CONSTRUCTION

EQUIPMENT OPERATION,
PRODUCTIVITY, AND
MAINTENANCE
TEODORO A. AMATOSA, Jr., D. Eng.
Professorial Lecturer
teody.amatosajr@nwssu.edu.ph

Department of Civil Engineering

Northwest Samar State University
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
OPERATION
Construction Operation

Refers to the construction,

alteration, repair,
extension, demolition or
dismantling of buildings or
structures.
Construction Equipment

Refers to heavy-duty vehicles,

specially designed for executing
construction tasks, most frequently
ones involving earthwork
operations. They are also known as
heavy machines, heavy trucks,
heavy equipment, engineering
equipment, heavy vehicles, or
heavy hydraulics.
Construction Equipment Operation

Refers to the skilled and

controlled use of various types
of machinery and equipment in
the construction industry.
 Factors to be considered at the time of Selecting
Construction Equipment
1. The Equipment should be Standard Equipment if possible.
2. It should give the best service at low cost.
3. Its unit cost of production should be moderate.
4. It should be easily repairable with low shutdown period
5. It should be easily disposed off.
6. It should suit the majority of the requirements of the job.
7. It should be capable of doing more than one function.
8. It should be of moderate size, as they have fewer moving parts and
have low working cost.
 TYPES OF
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
 EARTH MOVING
EQUIPMENT
are large, heavy-duty vehicles
that are often seen in the
mining and construction sites
to move and relocate heavy
materials, rocks, and mud,
dirt and debris or lumber.
 EXCAVATORS
An excavator is a construction
vehicle used to excavate or move
large objects. It is basically made
up of 2 parts: a driving base
associated a powerful boom arm
with an attachment designed for
excavating. The operator sits
within a small cab connected to
the base and controls the arm.
 GRADERS
mostly been used in road
construction for construction and
maintenance of dirt roads and
gravel roads.
 LOADER
is a heavy equipment machine
frequently used in construction
industry, mainly used to Load
material (such as demolition
waste, feed, gravel raw minerals,
used material, rock, and plywood)
into or onto another type of
machinery (such as a dump
truckload).
 BACKHOE
also known a rear actor or back
actor, is a section of excavating
equipment or digger consisting of
a digging bucket on the end of a
two-part articulated arm. They are
typically mounted on the back of
a tractor or front loader.
 BULLDOZER
bulldozer is a crawler (continuous
Tracked tractor) with a substantial
metal plate used (known as blade)
fitted to push large amounts of soil,
sand, dirt or other materials when
construction or remodeling and
usually push on the back with a claw
mechanism (Known as ripper) to
loosen densely-compacted
materials.
 CONSTRUCTION
VEHICLE
are designed huge to
transport engineering
materials from one place to
another.
 TIPPERS
are suited for the rough and tumble
of mining& quarrying operations, as
well as for carrying bulk loads in
construction and infrastructure
industries.

TRAILER
generally an unpowered vehicle
towed by a powered vehicle. It is
commonly used for the transport of
goods and materials.
MATERIAL HANDLING
EQUIPMENT
are used to assist other
equipment by conveying,
hoisting and lifting, and
others.
 CRANES
are commonly employed in the
transport industry for the loading
and unloading of goods for the
movement of materials and
manufacturing industries

CONVEYORS
are mainly useful in applications
involving the transportation of
heavy or bulky materials.
 HOIST
is a device for raising or lowering
a load by means of a drum or
wheel lift to which wraps the rope
or chain.

FORKLIFT TRUCKS
are available in many variations and
load capacities. In a typical
warehouse setting most forklifts
used have load capacities between
one to five tons.
 CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
these are equipment used in
the construction site to ease
the labor of mixing,
compacting and the like.
 CEMENT MIXER
is a machine that combines cement
evenly to form aggregates such as
sand or gravel and water to
concrete.

COMPACTOR
is a machine or mechanism used to
material soil through compaction in
construction industry.
 ROAD ROLLER
is a compactor type engineering
vehicle used to compact soil, gravel,
concrete, or asphalt in the
construction of roads and
foundations

PAVER
is an engineering vehicle used to lay
asphalt on roadways. It is normally
fed by a dump truck.
 IMPORTANCE OF SKILLED OPERATORS

Not everyone is fit to operate equipment. If you

wish to operate equipment, one must undergo
training. Skilled operators are essential in
numerous industries due to their proficiency and
experience, which significantly enhance
workplace safety, operational efficiency, and the
quality of work.
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
PRODUCTIVITY
 EQUIPMENT PRODUCTIVITY
generally refers to the time during
which the machine is in operation
performing productive work. The
more efficiently the workers can
complete their tasks, the higher the
production level is.
 EQUIPMENT PRODUCTIVITY RATE
GRADERS

• The 100 mm coarse blade is mixed, spread &

compacted at a productivity of 47.6 m3 / hour.
• The 100 mm coarse plant is mixed, spread &
compacted at a productivity of 35.7 m3 / hour.
 EQUIPMENT PRODUCTIVITY RATE
LOADERS

• Mix planting soil, including loam, manure, and

peat, by skid steer loader at a productivity of 27.7
m3 / hour.
 EQUIPMENT PRODUCTIVITY RATE
EXCAVATORS

• Small Excavators (1 to 5 tons): 10 to 20 m3/hour.

• Medium Excavators (6 to 10 tons): 20 to 40
m3/hour.
• Large Excavators (11 to 50 tons): 40 to 100 m3/
hour.
 EQUIPMENT PRODUCTIVITY RATE
BULLDOZER

• Excavating only & haul in pile by dozer 75 HP

(Horsepower), 15 meters haul, sand & gravel 43.5 m3
/hour.
• Excavating only & haul in pile by dozer 75 HP
(Horsepower), 15 meters haul, common earth 38.4
m3/hour.
• If the Dozer is 200 HP so multiply the productivity of
the 75 HP by 2.3
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
MAINTENANCE
 IMPORTANCE OF EQUIPMENT
MAINTENANCE

SAFETY AVAILABILITY

LONGEVITY EXPENSES
 TYPES OF MAINTENANCE
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
Aimed at catching and fixing
problems before they happen. It
is most commonly carried out in
the form of regular inspections,
usually occurring multiple times
per year.
 TYPES OF MAINTENANCE
CONDITION-BASED MAINTENANCE
Sometimes considered to be a
more advanced alternative to
preventive maintenance. Rather
than being inspected according to
a schedule, machines and systems
are carefully observed for changes
that could indicate upcoming
failure.
 TYPES OF MAINTENANCE
PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE
refers to a specific type of
condition-based maintenance in
which systems are constantly
observed via sensor devices.
These devices are attached to
components of the system and
feed constant, real-time data to
software.
 TYPES OF MAINTENANCE
CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE
is initiated when a problem is
discovered while working on
another work order. With corrective
maintenance issues are caught
‘just in time’.
 TYPES OF MAINTENANCE
PREDETERMINED MAINTENANCE
Unlike other styles, predetermined
maintenance is carried out using
rules and suggestions created by
the original manufacturer, rather
than the maintenance team. These
suggestions are based on
experiments and gathered data.
DAILY MAINTENANCE CHECK
VISUAL INSPECTION SAFETY FEATURES
Examine the equipment for any visible Test safety features such as seatbelts, horns,
signs of damage, wear, or leaks. alarms, and emergency stop buttons.

FLUID LEVELS CLEANLINESS

Check oil levels in the engine, Keep the equipment clean by removing
transmission, and hydraulic systems. debris, dirt, and grease buildup.

TIRE INSPECTION DOCUMENTATION

Check tire pressure and adjust it to the
recommended levels.

BRAKES REPORT ISSUES

Test the brakes to ensure they are
functioning correctly.
THANK YOU!!!