Year 8 Chemistry Revision Demonstration

In this experiment you will be observing what happens when sodium is added to water. Before you see this
you need to complete the questions below to help revise what you have learnt so far in your chemistry unit.

Question 1
Sodium is an element you will find in the first column on the periodic table.

a) The diagram below shows the structure of a sodium atom. Label this diagram with the name and
number of each of the particles.

b) Circle the word(s) below that could be used to describe a sample of sodium.

compound element monatomic lattice molecule

c) At room temperature sodium is a solid. Describe the behaviour of particles sodium solid.

d) The image below shows a change that can occur to sodium metal.

i) Is this a physical or chemical change? Explain why.

ii) What is the name of this change of state? ____________________________________________

Question 2
Water is an important liquid that we need in order to survive.

a) Describe the behaviour of particles water when it is a liquid.

b) Below is a diagram of a water molecule. Water is a molecule of a compound. Use evidence from this
image to describe why water is classified as a molecule of a compound.

Before Observations: Write what the sodium metal and water look like before they are mixed.

Demo: Now you will see what happens when sodium is placed into water.

Experiment Observations: Write observations to describe what happens when the sodium was added to
water.

Question 3
A chemical change occurs when the sodium is placed in water.

a) Write the definition for the term chemical change.

b) State two pieces of evidence that show a chemical change has occurred.

c) In this reaction the products formed were sodium hydroxide and hydrogen.

i) What are the reactants in this chemical reaction? ______________________________________

ii) Write a word equation for this chemical reaction.

Question 4
Sodium is not the only metal that reacts violently with water. Watch the video at this link to see what
happens to all the metals in group 1 of the Periodic table when they are added to water.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ft4E1eCUItI

a) What are the names of the other elements in the periodic table that react this way.

b)
Below is the group from the Periodic table that these elements come from. Write the element name next to
its matching symbol.

c) The atomic number is the number listed with the symbol above. What does the atomic number tell us
about an element?

d) What is the trend that you can see in the video that links the position of the metal in this group to how
it reacted?

Question 5
a) Where was the sodium hydroxide at the end of the demonstration? _____________________________

b) Explain why the water is classified as a mixture at the end of the experiment.

c) When sodium hydroxide is a solid it exists as a lattice and has the formula NaOH. Is this a lattice of
compound or a lattice of an element? Justify your choice.

Question 6
Hydrogen gas was produced in this experiment. The formula for hydrogen gas is H2

a) Use the information provided in the formula to draw a model of hydrogen gas.

b) Explain why hydrogen gas is classified as a molecule of an element and not a molecule of a compound.

c) Below is a cooling curve for hydrogen gas. Use the terms in the box below to label what state of matter
is present at each point.
Gas  Liquid Liquid  Solid

Solid Liquid gas

d) Choose the correct terms from the box below to describe the changes of state that have occurred in the
cooling curve. Place these terms on the curve to complete your labelling.
Sublimation Boiling Condensation Solidification Melting

d) The melting point of hydrogen is -259ºC and the boiling point is -253ºC. Put these number on the y axis
to of the cooling curve above to show where it melts and boils.