Introduction to Probability

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Unit 3 Test
K/U Think Comm App Name ________________________________

Part A: Knowledge/Understanding (13 marks)

Fill in the blanks with your final answer, showing steps is not required.

1. How many different ways can you select a president, vice-president

and treasurer from 8 people?
2. 8×7×6×5
Express the product using factorial notation.
3×2×1
3. How many different numbers can be created by selecting 3 of the
digits from the number 57 834?
7 5 1
4. Given that 𝑃(𝐴) = 12 𝑃(𝐵) = 8 and 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 4, determine
𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵).
5. 3!×8!
Evaluate
5!
6. How many permutations of the letters in the word MANAGEMENT
start with an M?
7. Given that the probability in favour of event A is 34% and n(S) = 600,
determine n(A’).
8. A five digit code using numbers from 1 to 6 is used for remote access
to voicemail. Determine the probability that a randomly selected
code has the same first 2 digits.
9. A special card set has 12 cards. In how many different ways can the
cards be placed into groups consisting of 4 cards in each group?
10. How many different 7 digit numbers can you create using all of the
digits in the number 5 444 422?
11. Theoretical probability is always different than experimental
probability. True or False?
12. Given that 𝑛(𝐴) = 20, 𝑛(𝐵) = 30, 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 8 and 𝑛(𝑆) = 100,
determine 𝑃(𝐴|𝐵).
13. How many different committees consisting of 3 people can be
selected from 6 people?

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Part B: Thinking (12 marks)

14. Let set A be the set of face cards (king, queen & jack) and B be the set of all black cards in a regular
deck of cards (no jokers), find: (4 marks)

a) 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)

b) 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)

15. Five friends go to their favourite restaurant which has 8 different lunches on the menu. If the friends
are equally likely to pick any of the dinners, what is the probability that two or more of the friends will
order the same lunch? (4 marks)

16. Twelve new clients need to be assigned to 3 lawyers. If each lawyer must get at least 3 clients, then
how many ways can the clients be assigned? (4 marks)

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Part C: Communication (11 marks)

17. Define mutually exclusive events and give a specific example to support your explanation. (2 marks)

18. A bag of marbles consists of 5 green, 6 red and 3 yellow marbles. Suppose you randomly draw two
marbles.
a) Draw a tree diagram to illustrate all possible outcomes of this draw. (2 marks)
b) Determine the probability that you pick at least one green marble. (3 marks)
C) Determine the probability that both marbles are yellow. (2 marks)

19. Statistics show that in a certain region of Canada, 30% of the population has seasonal allergies, 20% of
the population has food allergies, and 6% have both. Are the events “has seasonal allergies” and “has
food allergies” independent? Justify your answer mathematically. (2 marks)

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Part D: Application (10 marks)

20. The coach of the soccer team estimates her team historically has a 75% chance of winning when they
have won their previous game, but only 55% chance of winning when they have lost their previous
game. They have 2 upcoming games. If they have a 45% chance of winning the first game, what is the
probability they win their second game? (4 marks)

21. A survey of 54 high school athletes collected the following data:

Team Number of Athletes
Basketball 25
Volleyball 19
Football 32
Both basketball and volleyball 10
Both basketball and football 8
Both volleyball and football 12
All three teams 8

a) Draw a Venn diagram to illustrate the above data. (3 marks)

b) Determine the probability that a randomly selected athlete from this sample will play either
football or volleyball. (3 marks)

The end – last page.