Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Tanaka
Tanaka
2. The e ect of scaling down might degrade the transistor performance. Up to this point, it is
thought that the MOSFET technology has reached its end in terms of scaling down, i.e. up un l
to 14 nm size. Further scaling down might seems impossible, or at least very prone to unpleasant
e ects, including leakage and wide variability.
To make it clear, in planar MOSFET, a single gate controls the source-drain channel. It is intui ve
that a single gate does not have good electrosta c eld control, leading to leakage between
source and drain even though the gate is under closed posi on. To alleviate this, a new
technology called FinFET was proposed. In principle, the FinFet replaces the source-drain
channel with a ver cal n, penetra ng to the gate, as if the gate is wrapped around the source-
drain channel. This enables a be er control on electric eld, thus leading to a more robust gate
which is not prone to a leakage. This ability of FinFET is the main reason why it can alleviate the
scaling down problem of planar MOSFET.
ff
ti
ff
ti
ft
ti
ti
ti
ti
ti
fi
ti
fi
ti
ti
ti
ti
tt
ti
ti
ti
ti
ft
fi
fi
ti
ti
ti
ff
tt
ff
ff
ti
ff
ti
ti
ff
ti
ti
ff
ti
ff
ti
ti
There are other advantages of FinFET compared to planar MOSFET. This includes the high
integra on density due to its natural 3D shape. FinFET also o ers smaller variability, mainly
variability due to random dopant uctua on. It is due to all of these advantages that FinFET
enables scaling down further, even up to 7 nm.
3. The average instruc on cycle number de nes how many clock cycles required to perform one
instruc on. It is thus intui ve that it comprises of register cycle plus memory access cycle. In
terms of memory access cycle itself, due to the cache memory technology, o en the register
nds the required data from cache memory instead of main memory, thus enable faster
instruc on cycle.
For case 1, since only level 1 cache is applied, we have,
Case 1:
Tam (DRAM) = 60 ns
Tac (cache) = 0.8 ns
Clock freq = 2.5 GHz
Clock freq = 2.5 GHz
H1 = 95%
H2 = 97%