teripinen(17.25%),ρmentha-1,3dien-7-

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al(15.18%),β-pinene(10.22%) and ρ-mentha-
1,4-diene-7-al(9.48%).
-Complete process takes place within 6-7 hours
-After the process is completed the oil is then
distributed in the market for different purposes.

Bibliography
1.)https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agric
ultural-and-biological-sciences/steam-
distillation#:~:text=of%20the
%20technology,Steam%20distillation%20is
%20a%20process%2

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0used%20for%20the%20recovery%20of,et
%20a
l.%2C%202008).
2.)https://www.toppr.com/guides/chemistry/s
olutions/steam-distillation-principleadvantages-
how-it-works/
3.)https://asianjournalofchemistry.co.in/User/
ViewFreeArticle.aspx?ArticleID=24_5_15#:~:
text=The%20extraction%20of%20the%20essen
tial%20oil%20of%20cumin%20is
%20achieved,p rocess%20which%20lasts
%20270%20min.

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