PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY 3 ESO UNIT 5 CHEMICAL REACTIONS

WORKSHEET 2
THEORY (TO READ AND SUMMARISE)
SUMMARISE

A chemical reaction occurs when the starting substances, called reagents,

rea transform
into other new substances, called products.

The nuclei of the atoms do not take part in the chemical reactions,
reactions only their
electronic shells. Therefore, the atoms of the elements existing after the transformation are
the same as the ones that we had at the beginning, but grouped in a different way. This
means that the atoms of the reagents are rearranged and none of them disappear.

In a chemical reaction, the following are conserved (we have the same at the
beginning as at the end):

- the number and type of atoms;

- total mass (Lavoisier's law of conservation of mass.

mass In the following worksheet);

- and the electric charge (if before the reaction the total charge was 0, at the end of the
reaction it will also be 0).

The information related to a chemical reaction is written as a chemical equation.

equation

In a chemical equation, the formulas of the reagents are are written on the left side and the
formulas of the products on the right side,, separated by an arrow in between that indicates
the direction of the reaction. If there is more than one reagent or product, their formulas are
separated by a "+".

In the previous example:

The stoichiometric coefficients (numbers that appear before the formula

formulas) indicate
the proportion off the particles that are involved in the reaction. In this case, one gaseous
methane molecule and two gaseous dioxygen molecules react to give one gaseous carbon
dioxide molecule and two gaseous water molecules. These numbers are very important since
without them the reaction would not be balanced, which means that there would not be the
same number of atoms of an element on both sides of the equation. And we have remarked
earlier that in a chemical reaction the number and type of atoms is conserved.

We can find substances in the following states of aggregation:

(s) = solid; (l) = liquid; (g) = gas; (aq) = in aqueous solution

Youtube videos about chemical reactions (watch):

In Spanish https://youtu.be/GpKN-uZBZfY In English https://youtu.be/TStjgUmL1RQ

Youtube video about balancing chemical equations (watch):

In Spanish https://youtu.be/8vGQ28BFKGE

In English https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zmdxMlb88Fs

Simulation to practice how to balance chemical equations, go to the website (try):

https://phet.colorado.edu/es/simulation/balancing-chemical-equations

EXERCISES (TO SOLVE)

Exercise 1. Answer the following questions about chemical reactions, giving one example:

a) What are the reagents in a chemical reaction?

b) What are the products?

c) How do you write a chemical equation? What is it for?

Exercise 2. Describe everything you know about this chemical reaction (name of the
substances involved, which are the reagents and products, number of particles that take part
of the reaction, states of aggregation of the substances):

Exercise 3. Balance the following chemical equation and explain all you know about the
chemical reaction (as you did in the previous exercise):