Mcq-On-Biochemistry - 632da1b8eb25c699476a8433

Biochemistry Questions
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Biochemistry
MCQ Objective Questions
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Question 1:
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Identify the incorrect statement regarding the structure of proteins:
1. They are heteropolymers containing strings of amino acids.
2. The first amino acid in the primary structure is the N-terminus amino acid
. Only left helices are observed in proteins

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4. More than one of the above
5. None of the above
Answer (Defailed Solution Below)
Wption 3 : Only left helices are observed in proteins

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Biochemistry Question 1 Detailed Solution
Concept:
* The most vital organic m es are engaged in the upkeep and metabolic
functions
« They range in size from tiny macromolecules like proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and
lipids to huge macromolecules like primary and secondary metabolites, hormones, and others.
Explanation:
Option 1:
« Proteins are polypeptides. Amino acids are linked to each other by a peptide bond.
« An amino acid polymer makes up each protein. A protein is a he'ercpfi\ mer and not a
homopolymer because there are 20 different types
of amino acids (e.g., alanine, cysteine,
proline, tryptophan, lysine, etc.). In a homopolymer,a single type of monomer is repeated n
times
« Imagine a protein as a line, with the begililling amino acid on the left end and the last amino
on the right. The N-terminal amino #&¥&*is another name for the first amino acid. The C
ter rinal amino is the final amino ac
Option 2:
« Imagine a protein as a line, with the first amino acid on the left end and the last amino acid on
the right
« The first amino acid is the N terminal amino acid, and the last amino acid is the C terminal
amino acid.
Option 3:
y
right-handed helices are seen in proteins.
« The secondary structure is folding additional protein thread sections into different shapes.
Option 4:
« The long protein chain is also folded back on itself to form the tertiary structure, which
embles a hollow woolen ball.
« As a result, a protein can now be seen in three dimensions. For the numerous biological
functions of proteins, tertiary structure is essential.
So, the correct answer is option 3.

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Question 2:
Which of the following is NOT a salient feature of the double helix model of DNA, as
given by Watson and Crick?
1. Itis a right-handed DNA helix.
2. DNA wraps around histone octamer to form a nucleosome.
3. The distance between each bp in a helix is 0.34 nm.
4. More than one of the above
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 2 : DNA wraps around histone octamer to form a nucleosome.
Concept:
« The double-helix model of DNA was proposed by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953.
« Salient features of the DNA structure:

P A il BV
and nitrogenous bases.
> The two chains have anti-parallel polarity: one has 5'—3' and the other has 3'=5".
° Th«_e bases of two strands project inside and pair through H-bonds and form base
s xll::me pairs with Thymine by 2 H-bonds and Guanine with Cytosine by 3 H-
g :I::: sp.urine is always paired with pyrimidine, creating uniform distance between both
° Istt:::(:isdhthanded helix (clockwise) with a pitch of 3.4nm and about 10bp in each
B 'tl’t;mr:.stacking of the base pairs gives stability to the structure.
2nm
Each full
twist
of the DNA
double helix
3.4nm
From the above points we can see that:

aa\?
« Option (1): CORRECT
= Watson and Crick described the DNA double helix model as a right-handed helix.
= This is because the stacking of the bases was in a clockwise manner.
« Option (2): INCORRECT

octamers to form nucleosomes.
= This helps in the packaging of long DNA molecules into the nucleus of a cell.
= But, this packaging phenomenon was NOT a salient feature of Watson and Crick's
model.
« Option (3): CORRECT
= The DNA described by Watson and Crick had a helical pitch of 3.4 nm, meaning that
each helix had a length of 3.4 nm.
= Each helix contained about 10 bp of DNA.
= Therefore, the distance between each bp is 0.34 nm.
+ Option (4): CORRECT
= According to Watson and Crick, DNA is made up of two polynucleotide chains.
= Each strand (chain) has opposite polarity i.e., one is §'—3' and the other is 3'=5".
Hence, the correct answer is option (2).
A\ Mistake Points
« Though the statement in option (2) is true regarding nucleosome, but it is NOT the correct
&
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Question 3:
Polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids and esters are known as
1. secondary metabolites
2. primary metabolites
4. both primary and secondary metabolites
Option 2 : primary metabolites

B try
Question 3 Detailed Solution
Fhe correct answer is Primary Metabolites.
& Key Points

+ Metabolite is an intermediate or end product of metabolism
« They are the intermediate products produced during metabolism, catalyzed by various
enzymes that occur naturally within cells
« The term metabolites are usually used for small molecules
« Functions of metabolites include; fuel, structure, signaling, catalytic activity, defense and
interactions with other organisms.
+ Metabolites are of two types:
1. Primary Metabolites
= Chemical compounds produced during the growth and development processes
> Required for growth and maintenance of cellular function
= Same in every species because they are a part of basic cellular function occurring in all
organisms
Involved in the primary metabolic processes of respiration and photosynthesis
They maintain the physiological functions of the body and are known as central
metabolites
= Produced at the growth phase
= They are the intermediate products of anabolic metabolism, which are used by the
cells for the formation of essential macromolecules
= Produced in large amounts and easy to extract
= e.g.. Amino acids, vitamins, organic acids, carbohydrates
2. Secondary Metabolites
= These compounds are produced by the organisms that are not required for primary
metabolic processes
° Secondary metabolites are considered to be the end products of primary metabolites
° Involved in ecological functions
° Produced at the stationary phase
° Produced in small amounts and difficult to extract
° Different in every species
° e.g., Phenolics, steroids, antibiotics, pigments
Metabolite
Compounds
Used in Calvin Cycle, binds with CO; to
Ribu form 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde - primary
[triacylglycerols and of phospholipids in
Gl
yceroIiv?r and adipose tissue,
7 fat, glucose,
pyruvate metabolism produces glycerol
- primary metabolite
Precursor in the mevalonate pathway that
produces terpenes, isopentenyl
Mevaboniphosphate (IPP) and steroids
lacid |- primary metabolite
It is a steroid, which are
considered secondary
metabolites because they vary a lot
Chol#ml_; organisms
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Question 4:
Carbohydrates are present in the muscles in the form of
1. amylopectin
2. amylose
4. glycogen
Option 4 : glycogen

The correct answer is glycogen.
@ Key Points
« Carbohydrates are the primary source of energy for the body, and they are stored in the
form of glycogen.
« Glycogen is a complex carbohydrate that is made up of many glucose molecules linked
together in a highly branched structure.
+ Glycogen is the main storage form of glucose in the bedy, and it is broken down into
glucose when the body needs energy. )
+ Most glycogen in humans is stored in the liver and skeletal muscles.
& iti ation

« Amylopectin is a highby*ed polysaccharide that is found in plants, particularly in
starchy foods like potatoes; COrn, and rice.
= Itis a type of complex carbohydrate that is broken down into glucose for energy.
+ Amylose is also a polysaccharide found in plants, but it is a linear chain of glucose
molecules rather than a branched structure like amylopectin.
= It is also broken down into glucose for energy.
+ Collagen is a fibrous protein that provides strength and elasticity to tissues in the body.
= It is the most abundant protein in the body and is found in skin, bones, tendons,
ligaments, and cartilage.
= Itis not a carbohydrate and is not used for energy.
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Question 5:
Which one is ‘Thiamin Vitamin'?

Answer (Detailed Solution Belo
Go“ ‘
Option 1: B4 ‘ : o
ioc ésfion 5 Detailed Solution
Points
k « Vitamin B1 is commonly called Thiamin.
« Itis a water-soluble vitamin found in food sources such as whole grains, cereals, brown
rice, legumes, nuts, beans, milk, meats, fish, etc.
It is an essential micronutrient for humans and other animals.
« Thiamine is @ component of coenzyme in carbohydrates and amino acids metabolism
and supports normal nerve and cardiovascular functions.
« Thiamine is important for mitochondrial membrane development and synaptic
membrane functions.
+ The deficiency of this vitamin causes beriberi disorder.
« Beriberi is characterized by heart and nerve dysfunctions.
‘!II.. Linf &
« Vitamin B2-
= Itis also known as riboflavin.
= Itis an antioxidant and is required for the production of red blood cells.
= B2 is also a component of coenzyme in lipid, vitamin, mineral, and drug metabolism.
« Vitamin B6-
= Itis known as pyridoxine.
= It helps in the synthesis of antibodies, hemoglobin, and neurotransmitters.
= The deficiency of vitamin B6 causes pellagra.
« Vitamin B12-
= Itis also called cobalamin.
= B12 is required for new cell synthesis, normal blood formation, and brain and
neurological functions.
= The deficiency of vitamin B12 causes Pernicious anemia.
Common Vitamins & Their Deficiencies -
Vitamin Chemical De.ficiency

Name Diseases
Night
A Retinol blindness,
Xerophthalmia
B1 Thiamine Beri-beri
of tongue,
B2 Riboflavin sores in the
corners of the
mouth A
Niacin or
B3 Nicotinic acid Pellsgra
85 Pantothenic Fatigue, muscle
acid cramp
Anaemia,
B6 Py
ridoxine | depression,
Nausea.
Convulsions
Thinning of
B7 Biotin Hair, Skin
rashes
Cyanocobala |pale skin,
B12 = pizade
min constipation
C Ascorbic acid >S4

anaemia
g Rickets,
o (Calciferol osteomalacia
Muscle and
E Tocopherol Nerve damage
Phylloquinone
K or Lack of Blood
Naphthoquinon |clotting
e
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Question 6 View this Question Online >
Which of the following glands secretes the hormone Secretin?
1. Pancreas
2. Duodenum
3. Kidney
4. Liver &
Answer (Detailed Solution BeloEE¥
Option2 : Duodenu
cl i stion 6 Detailed Solution
‘Exp tion:
« The small intestine is distinguishable into three regions, a 'C’ shaped duodenum, a long coiled
middle portion jejunum and a highly coiled ileum.
« The duodenum secretes an enzyme called the Secretin, it is a polypeptide made up of 27
amino acids
« Secretin maintains the PH levels in the duodenum and also regulates the secretion of gastric
acid
NOTE -> Secretin is secreted by S cells in the duodenum
Functioning of Secretin:
« When the HCL is released into the intestine from the stomach, the duodenum secretes secretin
which stimulates the duct cells of the pancreas
« The duct cells in turn secrete water & bicarbonate ions, this neutralizes the effect of HCL and
the intestinal lining is prevented from getting damaged
B> Additional Information

Pancreas:
« The pancreas is a compound (both exocrine and endocrine) elongated organ situated oc
between the limbs of the ‘C’ shaped duodenum.
« 99% part of the pancreas is exocrine while only 1% part is endocrine
« The exocrine portion (acini cells) secretes an alkaline pancreatic juice contalnln
the endocrine portion (islets of Langerhans) secretes hormones, msulm a
(Gall blaader
Duct from Ducts
gall bladder. from liver
Common
bile duct
=) Pancreas
Pancreatic
Duodenum duct
Hepato-pancreatic duct
Kidney:
« Kidneys are the excretory organs in the majority of mammals including humans. Kidneys
regulate water and electrolyte balance (osmoregulation) along with the excretion of metabolic
waste and foreign chemicals.
+ The primary excretory materials of a mammalian kidney are excess salts, urea, and water. These
substances are eliminated from the body in the form of Urine.
Liver:
« The liver is the largest gland of the human body. It performs the function of detoxification of
harmful substances in the body
« It converts harmful ammonia into urea, It also breaks down alcohol and other such substances
in the blood.
fi‘*“‘
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Which enzyme is responsible for the oxidation reaction that occurs in some foods, mostly
fruits and vegetables, that turns the food brown?
1. Polyphenol oxidase
2. Bromelain
3: Serrapep‘ta‘sg 4
4. Papain
Option 1 : Polyphenol oxidase
The correct answer is Polyphenol oxidase
@ Key
Points
« Polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) are a group of copper-containing enzymes that catalyze the o-
hydroxylation of monophenols to o-diphenols
+ any of several copper-containing enzymes (as laccase) that catalyze the oxidation
especially of diphenols and polyphenols to quinones — compare phenol oxidase ,
tyrosinase. ’ ¢
« Polyphenol oxidases also known as tyrosinase, phenolase, catechol oxidase, monophenol
oxidase, creso-lase, and catecholase, was first discovered in 1856 by Schoenbein (1856) in
mushrooms. g
B informugon
Additions
+ Bromelain
= Itis a group of enzymes found in the fruit and stem of the pineapple plant.
Pineapple is native to the Americas but is now grown throughout the world in tropical
and subtropical regions.
« Serrapeptase
= It is used for conditions such as back pain, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis, and
for conditions generally associated with pain and swelling (inflammation), but there is no
good evidence to support these uses..
+ Papain
= Itis an enzyme found in the white fluid (latex) that occurs in raw papaya fruit. It is a
protease, meaning it breaks down proteins. Papain contains substances that might help
fight infection and heal wounds.
<&
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Which of the following statement is not correct with rfi&(yribonucleic Acid

(DNA)? G
@
1. It is found in all prokaryotic and eukao s and in many viruses.
2. The DNA molecule c 5| gle strand that is made of deoxyribose and phosphate
groups. 6
3 coc&e netic information for the transmission of inherited traits.
4. Each strand has a backbone made of alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate groups.
Option 2 : The DNA molecule consists of a single strand that is made of deoxyribose and phosphate
groups.
The correct answer is option 2. &
@ Key Points o
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA):
®
« Itis an organic chemical of complex molecular structure that is f * rokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells and in many viruses. Hence statement
+ DNA codes genetic information for the trans i d traits. Hence statement
3 is correct.
+ The DNA molecule consists of two strands nd one another to form a shape
known as a double helix. Hence state rrect.
« Each strand has a backbone made sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate
groups. Hence statement4 is corr
« Attached to each sugar i i four bases--adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and
thymine (T).
' Confusion Points
Ribonucleic acid (RNA):
« Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a molecule similar to DNA.

« While the structure of DNA is a double-helix in eukaryotic cells, RNA is typically single-
RST G . VO WU P SO TISING (R Y, WIS SITISNT . 3 AW NN
+ The single-stranded structure of RNA allows this molecule to fold back on itself and form
various stable secondary structures as necessary.
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Question 9 View this Question Online
Pick out the correct statements:-
a) The first hormone discovered was a substance named secretin
b) The adrenal cortex arises from endoderm
) Angiotensin Il stimulates vasoconstriction, causing rise in blood pressure
d) The posterior lobe of pituitary gland arises from pharyngeal epithelium as an invagination
called Rathke's pouch
1. (b) and (d) are correct
2 lb), (c) and (d) are correct
3. (a) and (c) are correct
4. (a), (b) and (d) are correct
Option 3 : (a) and (c) are correct
@ Key Points
« The first hormone discovered was a substance named secretin: CORRECT
with physiologist W.M. Bayliss in 19b2, while Istuldying pancreatic secretions.
= It was named secretin.
+ The adrenal cortex arises from endoderm: INCORRECT
* The adrenal gland has 2 parts: outer cortex and inner medulla.
= The 2 layers originate from 2 different germinal layers.
- Adrenal cortex arises from mesoderm, while adrenal medulla arises from ectoderm.
« Angiotensin Il stimulates vasoconstriction, causing rise in blood pressure: CORRECT
= Angiotensin Il is a peptide hormone that plays an important role in the regulation of
kidney function. , A -
= Itis a part of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system or RAAS system.
= Renin is released from the juxta-glomerular (JG) cells of the kidney.
= It converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, which is further converted to
angiotensin Il
° Angiotensin Il acts as a v‘\striclor, causing increase in glomerular blood
pressure.
= It also stimulates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone.
° Aldosterone helps in reabsorption of Na* and water, which also leads to an increase in
blood pressure.
« The posterior lobe of pituitary gland arises from pharyngeal epithelium as an invagination
called Rathke's pouch: INCORRECT
= The anterior and posterior lobes of pituitary gland have different embryological origins.
= The posterior lobe or neurohypophysis arises from a finger-like evagination of the
neural ectoderm growing downwards from the developing diencephalon.
= The anterior lobe or adenohypophysis arises from the Rathke's pouch which is an
upward protrusion of the ectoderm from the roof of the mouth.
= Both the tissues grow into each other and get closely associated to function as the
pituitary gland.
« Therefore, statements (a) and (c) are correct, as given in option 3.
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Read the following statements and choose the set of correct statements :
(a) Euchromatin is loosely packed chromatin
(b) Heterochromatin is transcriptionally active
(c) Histone octamer is wrapped by negatively charged DNA in the nucleosome
(d) Histones are rich in lysine and arginine

(e) A typical nucleosome contains 400 bp of DNA helix
Choose the correct answer from the options given lo
i 5 @, , (), (€), (e) OnlOnly *. G
2. (b). (d) (&) On‘ oo
Option 3 : (a), (c), (d) Only
Concept:
* A nucleosome is a section of DNA that is wrapped around a core of proteins (histones).
* Nucleosomes are known as the fundamental subunit of chromatin.
* On the extension of chromatin under a microscope, the structure resembles beads on a string.
r 1
10A
@
Explanation: O
Statement a: o
Euchromatin is the loosely packed chromatin region. These are n transcription.
Statement b: \e
« Heterochromatin is transcriptionally inSetile.
« The tight packing makes them inaéc&ssi‘the protein involved in gene expression.
* They don't undergo crossing over.
Statement c:
« A nucleosome consists of DNA wrapped around a set of eight proteins called histones, which
are known as histone octamer.
« Histone octamer is composed of two copies of each of the histone proteins HpA, H3B, H3,
and Hg.
« The negatively charged DNA is wrapped around the positively charged histone octamer to
form a structure called a nucleosome.
Statement d:
« Histones are rich in basic amino acid residues lysine and arginine.
Statement e:
« A typical nucleosome contains 200 bp of DNA helix.

« Therefore option 3 is correct as it has the correct set of statements, i.e., statements a, c and d.
So, the correct answer is option 3.
<
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Question 11 { View this Question Online >
Complete the flow chart on central dogma.
@(NA -2 mrna- )
S 13 (a)-Transduction;A(b)-TransIation; (c)-Replication; (d)-Protein
2. (a)htion; (b)-Transcription; (c)-Transduction; (d)-Protein
3. (a)-Translation; (b)-Replication; (c)-Transcription;(d)-Transduction
4. (a)-Replication; (b)-Transcription; (c)-Translation; (d)-Protein

Option 4 : (a)-Replication; (b)-Transcription; (c)-Translation; (d)-Protein
Concept:
+ Central dogma represents the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.
« It refers to a process in which the informatidn in DNA is converted into a functional product.
Transcription Translation
A ———> m— —---—-—) Protein
Explanation:
The formation of DNA from DNA is replication.
+ The formation of mMRNA from DNA is called transcription.
+ The formation of protein from mRNA is called translation.
+ Transduction is the transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to
another with the help of a virus or a bacteriophage.
+ Therefore, the correct answer is option 4.
&
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If an enzyme in a solution is saturated with a substrate, the most effective way to obtain a
faster yield of products is to:
1. add more substrate
2. add an allosteric inhibitor
3. heat the solution to 90 °C

4. add more of the enzyme
Option 4 : add more of the enzyme
Explanation:
+ Enzymes are those substances t erate the rate of biochemical reactions occurring inside
the body of any li gani
Enzymes actasa b st. most of the biochemical processes occurring in our body are slow
processes. thu: ce the rate of a reaction these biocatalysts play a very crucial role.
“n D ch these enzymatic activities are carried out are known as substrate.
e substrate-specific. Every enzyme has a specific substrate.
er completing the reaction & releasing the product, they remain active in their
« For catalysis of reactions, enzymes are needed in very small quantities. For example, enzyme
sucrase (that hydrolyses) sucrose can break down 1,00,000 times more sucrose than its own
‘ weight.
« various factors are affecting enzymatic activity. the concentration of enzyme is one of those
factors.
« As the concentration of enzyme increases, the rate of reaction is also increased.
« This phenomenon can be used commercially to manipulate the rate of reaction, the rate of
reaction can be increased by increasing the amount of enzyme while the rate of reaction can be
decreased by decreasing the amount of enzyme.
Thus, if we want to increases the activity of an enzyme, adding more enzymes is a suitable option.
FACTORS EFFECT ON ENZYME ACTIVITY
As the concentration of substrate

Corafenptratimneases, the velocity of enzyme
activity also increases.
substrate
The rate of enzymatic activity is

directly proportional to the square
Enzyme root of the concentration of enzyme.
In simple words, as the concentration

concenjtratidhenzyme increases, the rate of
enzyme activity also increases.
The enzymatic activities are highly

affected by changes in temperature.
Optimal activities of most enzymes
occur at 37°C which is the normal
Tempefabwody temperature of human beings. ‘
The enzymes rapidly denature if the

temperature increases above 40°C. vo
There is a specific pH requirement for

every enzyme. This pH is called an
optimum pH value for that enzyme.
pH
The enzyme cannot perform its
function beyond its optimum pH
range.
§ With 2X Enzyme
i
‘§ With 1X Enzyme
tg No Enzyme
Time
The above graph explains the effect of enzyme concentration on enzymatic activity. it clearly proves
that the more concentrated the enzyme is, the more is rate of reaction.
‘!II.. II[ N
+ Enzymes were discovered by a German scientist Edward Buchner by an accident in a yeast cell.
Thus he coined the term enzyme (Gk. En= in, Zyma= Yeast).
« All enzymes are protein in nature. some Enzymes are purely proteinic in nature these are called
as pure proteinaceous enzymes like enzyme protease.
« some enzymes contain an additional group along with protein group such enzymes are called as
Conjugated enzymes. The non-protein group attached is called a prosthetic group. For
example, Enzyme Peptidase has manganese group attached with it.
« If the prosthetic group is removed from the enzyme, it looses its catalytic properties.
+ Earlier many enzymes were obtained from animal bodies like Insuline was obtained from the
pancreas of horses and rennet enzyme needed for conversion of milk to cheese was
obtained from the stomach of a calf. Now due to advancement in biotechnology, we can
obtain these enzymes using micro-organisms without killing or harming animals.
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Which of the following combination(s) is/are correct?
I Potato - Simple Carbohydrate
1. Honey - Simple Carbohydrate
1ll. Maize - Complex Carbohydrate
IV. Legumes - Complex Carbohydrates
1. 1, Nl and IV
2. I, llland IV ;
3. L ltand Il
4. 1,11, 11 aqd IV,
‘swerl(Detalled Solution Below)
Option4: 1, 1I, Il and IV

T
Carbohydrate:
« Carbohydrates are primarily produced by plants and form a very large group of naturally
occurring organic compounds.
« Some common examples of carbohydrates are cane sugar, glucose, starch, etc.
Explanation:
Simple carbohydrate:
+ Monosaccharides and disaccharides are examples of simple carbohydrates.

+ Monosaccharides:
= A carbohydrate that cannot be hydrolysed further to give a simpler unit of polyhydroxy
aldehyde or ketone is called a monosaccharide.
= About 20 monosaccharides are known to occur in nature.
= Some common examples are glucose, fructose, ribose, etc.
« Disaccharides:
= When two monosaccharides (simple sugars) are linked together by glycosidic
linkage, a disaccharide (also known as a double sugar) is created.
« Example of simple carbohydrate: Natural sources of simple carbs include fruits, milk, <
potato, honey and dairy products etc. G
Complex Carbohydrate:
+ Long, intricate sequences of three or more monosaccharide units W!ex

carbohydrates.
« They are high in fibre and the body digests them gradually.
« Complex carbs include foods like peas, beans, and
Thus, combinations \e
|. Potato - Simple Carbohydrate - corre
Il. Honey - Simple Carbohydrate - corre
Ill. Maize - Complex Carbohydrate - correct
IV. Legumes - Complex Carbohydrates - correct.
B Additi Ling ¢i
Protein:
+ Chief sources of proteins are milk, cheese, pulses, peanuts, fish, meat, etc.
« They occur in every part of the body and form the fundamental basis of the structure and
functions of life.
Lipid:
+ Lipids are a group of organic compounds found in living organisms.

« They vary in their structures and functions, because of their hydrophobic and non-polar
nature, lipids are soluble in organic solvents.
« Lipids are primarily made up of hydrocarbon chains connected to glycerol via an ester
linkage.
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Amino acids like citrulline, ornithine, and gamma amino butyric acid are called:
1. non protein amino acids %
2. essential amino acids
3. protein amino acids
4."ami‘rio acids
Option 1 : non protein amino acids
@ Key Points
+ Amino acids are organic compounds and contain two functional groups, i.e. amino (~NH;)
and carboxylic (-COOH") as substituents on the same carbon.
» Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.
« 20 amino acids have been found in proteins of all species.
« Since amino acids have both amino and carboxylic groups, they may act as weak bases oras
weak acids, thus they show the amphoteric property.
« On the location of the functional groups, an amino acid is classified into four types. These are
Alpha-amino acid, Beta-amino acid, Gamma-amino acid, and Delta amino acid.
« On the basis of the production of amino acids in the body, it can be classified into two types -
- Essential Amino Acids - The amino acids that are not synthesized in the body and are
obtained from the diet, are known as essential amino acids. <
= Non-essential Amino Acids - The amino acids that can be synthesized from amphibolic
intermediates and are not required throughqdiet are known as non-essential amino acids.
+ Amino acids remove toxins from the body and helpin protein synthesis and growth
neninviiee.
Explanation: ‘
« Amino acids like citrulline, arnithine, and gamma amino butyric acid are called non-protein
amino acids.
« Citrulline -
= It is made from ornithine and carbamoyl phosphate during the urea cycle.
= Citrulline is a non-essential amino acid.
+ Ornithine -
= is a non-protein amino acid that plays an important role in the urea cycle.
+ Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) -
= Itis the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system.
= GABA inhibits the postsynaptic regeneration of action potential.
6‘(“
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A segment of DNA has 250 Thymine and 250 Guanine bases. The total number of
nucleotides present in the segment is:
1. 250
2. 500
3. 7‘
4. 1000
Option 4 : 1000
Q Key Points
+ The double-helix model of DNA was proposed by James Watson and Francis Cri 953.
+ This model was partly based on Chargaff's rules, as given by
E ar‘ 55).
« Chargaff's Rules:
= Amount of Purine = Amount of Pyrimidine
= Amount of A=TandC=G
+G — ~
> In DNA, fic g “
° Base Ratio of Gfl? is always constan ar species, but may vary among
different groups of orgams\e
Explanation:
Given: T = 250, G = 250
According to Chargaff's rules,
« A=T=250
+ C=G=250
- Total number of nucleotides = A+ T+ C + G = 250 + 250 + 250 + 250 = 1000
Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

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Biochemistry Questions

Start Complete Exam Preparation

Identify the incorrect statement regarding the structure of proteins:

1. They are heteropolymers containing strings of amino acids.

. Only left helices are observed in proteins

4. More than one of the above

5. None of the above

Answer (Defailed Solution Below)

Wption 3 : Only left helices are observed in proteins

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Biochemistry Question 1 Detailed Solution

So, the correct answer is option 3.

1. Itis a right-handed DNA helix.

2. DNA wraps around histone octamer to form a nucleosome.

3. The distance between each bp in a helix is 0.34 nm.

4. More than one of the above

5. None of the above

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : DNA wraps around histone octamer to form a nucleosome.

Biochemistry Question 2 Detailed Solution

« Salient features of the DNA structure:

s xll::me pairs with Thymine by 2 H-bonds and Guanine with Cytosine by 3 H-

B 'tl’t;mr:.stacking of the base pairs gives stability to the structure.

From the above points we can see that:

« Option (2): INCORRECT

Hence, the correct answer is option (2).

Polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids and esters are known as

3. None of the above

4. both primary and secondary metabolites

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : primary metabolites

Fhe correct answer is Primary Metabolites.

& Key Points

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Carbohydrates are present in the muscles in the form of

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Biochemistry Question 4 Detailed Solution

& iti ation

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Which one is ‘Thiamin Vitamin'?

ioc ésﬁon 5 Detailed Solution

Hence, the correct answer is option (1).

Common Vitamins & Their Deficiencies -

Vitamin Chemical De.ﬁciency

C Ascorbic acid >S4

MCQ Objective Questions

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Question 6 View this Question Online >

Which of the following glands secretes the hormone Secretin?

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cl i stion 6 Detailed Solution

B> Additional Information

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Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : Polyphenol oxidase

Biochemistry Question 7 Detailed Solution

The correct answer is Polyphenol oxidase

Which of the following statement is not correct with rﬁ&(yribonucleic Acid

3 coc&e netic information for the transmission of inherited traits.

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Biochemistry Question 8 Detailed Solution