STAT203 Probability and Statistics CHAPTER 1

Lesson 1 Activity #1
Name: Year and Section:
Answer the following problems as required. Show your handwritten solution on the space provided. You
can print this page or you can copy this format in another paper where you can answer.
1. Consider the set of integers
M = {1, 2, 3, · · · , 14, 15, 16} and let A, B, C be subsets of M such that

A = {even numbers}, B = {perfect squares} and

C = {prime numbers}. Construct a Venn Diagram illustrating the relationship of A, B, and C.

2. Consider tossing a 1-peso coin, 5-peso coin and 10-peso coin simultaneously, and note which side is
up.
(a) List all the possible outcomes of this experiment, that is, determine the sample space Ω.

(b) Let Ai = {exactly i heads} where i = 0, 1, 2, 3. List the elements of A0, A1, A2, A3. Which of these
events are simple events?

(c) Determine
i. A0 ∩ Ac1

ii. A0 ∪ A3
iii. (A1 ∩ A2)c

3. From a small town 120 persons were selected at random and asked the following questions: Which of
the three shampoos, Palmolive, Dove, and Clear, are you using? The following results were obtained: 20
use Palmolive and Clear, 10 use Palmolive and Dove but not Clear, 15 use all three, 30 use Clear only, 35
use Dove but not Clear, 25 use Dove and Clear, and 10 use none of them. Using Venn diagram,
determine how many use
(a) Palmolive only? (c) Palmolive and Dove?

(b) Only Dove?

STAT203 Probability and Statistics CHAPTER 1

Lesson 2 Activity #2
Name: Year and Section:
Answer the following problems as required. Show your handwritten solution on the space provided. You
can print this page or you can copy this format in another paper where you can answer.
1. Roll a fair die one time. The sample space is Ω = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}. Find the probability of occurrence of
the following events.
(a) Event of rolling an even number. (C) Event of rolling a number greater than 4.
(b) Event of rolling a one.

2. Parents are randomly selected for an online poll, and they are asked if they think classes should push
through because of the ongoing pandemic. Among the randomly selected parents surveyed, 91 said YES,
901 said NO, and 20 parents are undecided. Based on these results, what is the probability that a
randomly selected parent believes
(a) that classes should push through (b) that classes should not push through

3. A survey asked 850 respondents about their highest levels of completed education. The results are
given in the following table.

Education completed Number of respondents

No high school diploma 52

High school diploma 234

Associate's degree or 274

2 years of college

Bachelor's degree 287

Master's degree 67

Ph.D. or professional degree 36

If a respondent from the survey is selected at random, compute the probability of each of the following.
(a) The respondent did not complete high school.

(b) The respondent has an associate’s degree or 2 years of college (but not more).

(c) The respondent has a Ph.D. or professional degree.

(d) The respondent has a degree beyond a bachelor’s degree.

4. Consider tossing an unfair die for 300 times (each face of the die doesn’t have equal probabilities of
occurring). Based on the observed frequencies below.
(a) Find P(roll a five)

(b) Find P(roll an odd number)

(c) Find P(roll a one or two)

(d) Find P(roll a number greater than 3)

Outcome Observed Frequency

1 51

2 62

3 40

4 31

5 49

6 67

Total 300

5. Consider a couple with 3 children. Assume that boys (B) and girls (G) are equally likely and that gender
is not influenced by the gender of any other child.

Hint: The sample space consists of 8 different ways that 3 children will occur.
Ω = {(B, B, B), · · · ,(G, G, G)}

where the first entry in (·, ·, ·) corresponds to the gender of the first-born, second entry for the second
child and so on.
Determine
(a) the probability of having exactly two boys, and

(b) the probability of having exactly one girl.

STAT203 Probability and Statistics CHAPTER 1

Lesson 3 Activity #3
Name: Year and Section:

Answer the following problems as required. Show your handwritten solution on the space provided. You
can print this page or you can copy this format in another paper where you can answer.
1. List the elements of the sample space defined by each experiment.

(a) Toss a coin and then choose a digit from the digits 1 through 4.

(b) Choose a complete dinner from a dinner menu that allows a customer to choose from two salads,
three entrees, and two desserts.

2. List the sample space of paths that start at A and pass through each vertex of the figure exactly once.

3. Use the counting principle to determine the number of elements in the sample space.

(a) Two digits are selected without replacement from the digits 1, 2, 3, and 4.

(b) Two digits are selected with replacement from the digits 1, 2, 3, and 4.

4. A student downloaded 5 music files to a portable MP3 player. In how many different orders can the
songs be played?
5. The board of directors of a corporation must select a president, a secretary, and a treasurer. In how
many possible ways can this be accomplished if there are 20 members on the boardof directors?
6. List the sample space of paths that start at A and pass through each vertex of the figure exactly once.
STAT203 Probability and Statistics CHAPTER 1
Lesson 4 Activity Sheet 4
Name: Year and Section:
Answer the following problems as required. Show your handwritten solution on the space provided. You
can print this page or you can copy this format in another paper where you can
answer.
1. A certain university has 12 vehicles available for use by faculty and staff. Seven of these are vans and
five are cars. On a particular day, only two requests for vehicles have been made. Suppose that the two
vehicles to be assigned are chosen in a completely random fashion from among the 12.
(a) What is the probability that the first vehicle assigned is a van.

(b) What is the probability that second vehicle is a van given that the first vehicle is a van?

(c) Use the results of parts (a) and (b) to calculate the probability the first and second vehicle are both
vans.

2. Let C := event of taking a cooking class and H := taking a photography class. Suppose P(C) = 0.75, P(H)
= 0.4, and P(C ∩ H) = 0.3. Are C and H independent? Prove you answer.

3. A bowl contains 5 chocolate candies and 2 mint candies. A candy is taken. If it’s a mint candy, a
chocolate candy is added to the bowl and if it’s a chocolate candy, a mint candy is added to the bowl.
Then a second candy is taken. What is the probability the second candy is a chocolate candy?
4. A company that manufactures phones produces a keypad phone and a smartphone. Over the past
year, 40% of the phones sold have been the keypad phones. Of those buying the keypad phones, 30%
purchase a company souvenir item, whereas 50% of all purchasers of the smartphone buy the same
company souvenir item. If you learn that a randomly selected purchaser bought the company souvenir
item, what is the probability that he or she has avkeypad phone?
STAT203 Probability and Statistics CHAPTER 2

Lesson 1 Activity #1
Name: Year and Section:
Answer the following problems as required. Show your handwritten solution on the space provided. You
can print this page or you can copy this format in another paper where you can answer.
1. State whether each of the following random variables is discrete or continuous:
(a) The number of defective bulbs on a house ;

(b) The body temperature of a COVID19 positive patient ;

(c) The number of pages in a book ;

(d) The number of eggs that a hen lays a day ; and

(e) The amount of water used by a household during a given month

2. A box contains four balls with distinct labels 1,2,3 and 4. Two balls are selected (one at a time)
without replacement. Denote the random variable X as X = ”sum of the labels of two balls”

(a) Determine the sample space Ω of the experiment ;

(b) List all the possible values of the random variable X ; and

(c) Determine the probability of occurring for each possible value of X.

3. Suppose that 3 cards are drawn from an ordinary deck of 52 cards, one by one, at random and with
replacement (meaning after drawing the first card, we return back the drawn card in the deck before we
draw the second card, return it back to the deck before drawing the last card). Denote the random
variable X as follows: X = ”the number of spades drawn.” Denote by S when the drawn card is a spade,
and by T if the outcome is any other suite.

(a) One of the outcomes of the experiment is (ST S); the first drawn card is a spade, the second one is
not, and the last card drawn is a spade. Determine the sample space Ω of the given experiment.

(b) List all the possible values of X.

(c) Determine the probability of occurring for each value of X.

STAT203 Probability and Statistics CHAPTER 2

Lesson 2 Activity #2
Name: Year and Section:
Answer the following problems as required. Show your handwritten solution on the space provided. You
can print this page or you can copy this format in another paper where you can answer.
1. Determine whether the function f defined by

is a probability function of the discrete random variable X, with possible values of 1,2,3, 4 or 5. If it is,
draw its probability histogram.

2. Consider the experiment of tossing two dice. Denote the random variable Y as
Y = ”the higher number of the two upturned faces”
(a) Determine the probability distribution of Y , that is list the values of Y and their probabilities in a
table ;

(b) Determine
i. P[Y ≥ 4]

ii. P[Y < 4]

iii. P[2 < Y < 6]

3. Consider tossing a coin for four times, and denote
X = ”number of tails you get when you toss a fair coins four times”
Determine the probability distribution of the random variable X by;
(a) using a table; and

(b) using a probability histogram.

STAT203 Probability and Statistics CHAPTER 2

Lesson 3 Activity Sheet 3

Name: Year and Section:
Answer the following problems as required. Show your handwritten solution on the space provided. You
can print this page or you can copy this format in another paper where you can answer.
1. The probability function f of X where
X = number of extrusions on an assembly with a large number of solder joints
is given below.
These extrusions are defined to be cases where the gap between the solder of two adjacent solder joints
is less than a specified value and their presence is likely to reduce the lifetime of the assembly.

x 0 1 2 3 4 5

f(x) .721 .133 .083 .055 .007 ?

(a) Assign a value for P[X = 5] = f(5), in order to make f a valid probability function of X;

(b) Determine the expected value of X;

(c) Determine V ar[X] and σX;

(d) Determine the probability that a randomly selected assembly’s number of extrusions would be
below the mean number of extrusions. (X is below µX); and
2. Consider the experiment of tossing two dice. and denote
X = the absolute difference between the two upturned faces of two dice.
that is X = |i i j|, where i is the upturned face value of one die and j is the upturned face value of the
other die, i = 1, ..., 6 and j = 1, ..., 6.
(a) Determine the probability distribution of X;

(b) Find the expected value of X ; and

(c) Find the variance of X.

STAT203 Probability and Statistics CHAPTER 3

Lesson 3.1-3.3 Activity #1

Name: Year and Section:
Answer the following problems as required. Show your handwritten solution on the space provided. You
can print this page or you can copy this format in another paper where you can answer.
Honda Beast, a professional Mobile Legends Player, wanted to create a pool of players from Negros
Occidental. He informed his staff if they can provide him with some data with regards to the positions of
support, marksman and mage users and their winrates for some specified heroes in different areas of
the said province. After a while, his staff handed him a 3 page document:

1. In the first page of document listed the population of mage users and their winrates (in percent) for
the hero ”Kagura”. The population has a mean winrate of 72 % and a standard deviation of 2.5 %.

(a) If Hondabeast will consider random samples of 40 winrates of Kagura users, will the sampling
distribution of sample means be normally distributed? Explain your answer using the Central Limit
Theorem.

i. Find the value of mean of the sample means µx

ii. Determine the standard deviation of the sample means σx

(b) Consider the case that the population of winrates is normally distributed, and he considered
choosing random samples of size 10, will the distribution of the sample means be normally
distributed as well? Explain your answer using the Central Limit Theorem.

2. For the role of support, he suggested to focus on ”Faramis” users. In the second page of the
document, in the population of winrates, from Faramis users, has a mean winrate of the users is 67.2%
and he was bewildered that the population standard deviation is unknown. Nonetheless, he considered
choosing a random sample of 7 users with the following winrates (%):
77.2 69.1 66.4 80.4 65.9 64.0 79.2

(a) Find the sample mean x of the given random sample.

(b) Find the standard deviation s of the given random sample.

3. In the last page of the document, he was amazed with the data from the population of Granger users.
The mean winrate of the population is 89% and with a population standard deviation σ of 2%. If he is to
consider random samples of 40 winrates from 40 Granger users,

(a) What is the probability that the mean of 40 winrates will exceed 91%? ;

(b) What is the probability that the mean of 40 winrates will be between 87% and 91%
STAT203 Probability and Statistics CHAPTER 4
4.10 Chapter Assessment
Name: Year and Section:
Instructions: Answer the following questions completely.
1. After the laboratory test for the Project GEMINI method of gender selection is completed, a
hypothesis test will be conducted where the alternative hypothesis is HA : p > 0.5 which corresponds to
the claim that the method used increases the likelihood of having a boy, that is, the proportion of boys is
greater than 0.5. If you are responsible for developing the method and you want to show its
effectiveness, which of the following resulting p-values would you prefer: 0.999, 0.5, 0.95, 0.05, 0.01,
0.001? Why?

2. Examine the given statement, then express the null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis in symbolic
form. Be sure to use the correct symbol (µ for population mean, p for the proportion, σ for population
standard deviation) for the indicated parameter.
(a) The mean annual income of employees who took a statistics course is greater than ✩60,000.

(b) The proportion of people aged 18 to 25 who currently use illicit drugs is equal to 0.20 (or 20%).

(c) The standard deviation of human body temperatures is equal to 0.62◦F.

3. If a null hypothesis is rejected with a significance level of 0.05, is it also rejected with a significance
level of 0.01? Why or why not?
4. If a null hypothesis is rejected with a significance level of 0.01, is it also rejected with a significance
level of 0.05? Why or why not?

5. Listed below are amounts of strontium-90 (in millibecquerels or mBq per gram of calcium) in a simple
random sample of baby teeth obtained from Pennsylvania residents and New York residents born after
1979.

Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that the mean amount of strontium-90 from Pennsylvania
residents is different than the mean amount from New York residents. Use both (i) critical value method
and (ii) p-value method

(a) Hypotheses: (State the hypotheses both in words and symbols. Denote µP for the mean amount of
strontium-90 from Pennsylvania residents, and µN for the mean amount of strontium-90 from New York
residents.)
i. H0 :

ii. HA :