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ScoutAutomatedPrintCode
Student Edition
ISBN 10: 0135811929
ISBN 13: 9780135811924
In Memory of Mary . . .
Wife and Mother
Contents
Three Distinct Series xvi
R Review 1
R.1 Real Numbers 2
Work with Sets • Classify Numbers • Evaluate Numerical Expressions
• Work with Properties of Real Numbers
R.4 Polynomials 41
Recognize Monomials • Recognize Polynomials • Add and Subtract Polynomials
• Multiply Polynomials • Know Formulas for Special Products • Divide
Polynomials Using Long Division • Work with Polynomials in Two Variables
ix
x Contents
2 Graphs 162
2.1 The Distance and Midpoint Formulas 163
Use the Distance Formula • Use the Midpoint Formula
Answers AN1
Photo Credits C1
Subject Index I1
Three Distinct Series to Meet Varied
Instructional Needs
Students have different goals, learning styles, and levels of preparation. Instructors
have different teaching philosophies, styles, and techniques. Rather than write one
series to fit all, the Sullivans have written three distinct series. All share the same
goal—to develop a high level of mathematical understanding and an appreciation
for the way mathematics can describe the world around us. The manner of reaching
that goal, however, differs from series to series.
Flagship Series
The Flagship Series is the most traditional in approach, yet modern in its treatment
of precalculus mathematics. In each text, needed review material is included and is
referenced when it is used. Graphing utility coverage is optional and can be included
or excluded at the discretion of the instructor. Texts in this series are College Algebra,
Algebra & Trigonometry, Trigonometry: A Unit Circle Approach, and Precalculus.
xvi
The Enhanced with Graphing
Utilities Series
College Algebra, Eighth Edition
COLLEGE ALGEBRA
This text provides an approach to college algebra Enhanced with Graphing Utilities
that completely integrates graphing technology Eighth Edition
xviii
Preface to the Instructor xix
• Graphing Utility Screen Captures – In several instances New Within MyLab Math
we have added Desmos screen captures along with the
• Setup & Solve Exercises require students to show how
TI-84 Plus CE screen captures. These updated screen
they set up a problem as well as the solution, better
captures provide alternative ways of visualizing concepts
mirroring what is required of them on tests. We have
and making connections between equations, data, and
included both the “traditional” and Setup & Solve
graphs in full color.
versions of exercise within MyLab to provide you with
more options for assessing students.
Content Changes • Integrated Review content and assessments help you
Chapter R provide students with the remediation they need, when
• Section R.8 Objective 3 now includes rationalizing the they need it. Integrated Review consists of:
numerator. Problems 69–76 provide practice. Skills Check Quizzes by chapter assess the prerequisite
skills students need for that chapter.
Chapter 1
Skills Review Homework, again by chapter, is
• Section 1.1 has been reorganized to only include an personalized (based on the results of the Skills
introduction to graphing and graphing utilities. Check Quiz) to provide students with help on the
Chapter 2 prerequisite skills they are lacking. Students receive
just the help they need—no more, no less.
• NEW Section 2.1 The Distance and Midpoint Formulas
Intermediate Algebra eText, Exercises, Videos, and
• NEW Section 2.2 Example 5 Testing an Equation for
Worksheets—For students who need more help (or
Symmetry
for co-requisite courses), we’ve included the contents
Chapter 3 of a streamlined Intermediate Algebra course within
this MyLab course. There’s no need to go elsewhere
• NEW Section 3.1 Objective 1 Describe a Relation
for remediation.
NEW Example 1 Describing a Relation demonstrates
• Interactive Figures (formerly titled Guided Visualizations)
using the Rule of Four to express a relation numerically,
have been expanded to support teaching and learning.
as a mapping, and graphically given a verbal description.
The figures (created in GeoGebra by author Michael
• NEW Section 3.2 Example 4 Expending Energy Sullivan III) illustrate key concepts and allow
Chapter 4 manipulation. They have been designed to be used in
lecture as well as by students independently.
• Section 4.3 now introduces the concept of concavity for
a quadratic function. • Enhanced Sample Assignments are pre-made section-
level assignments that address key concepts within
• NEW Section 4.3 Example 3 Graphing a Quadratic
the section and help keep previously learned skills
Function Using Its Vertex, Axis, and Intercepts
fresh with RetainYour Knowledge questions. They are
• Section 4.3 Example 8 Analyzing the Motion of a assignable and editable.
Projectile (formerly in Section 4.4)
• NEW Section 4.4 Example 4 Fitting a Quadratic
Using the Eighth Edition Effectively with
Function to Data
Your Syllabus
Chapter 5
To meet the varied needs of diverse syllabi, this text
• Previous Section 5.1 has been revised and split into two contains more content than is likely to be covered in a
sections: College Algebra course. As the chart illustrates, this text
5.1 Polynomial Functions has been organized with flexibility of use in mind. Within a
5.2 Graphing Polynomial Functions; Models given chapter, certain sections are optional (see the details
that follow the accompanying figure) and can be omitted
• NEW Section 5.2 Example 2 Graphing a Polynomial
without loss of continuity.
Function (a 4th degree polynomial function)
Chapter 6 R 1
Chapter 3 Functions and Their Graphs Chapter 9 Sequences; Induction; The Binomial
This is perhaps the most important chapter. Section 3.6 is Theorem
optional. There are three independent parts: Sections 9.1–9.3,
Section 9.4, and Section 9.5.
Chapter 4 Linear and Quadratic Functions
Topic selection depends on your syllabus. Sections 4.2 and Chapter 10 Counting and Probability
4.4 may be omitted without loss of continuity. The sections follow in sequence.
Acknowledgments
Texts are written by authors, but they evolve from idea to for their continued confidence and personal support of
final form through the efforts of many people. our texts.
Thanks are due to the following people for their assistance • Accuracy checkers: Roger Lipsett read the entire
and encouragement during the preparation of this edition: manuscript and checked the accuracy of answers.
• From Pearson Education: Dawn Murrin, for her substantial Timothy Britt created the Solutions Manuals and
support, dedication, and energy; Jeff Weidenaar for his accuracy-checked answers.
attention to detail, experience, editorial expertise, and • Michael Sullivan III would like to thank his colleagues
genuine interest in this project; Peggy McMahon for at Joliet Junior College for their support and feedback.
directing the always difficult production process; Rose
Finally, we offer our sincere thanks to the dedicated
Kernan for handling liaison between the compositor
users and reviewers of our texts, whose collective insights
and author; Stacey Sveum and Jordan Longoria for their
form the backbone of each text revision.
creative and enthusiastic marketing this text; Marcia
The list of those to whom we are indebted continues to
Horton for her continued support and genuine interest;
grow. If we’ve forgotten anyone, please accept our apology.
Paul Corey for his leadership and commitment to
Thank you to all.
excellence; and Peggy Lucas and the Pearson sales team
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Preface to the Instructor xxi
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Wisconsin–Platteville Charla Holzbog, Denison High School James McLaughlin, West Chester University
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College Miles Hubbard, St. Cloud State University David Meel, Bowling Green State University
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Karen R. Dougan, University of Florida College Michael Miller, Iowa State University
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College at Jacksonville College Chris Mirbaha, The Community College of
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Paul D. East, Lexington Community College Tuesday Johnson, New Mexico State Val Mohanakumar, Hillsborough Community
Don Edmondson, University of Texas-Austin University College
Erica Egizio, Joliet Junior College Susitha Karunaratne, Purdue University North Thomas Monaghan, Naperville North High
Jason Eltrevoog, Joliet Junior College Central School
Christopher Ennis, University of Minnesota Moana H. Karsteter, Tallahassee Community Miguel Montanez, Miami Dade College,
Kathy Eppler, Salt Lake Community College College Wolfson Campus
Ralph Esparza, Jr., Richland College Donna Katula, Joliet Junior College Maria Montoya, Our Lady of the Lake
Garret J. Etgen, University of Houston Arthur Kaufman, College of Staten Island University
Scott Fallstrom, Shoreline Community College Thomas Kearns, North Kentucky University Susan Moosai, Florida Atlantic University
Pete Falzone, Pensacola Junior College Jack Keating, Massasoit Community College Craig Morse, Naperville North High School
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Said Fariabli, San Antonio College Rachael Kenney, North Carolina State University
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Champaign Penelope Kirby, Florida State University Tammy Muhs, University of Central Florida
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College Lynne Kowski, Raritan Valley Community Richard Nadel, Florida International
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Community College Birmingham Bill Naegele, South Suburban College
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Richard A. Fritz, Moraine Valley Keith Kuchar, Manatee Community College Lawrence E. Newman, Holyoke Community
Community College Tor Kwembe, Chicago State University College
Dewey Furness, Ricks College Linda J. Kyle, Tarrant Country Jr. College Dwight Newsome, Pasco-Hernando
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Tina Garn, University of Arizona Campus James Nymann, University of Texas-El Paso
Dawit Getachew, Chicago State University Harriet Lamm, Coastal Bend College Mark Omodt, Anoka-Ramsey Community
Wayne Gibson, Rancho Santiago College James Lapp, Fort Lewis College College
Loran W. Gierhart, University of Texas at San Matt Larson, Lincoln Public Schools Seth F. Oppenheimer, Mississippi State
Antonio and Palo Alto College Christopher Lattin, Oakton Community University
Robert Gill, University of Minnesota Duluth College Leticia Oropesa, University of Miami
Nina Girard, University of Pittsburgh at Julia Ledet, Lousiana State University Linda Padilla, Joliet Junior College
Johnstown Wayne Lee, St. Phillips CC Sanja Pantic, University of Illinois at Chicago
Sudhir Kumar Goel, Valdosta State University Adele LeGere, Oakton Community College E. James Peake, Iowa State University
Adrienne Goldstein, Miami Dade College, Kevin Leith, University of Houston Kelly Pearson, Murray State University
Kendall Campus JoAnn Lewin, Edison College Dashamir Petrela, Florida Atlantic University
Joan Goliday, Sante Fe Community College Jeff Lewis, Johnson County Community Philip Pina, Florida Atlantic University
Lourdes Gonzalez, Miami Dade College, College Charlotte Pisors, Baylor University
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College Virginia McCarthy, Iowa State University Neal C. Raber, University of Akron
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Mary Beth Grayson, Liberty University Michael McClendon, University of Central Aibeng Serene Radulovic, Florida Atlantic
Jennifer L. Grimsley, University of Charleston Oklahoma University
Ken Gurganus, University of North Carolina Tom McCollow, DeVry Institute of Ken A. Rager, Metropolitan State College
Igor Halfin, University of Texas-San Antonio Technology Traci Reed, St. Johns River State College
James E. Hall, University of Wisconsin- Marilyn McCollum, North Carolina State Kenneth D. Reeves, San Antonio College
Madison University Elsi Reinhardt, Truckee Meadows Community
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Edward R. Hancock, DeVry Institute of Will McGowant, Howard University Jose Remesar, Miami Dade College, Wolfson
Technology Angela McNulty, Joliet Junior College Campus
Julia Hassett, DeVry Institute, Dupage Lisa Meads, College of the Albemarle Jane Ringwald, Iowa State University
Christopher Hay-Jahans, University of South Laurence Maher, North Texas State Douglas F. Robertson, University of
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Celeste Hernandez, Richland College Rebecca Mann, Apollo High School School
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University at Eunice Sherry Martina, Naperville North High School Mike Rosenthal, Florida International
Brother Herron, Brother Rice High School Ruby Martinez, San Antonio College University
xxii Preface to the Instructor
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Michael Sullivan
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Michael Sullivan III
Joliet Junior College
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Milligrams of Chemical per
Liter of Air,
Chemical Intensity of Odor
Quite Very
Detectable Faint Strong
Noticeable Strong
Amyl acetate 0.039 0.053 0.067 0.478 1.326
Ethyl acetate 0.686 1.224 2.219 4.457 6.733
Amyl alcohol 0.225 0.300 0.442 1.581 2.167
Butyric acid 0.009 0.021 0.066 0.329 0.580
Valeric acid 0.029 0.119 0.523 1.394 4.036
Ethyl ether 5.833 10.167 14.944 17.6667 60.600
Butyl 0.018 0.037 0.055 0.120 0.177
mercaptan
Isobutyl 0.008 0.018 0.025 0.041 0.060
mercaptan
Ethyl 0.046 0.088 0.186 0.357 0.501
mercaptan
Propyl 0.006 0.020 0.028 0.043 0.054
mercaptan
Amyl thioether 0.001 0.007 0.0115 0.012 0.015
Ethyl thioether 0.012 0.042 0.107 0.223 0.271
Allyl 0.008 0.012 0.024 0.030 0.201
isothiocyanate
Methyl 0.015 0.039 0.067 0.108 0.144
isothiocyanate
Amyl 0.012 0.018 0.039 0.072 0.082
isovalerate
Carbon 4.533 9.222 10.024 31.333 38.444
tetrachloride
Chloroform 3.300 6.800 12.733 28.833 46.666
[40]
Iodoform 0.018
Artificial musk 0.00004[41]
Nitrobenzene 0.146 0.178 0.222 0.563 1.493
Phenyl 0.002 0.005 0.013 0.042 0.105
isocyanide
Milligrams of Chemical per
Liter of Air,
Chemical Intensity of Odor
Quite Very
Detectable Faint Strong
Noticeable Strong
Pyridine 0.032 0.146 0.301 2.265 5.710
Methyl 0.100 0.145 0.179
1.526[42]
salicylate
Oil of 0.024 0.032 0.109 0.332 0.348
peppermint
Touch Method. This method consists of dipping a small glass rod drawn to a needle-
like end to the depth of 1 mm. in the compound and then quickly touching the skin. The
method is qualitative only.
Use of Solutions. Alcohol, kerosene, olive oil, carbon tetrachloride and other solvents
may be used for the purpose of determining the lowest effective concentration of a
substance, and for the determination of the relative skin irritant efficiencies of various
compounds. Since the skin irritants were scarcely ever used in this form in the field, that
is, in solution, the method is not as satisfactory as the vapor method.
CHAPTER XXII
CHEMICAL WARFARE IN RELATION TO
STRATEGY AND TACTICS[43]