SMART INFRA EST INTERNSHIP

PROGRAMME

ASSIGNMENT NO. 05

NAME: Rathod Akash Gulab.

TOPIC NO. : Construction Equipment.
Mobile No. 8421370553
 EARTH EXCAVATORS:
Excavators are heavy equipment consisting of a boom, bucket and cab on a rotating platform
(known as the "house"). The house sits atop an under carriage with tracks or wheels. All
movement and functions of the excavator are accomplished through the use of hydraulic
fluid, be it with rams or motors.
TYPES OF EXCAVATOR:
• COMPACT EXCAVATOR
• CRAWLER EXCAVATOR
• WHEELED EXCAVATORS
• BACKHOE LOADER
• DRAGLINE EXCAVATOR
• BUCKET WHEEL EXCAVATOR
1. Compact Excavator:
A compact or mini excavator is tracked or wheeled vehicle with an approximate
operating weight from 0.7 to 7.5 tons. It generally includes a standard backfill blade
and features independent boom swing. Hydraulic Excavators are somewhat different
from other construction equipment in that all movement and functions of the
machine are accomplished through the transfer of hydraulic fluid. The compact
excavator's work group and blade are activated by hydraulic fluid acting upon
hydraulic cylinders. The excavator's slew (rotation) and travel functions are also
activated by hydraulic fluid powering hydraulic motors.
 2. Crawler Excavator:
Mini-Crawler Excavator (2700kg - 5000kg ) With a wide range of available sizes and
features like Power Tech engines, zero-tail-swing, offset boom, multiple attachments
and ultracomfortable operator stations, there’s excavator to fit every job. Hydraulic
management system, which helps by balancing hydraulic pressure and flow and
sensing when extra power is needed without draining other systems. Operating
weights range from 1,730 kg–76,450 kg.

3. Heavy Crawler Excavator (Operating Weight 40,000kg – 80,000kg ) :

Crawler excavator gets the job done with muscle, control and peerless productivity.
Efficient, cool-running engines and enhanced hydraulics make these the most-reliable
and hardest-working excavators yet. Climb into one of these best-in-class cabs and
unleash a mighty workhorse to tackle toughest jobs.
4. Wheeled Excavators:
Wheeled excavators easily navigate streets and hard surfaces to deliver powerful
bucket forces in well-balanced, high-stability machines. Even with all that muscle
outside, operators find quiet comfort inside spacious air-conditioned cabs. Low-effort
levers deliver smooth boom and bucket control.

 Suction Excavator
A suction excavator or vacuum excavator is a construction vehicle that removes earth from a
hole on land or removes heavy debris on land, from various places, by powerful suction
through a wide suction pipe which is up to a foot or so diameter. The suction inlet air speed
may be up to 100 meters/second = over 200 mph. The suction nozzle may have two handles
for a man to hold it by; those handles may be on a collar which can be rotated to uncover
suctionrelease openings (with grilles over) to release the suction to make the suction nozzle
drop anything which it has picked up and is too big to go up the tube. The end of the tube
may be toothed. This helps to cut earth when use for excavating; but when it is used to suck
up loose debris and litter, some types of debris items may snag on the teeth. The earth to be
sucked out may be loosened first with a compressed-air lance or a powerful water jet.

Material Handling Equipment:

Cranes

A crane is a type of machine, generally equipped with a hoist rope, wire ropes or chains, and

sheaves, that can be used both to lift and lower materials and to move them horizontally. It

is mainly used for lifting heavy things and transporting them to other places.
Conveyers

A conveyor system is a common piece of mechanical handling equipment that moves

materials from one location to another. Conveyors are especially useful in applications

involving the transport of heavy or bulky materials.

Forklifts

A forklift is a powered industrial truck used to lift and move materials over short distances.

The forklift was developed in the early 20th century by various companies, including Clark,

which made transmissions, and Yale & Towne Manufacturing, which made hoists.

Hoists

A hoist is a device used for lifting or lowering a load by means of a drum or lift-wheel around

which rope or chain wraps. It may be manually operated, electrically or pneumatically driven

and may use chain, fiber or wire rope as its lifting medium
 Construction Equipment

Tunneling and Handling Equipment

Tunneling equipment. Conveyor systems provide an efficient, reliable, cost-effective, and

lower-risk method of removing muck and spoil from tunneling excavation sites. This

equipment is specifically engineered to smoothly handle the transport of materials from

the tunnel excavation site to the surface and beyond.

Concrete Mixers

A concrete mixer (often commonly called a cement mixer) is a device that homogeneously

combines cement, aggregate such as sand or gravel, and water to form concrete.

A typical concrete mixer uses a revolving drum to mix the components. For smaller volume

works, portable concrete mixers are often used so that the concrete can be made at the

construction site, giving the workers ample time to use the concrete before it hardens.
Road Making Machines

These are the various machines used in the construction road. Though they are available in

varying sizes to be applicable in small as well as large construction sites, they are generally

considered to be heavy-duty equipment.

Road Rollers

A road roller is a compactor-type engineering vehicle used to compact soil, gravel, concrete,

or asphalt in the construction of roads and foundations. Similar rollers are used also at

landfills or in agriculture. Road rollers are frequently referred to as steamrollers, regardless of

their method of propulsion.

Hot mix plants

The asphalt plants or asphalt mixing plant is one plant that is used for mixing the dry warm

aggregate, padding, and Asphalt for homogeneous mixture at the required temperature. And it

is widely used for the construction of highways, city roads, and parking lots.

Stone crushers

A crusher is a machine designed to reduce large rocks into smaller rocks, gravel, sand, or

rock dust. Crushers may be used to reduce the size, or change the form, of waste materials

so they can be more easily disposed of or recycled, or to reduce the size of a solid mix of

raw materials (as in rock ore), so that pieces of different composition can be differentiated.

Crushing is the process of transferring a force amplified by mechanical advantage through a

material made of molecules that bond together more strongly, and resist deformation more,

than those in the material being crushed do.

Slurry seal machines

Slurry seal is a cold-mix paving system that can remedy a broad range of problems on streets,

airfields, parking lots, and driveways. The principal materials used to create slurry are

aggregate, asphalt emulsion, and fillers which are mixed together according to a laboratory’s

mixed design formula.

Heavy-duty pumps (Slurry pump)

A slurry pump is a type of pump designed for pumping liquid containing solid particles.

Slurry pumps change in design and construction to adjust to multiple types of slurry which

vary in concentration of solids, size of solid particles, the shape of solid particles, and

composition of the solution.

Slurry pumps are more robust than liquid pumps; they have added sacrificial material and

replaceable wear parts to withstand wear due to abrasion.