Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1 Globalization
Leslie Hamilton
2 The Global Economy
Steven Gregory
3 Analysing Global Industries
Leslie Hamilton
4 The Global Business Environment
Leslie Hamilton
5 Corporate Social Responsibility
Philip Webster
6 Assessing Country Attractiveness
Philip Webster
Glossary
Index
Detailed contents
List of figures
List of tables
List of cases
Guide to the book
How to use this book
How to use the online resources
About the authors
Contributors
Map of the world
1 Globalization
Leslie Hamilton
The Process of Globalization
Globalization is Not Global (Yet)
The Indicators of Globalization
Financial Flows
Migration
Globalization is All-pervasive
The Drivers of Globalization
Barriers to Globalization
Cultural and Geographical Distance
The Benefits and Costs of Globalization for Business
2 The Global Economy
Steven Gregory
Introduction
Measuring the Size of the Global Economy
GDP as an Indicator of the Standard of Living
Economic Growth
The Changing World Economy
International Trade
Trade Intervention
Exchange Rates
3 Analysing Global Industries
Leslie Hamilton
Introduction
The Market and the Industry
Market Structures
Market Power
Measuring Market Concentration
Analysing Industries—A Framework
4 The Global Business Environment
Leslie Hamilton
Introduction
The External Environment
Opportunities and Threats
Scanning the Environment
The Macro-environment
Political and Legal Environment
Economic and Financial Environment
Socio-cultural Environment
Technological Environment
The Ecological Environment
5 Corporate Social Responsibility
Philip Webster
Introduction
Debates about CSR
The Moral Case for CSR
The Business Case
Global CSR
Whose Standards?
The Ten Principles
Corruption
Child Labour
Sustainable Development Goals
The Sustainable Development Goals and Business
6 Assessing Country Attractiveness
Philip Webster
Introduction
The Internationalization Process
The Reasons for FDI
Screening and Evaluating Foreign Markets
Collecting Data
International Data Problems
The Process of Assessing Country Attractiveness
Glossary
Index
List of figures
Figure 1.1 Largest EU investments in the UK (2014)
Figure 1.2 Largest outward investment in the EU from the UK
(2014)
Figure 1.3 UK nationals living in other EU countries (2015)
Figure 1.4 EU nationals living in the UK (2015)
Figure 1.5 World merchandise export share (%)
Figure 1.6 Routes, one belt one road
Figure 1.7 Trade in merchandise and commercial services
Figure 1.8 Growth in world goods exports by volume and real GDP
growth (%)
Figure 1.9 Growth in volume of merchandise exports by region
(Index 2012 = 100)
Figure 1.10 Growth in the value of commercial services exports by
category (%)
Figure 1.11 Top ten economies—portfolio investment assets 2016
($trn)
Figure 1.12 FDI inflows 2005–18 ($bn)—pie chart includes
percentages
Figure 1.13 FDI Inflows—the top 20 host economies 2015 and 2016
(US$bn)
Figure 1.14 FDI outflows—the top 20 source economies 2015 and
2016 (US$bn)
Figure 1.15 Google revenue and income ($m)
Figure 1.16 Number of illegal migrants in EU and EFTA 2016
Figure 1.17 UK exports of products to the EU, 2015
Figure 2.1 Percentage of world GDP
Figure 2.2 GDP level, 2010 ($USbn)
Figure 2.3 GDP per capita level, 2010 ($US)
Figure 3.1 Food—top ten global firms market share (%)
Figure 3.2 Porter’s ‘Five Forces’ model
Figure 3.3 Headquarters of top ten agrichemical companies 2015
Figure 3.4 Expected revenues for seed and pesticide companies
in 2017
Figure 3.5 Agrichemical industry number of plant-related patents
approved and denied (end 2015)
Figure 3.6 Global internet advertising market (US$bn), by region
Figure 3.7 Global market shares tobacco industry 2016
Figure 4.1 Number of Apple Suppliers by Country
Figure 4.2 Strategy
Figure 4.3 The stakeholder view of the corporation
Figure 4.4 Stakeholder mapping
Figure 4.5 The external environment
Figure 4.6 Annual growth rate per cent
Figure 4.7 Percentage mobile penetration by region 2005–17
Figure 4.8 Proportion of youth (15–24) using the internet, 2017
Figure 4.9 The biggest online platforms have user bases on a par
with the populations of the world’s biggest countries
Figure 5.1 Corruption Perceptions Index 2017
Figure 6.1 World urban and rural population
Figure 6.2 The 12 pillars of competitiveness
Figure 6.3 Country assessment
Figure 7.1 Growth of religions worldwide
Figure 7.2 Social expenditure, percentage of GDP 1960, 1990,
and 2016
Figure 7.3 Social expenditure by policy area as percentage of
GDP 2015
Figure 7.4 Social protection spending as a percentage of total
government expenditure, 2015
Figure 7.5 Inflows of asylum seekers into European countries, per
1,000 population 2015/16
Figure 7.6 Percentage of population aged 60 or older in 2050
Figure 7.7 World and regional youth unemployment rates (15–24
years)
Figure 7.8 Annual deaths attributable to AMR by 2050
Figure 8.1 IoT connected devices installed base worldwide from
2015 to 2025 (in billions)
Figure 8.2 Number of smartphone users worldwide from 2014 to
2020 (billions)
Figure 8.3 China—number of users of digital platforms
Figure 8.4 Global sales of navigation devices in 2015 by region
Figure 8.5 Annual growth in global air traffic passenger demand
from 2007 to 2017
Figure 8.6 R&D expenditures of foreign firms as a percentage of
total business R&D expenditure in OECD member
countries, 1999–2011, unweighted median and mean
Figure 8.7 Percentage of business R&D financed from abroad
2000–2012
Figure 9.1 Average corporate tax rates
Figure 10.1 Legal systems across the world
Figure 10.2 Apple: tax avoidance and state aid
Figure 10.3 Above and beyond the legal NOx limits
Figure 11.1 Deutsche Bank cross-border interconnections
Figure 11.2 World inflation rate—consumer prices (%)
Figure 11.3 Interest rates advanced and emerging economies (%)
Figure 11.4 Volume and value of cross-border payments 2012–22
Figure 11.5 Bank account penetration worldwide 2014
Figure 11.6 Number and value of mergers ($m) pre- and post-crisis
Figure 11.7 How the system works.
Figure 11.8 The ten banks that requested most offshore companies
for clients
Figure 11.9 Value of asset-backed securities 1999–2009 (€billion)
Figure 11.10 US Department of Justice fines on banks ($bn)
Figure 11.11 Global shadow banking assets
Figure 11.12 Share of global shadow banking assets 2015 (%)
Figure 11.13 Commercial banks and market-based holdings of US
home mortgages
Figure 12.1 Rising CO2 levels
Figure 12.2 Global air temperature
List of tables
Table 1.1 Share of UK Trade 2015
Table 1.2 Comparison of UK and EU Trade
Table 1.3 The world’s top 20 non-financial MNCs, ranked by
foreign assets $bn, 2016
Table 1.4 The big digital connectors 2016/17
Table 1.5 US world ranking trade and investment
Table 2.1 Gross domestic product, 2017 (IMF estimates)
Table 2.2 Economic growth (annual percentage change in GDP)
Table 2.3 The middle class: size and distribution
Table 2.4 When will the emerging markets countries hit their
sweet spots? (projected)
Table 2.5 World exports of merchandise and commercial services
2010–16 (billion dollars and percentage)
Table 2.6 Leading exporters and importers in world merchandise
trade 2016 (billion dollars and percentage)
Table 2.7 Leading exporters and importers in world service trade
2016 (billion dollars and percentage)
Table 2.8 Intra- and inter-regional merchandise trade 2015 (billion
dollars)
Table 2.9 GATT/WTO rounds
Table 2.10 The MENA countries
Table 3.1 Types of market structure
Table 3.2 Global market share of smartphones Q4 2017 (%)
Table 3.3 Rank and value of international brands 2017
Table 4.1 Average tariffs on imports 2016
Table 4.2 Total gross domestic product 2017 ($US trillion at
current prices)
Table 5.1 UN Global Compact principles
Table 5.2 Sustainable development goals
Table 6.1 The traditional model of internationalization
Table 6.2 Reasons for investing
Table 6.3 Income thresholds for establishing stages of
development
Table 6.4 Global Competitiveness Index rankings 2017–18
Table 6.5 Economic Freedom Index 2018 (%)
Table 6.6 The ten global risks of highest concern
Table 6.7 Factors affecting investment decisions (% of
respondents)
Table 6.8 Country attractiveness grid
Table 7.1 The gender gap in Saudi Arabia
Table 7.2 Country ranking based on annual averages of working
days not worked due to labour disputes, per 1,000
employees in all industries and services
Table 7.3 Muslims as a percentage of population in selected
Western European countries
Table 7.4 Health indicators 2015
Table 7.5 World population 1950, 1975, 2017, 2030
Table 7.6 The ten most populous countries (millions)
Table 7.7 Public social expenditure (as a percentage of GDP)
Table 8.1 Top 10 global innovators in 2016, by sector
Table 8.2 Share of total global R&D spending 2014–16
Table 8.3 Top 10 global companies by R&D expenditure, 2016
278
Table 8.4 Apple’s performance 2005–2016
Table 8.5 The ten biggest R&D spenders, 2013
Table 8.6 RIM/BlackBerry’s performance 2005–15
Table 9.1 General government expenditures as a percentage of
GDP
Table 9.2 Tax revenue as a percentage of GDP
Table 10.1 Saudi Arabia—legal system and business
Table 10.2 The ten highest cartel fines by company
Table 11.1 World’s top ten banks by assets
Table 11.2 Bank rescues 2007/08
List of cases
Chapter 1:
Case Study Brexit—reconfiguring cross-border links
Mini Case Study 1.1 One belt one road
Mini Case Study 1.2 The digital connectors
Mini Case Study 1.3 Globalization—divergence and convergence
Mini Case Study 1.4 President Trump and globalization
Case Study Brexit and the car industry
Chapter 2:
Case Study China and the global economy
Mini Case Study 2.1 Illegal and illicit trades, tax havens, and the
global economy
Mini Case Study 2.2 Intra-firm trade and transfer pricing—is this
really trade?
Mini Case Study 2.3 Afghanistan’s entry to the WTO
Case Study Middle East and North African economies
Chapter 3:
Case Study Food industry restructuring
Mini Case Study 3.1 Netflix: the streaming giant
Mini Case Study 3.2 Consolidation in agrichemicals
Mini Case Study 3.3 Customer power
Mini Case Study 3.4 Complementary products: sharing the pie
Case Study ‘The tobacco industry should be dead by now’
Chapter 4:
Case Study Apple and the global environment—opportunities and
challenges
Mini Case Study 4.1 Brexit, uncertainty, and finance
Mini Case Study 4.2 The law and personal data
Mini Case Study 4.3 Brazil—resentment, rage, depression
Mini Case Study 4.4 Technological disruption and the Fang
Case Study Uber, the environment bites back
Chapter 5:
Case Study Can you afford an iPhone?
Mini Case Study 5.1 NGOs and sexual exploitation
Mini Case Study 5.2 Unilever and sustainability
Mini Case Study 5.3 Cocoa production in West Africa
Mini Case Study 5.4 Rwanda and the Sustainable Development
Goals
Case Study Corruption in Cambodia
Chapter 6:
Case Study Netflix and international expansion
Mini Case Study 6.1 China and Brazil—FDI and trade
Mini Case Study 6.2 Investing in Italy
Mini Case Study 6.3 Doing business in South Africa
Case Study Indonesia
Chapter 7:
Case Study Saudi Arabia: Women and the labour market
Mini Case Study 7.1 Can Coca-Cola sell tea to China?
Mini Case Study 7.2 Testing Hofstede
Mini Case Study 7.3 Hofstede and marketing
Mini Case Study 7.4 Youth unemployment—a social time bomb
Case Study Superbugs
Chapter 8:
Case Study The rise of the ‘Internet of Things’
Mini Case Study 8.1 Data are the new oil
Mini Case Study 8.2 China and the Internet
Mini Case Study 8.3 GPS technology: a threat to minds and safety?
Mini Case Study 8.4 Automation and commercial aviation
Mini Case Study 8.5 The global crisis and R&D
Case Study The rise of Apple and fall of RIM
Chapter 9:
Case Study Fake news, technology, and the electoral process
Mini Case Study 9.1 Hungary
Mini Case Study 9.2 Private prisons—the shadow state?
Mini Case Study 9.3 The ‘revolving door’
Case Study The Arab Spring and the refugee crisis in Syria
Chapter 10:
Case Study Airbnb and the law
Mini Case Study 10.1 South Africa
Mini Case Study 10.2 Saudi Arabia and international business
Mini Case Study 10.3 Facebook and the law
Mini Case Study 10.4 Apple versus the European Commission
Case Study A tale of two regulators
Chapter 11:
Case Study Deutsche Bank—too big to fail
Mini Case Study 11.1 Bitcoin
Mini Case Study 11.2 Panama Papers and the banks
Mini Case Study 11.3 Day of reckoning for the bankers?
Mini Case Study 11.4 Shadow banking and the next crisis?
Case Study US banks and the financial crisis
Chapter 12:
Case Study The air that we breathe
Mini Case Study 12.1 Assessing the risks
Mini Case Study 12.2 Plan A or Plan B?
Mini Case Study 12.3 Ozone depletion
Mini Case Study 12.4 The EU’s climate change strategy
Case Study Economic growth and environmental risks
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
Gli scherzi allora, il conversar, le risa
Scoppiettavan graditi in mezzo a loro;
Però che onor l’agreste musa avesse.
22.
23. Gli Ateniesi sono così dal Poeta chiamati Thesidæ da Teseo re, che
primo ridusse dagli sparsi villaggi entro la città che circondò di mura.
25.
27.
28.
29.
30. Traduco:
31.
35. Se taluno avrà cantato innanzi al popolo, o avrà fatto carme che rechi
infamia o offesa altrui, venga punito di bastone.
36.
37.
39.
40.
41. «E che? colui che soccorse la Republica, la sostenne e rassodò tra gli
Argivi.... dubbia l’impresa, non dubitò però espor la sua vita, nè curarsi
del capo suo.... d’animo sommo in somma guerra e di sommo ingegno
adornato.... o Padre! queste cose vidi io ardere. O ingrati Argivi, o Greci
inconseguenti, immemori del beneficio!... Lo lasciate esulare, lo lasciate
espellere, ed espulso, il sopportate.»
42.
43.
44. Tom. II. pl. 3 nella nota 7. Vedi anche Plutarco Simp. IX 14.
45.
47.
48.
49.
50. Chi poi abbia introdotto le maschere, i prologhi, la moltitudine degli attori
ed altrettali cose, si ignora. — Della Poetica, cap. V.
51.
Se dì solenne a festeggiar talvolta,
D’erbe un teatro si compone e nota
Una commedia [52] recitar si ascolta,
In cui l’attor pallida al volto e immota
Maschera tien dalla beante bocca,
Il bimbo, di terror pinta la gota,
Nel sen materno si nasconde.
54.
55. Plinio, Nat. Hist. lib. 19. 5. 46, fa sapere che ne’ grandi spettacoli della
Grecia Nemea venisse data al vincitore una corona di appio, erba
palustre, detta anche, helioselinum.
61.
62.
65. «Non comprendo di che abbia egli a temere, da che sì bei settenari egli
reciti al suono della tibia.»
67.
69.
72.
73.
Sovente ancora
Il medesmo color diffuso intorno
È dal sommo de’ corpi; e l’aureo velo,
E le purpuree e le sanguigne spesso
Ciò fanno, allor che ne’ teatri augusti
Son tese, o sventolando in su l’antenne
Ondeggian fra le travi: ivi il consesso
Degli ascoltanti; ivi la scena e tutte
Le immagini de’ padri e delle madri
E degli dei di color vario ornate
Veggonsi fluttuare, e quanto più
Han d’ogni intorno le muraglie chiuse,
Sicchè da’ lati del teatro alcuna
Luce non passi, tanto più cosperse
Di grazia e di lepor ridon le cose
Di dentro, ecc.
Trad. Marchetti.
74. «Avanti tutti, Gneo Pompeo col far iscorrere le acque per le vie, temperò
l’ardore estivo.» Lib. II. c. 496.
75. «Oggi per avventura credi più sapiente quegli che trovò come con latenti
condotti si porti a immensa altezza e si sprizzi acqua profumata di
zafferano.»
76.
77.
78.
80. «A Marco Olconio Rufo, figlio di Marco, duumviro incaricato per la quinta
volta dell’amministrazione della giustizia, quinqueviro per la seconda
volta, tribuno dei soldati eletto dal popolo, flamine d’Augusto, patrono
della colonia, per decreto de’ decurioni.»
81. «Marco Olconio Rufo e Marco Olconio Celere a propria spesa eressero
una cripta, un tribunale, un teatro a lustro della Colonia.»
87.
88.
89.
90.
94.
LA NUTRICE.
MEDEA.
Resta Medea.
TESEO.
FEDRA.
96.
100.
103.
104.
110. Cap. V.
111. «Egualmente sono a lui dovuti e il tempio della gente Flavia e uno stadio
e un odeum ed una naumachia, delle cui pietre di poi valsero alla
riparazione del gran circo, i due lati del quale erano stati incendiati.»
112. I giuochi di Achille in onor di Patroclo sono narrati nel libro XXIII
dell’Iliade.
113.
119. «Cajo Quinzio Valgo figlio e Marco Porcio figlio di Marco Duumviri
Quinquennali, hanno per onore della Colonia costruito col proprio
denaro l’anfiteatro, concedendone ai Coloni il posto in perpetuità.»
121. Cajo Cuspio Pansa figlio di Cajo, padre, Duumviro per la giustizia,
quattroviro quinquennale, prefetto, per decreto de’ Decurioni, al
mantenimento della legge Petronia.
122. Gli scavi ripresi nel 1813 e durati fino al 1816 lo misero interamente alla
luce, come trovasi di presente.
123. «Il Patrono del sobborgo Augusto Felice sopra i ludi per decreto de’
decurioni — T. Atullio Celere figlio di Cajo Duumviro sopra i ludi, le porte
e la costruzione de’ cunei, per decreto de’ Decurioni. — Lucio Saginio,
Duumviro, incaricato dalla giustizia fece, per Decreto de’ Decurioni, gli
aditi. — Nonio Istacidio figlio di Nonio, cilice, Duumviro sopra i ludi fe’ gli
aditi. — Aulo Audio Rufo figlio di Aulo Duumviro sopra i ludi, e fe’ gli
aditi. — Marco Cantrio Marcello figlio di Marco Duumviro sopra i ludi e
fece tre cunei, per decreto de’ Decurioni.»
124. Io ho creduto di tradurre sopra i ludi e non pour les jeux, come tradusse
Bréton, e la parola lumina, non come il Garrucci e il Mommsen e altri per
illuminazione, ma per aditi, cioè i vomitorj, porte e spiragli de’
sotterranei, perchè mi parve più naturale e probabile che coi cunei si
facessero i relativi aditi, androni ecc., e nel diritto romano si trovi sempre
usata la parola lumina per indicare le finestre. Così anche l’abate
Romanelli.
127.
131.
132.
133.
135.
Gli abbattimenti
Colla sinopia, e col carbon dipinti,
Quand’io talor di Rutuba, di Flavio,
O di Placideian, a gamba tesa
Stommi a guatar, qual se verace fosse,
Di que’ prodi il pugnare, il mover l’arme,
Lo schermirsi, il ferir....
Trad. Gargallo.
138.
139. «I Campani, per odio de’ Sanniti, armarono di quelle ricche spoglie i
gladiatori, che appellarono col nome di Sanniti.»
140.
142.
143.
144. Atto V.
145. Nat. hist. lib. XXXIV. «Fece un ferito morente, in cui si potesse
comprendere quanto in lui restasse ancora di anima.»
149. Bond, scoliaste d’Orazio, le vuol dette Ambubaje dall’essere per ebrietà
balbuzienti.
150.
151.
152. A Gargallo mi sono sostituito, non avendo egli serbato fedeltà al primo
verso d’Orazio, che tradusse:
153.
158. In Domitianum, c. V.
159.
164.
167. In Galbam, c. 6.
171. In Domit. c. 4.
172.
173.
182. La camicia di tela che usiamo noi, imitò l’uso ed il nome dal camiss
persiano, e pare introdotta verso la metà del xii secolo.
183.