PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ALGERIA

MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

M’HAMED BOUGARA UNIVERSITY - BOUMERDES

Faculty of Technology
Department of Mechanical Engineering

Fundamental Electronics 1

LEMEC-20 (A & B)
Mini-Project

TITLE

Thyristor

Name First name Group

TOUMI WALID B

Lecturer:M. A.Mellal

Academic year: 2021-2022

History of thyristor :

A thyristor is a solid-state semiconductor electronic switch made up of four

layers, alternately N and P doped. It is one of the essential components of
power electronics. It takes its name from the Greek thura which means door
and from the suffix “istor” which comes from the word transistor. It behaves
like a synchronous rocker, i.e. it remains controlled on switching on, by the
trigger (g), but not on switching off which is caused by the passage of the main
current Iak to a value lower than holding current IH.

The first commercial thyristors

came out in 1956.

Symbole électrique :
Définition :
Thyristor (SCR) is a semiconductor device that performs the action of
switching as well as rectification. It is a 4 layer and 3 junction device formed
by the combination of alternating p and n-type semiconductor material.

Thyristor switching circuits

• DC Thyristor Circuit
• AC Thyristor circuit

a) DC Thyristor Circuit:

When connected to the DC supply, to control the larger DC loads and

current we use thyristor. The main advantage of thyristor in a DC circuit as
a switch gives a high gain in current. A small gate current can control large
amounts of anode current, so the thyristor is known as a current operated
device.

b) AC Thyristor Circuit:

When connected to the AC supply, thyristor acts differently because it is

not same as DC connected circuit. During one half of a cycle, thyristor used
as an AC circuit causing it to turn off automatically due to its reverse biased
condition.
Applications of thyristor :
 In controlling systems: These are widely used in controlling ac as well as
dc motors.
 In transmission lines: Employing thyristors in transmission lines
improves their power factor.
 In switching applications: As they have a tremendous ability to switch
between on and off state. Thus, majorly used in switching applications.
 In HVDC transmission: Thyristors have now become an essential part of
high voltage transmission lines.

Static characteristic of Thyristor :

1. The thyristor is a current controlled device. As a large anode current is
controlled by some small value of gate current.
2. After applying a triggering pulse, the device functions as a rectifier.
3. Even if trigger pulse is provided, the device does not conduct in reverse
biased mode.
4. If anode current once surpasses the latching current, then removal of gate
pulse does not off the thyristor.
5. Proper conduction through the device only takes place when anode current
exceeds the holding current.

Thyristor is used in various applications such as:

 Mainly used in variable speed motor drives.

 Used in controlling high power electrical application.
 Used mainly in AC motors, lights, welding machines etc.
 Used in fault current limiter and circuit breaker.
 Fast switching speed and low conduction is possible in ETO thyristor.
 Used as light dimmers in television, movie theatres.
 Used in photography for flashes.
 Can be used in burglar alarms.
 Used in electric fan speed control.
 Used in car ignition switches.

Types of Thyristors :
 Silicon controlled thyristor or SCRs.
 Gate turn off thyristors or GTOs.
 Emitter turn off thyristors or ETOs.
 Reverse conducting thyristors or RCTs.
 Bidirectional Triode Thyristors or TRIACs.
 MOS turn off thyristors or MTOs.
 Bidirectional phase controlled thyristors or BCTs.
 Fast switching thyristors or SCRs.

References Bibliographiques :
o
 https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyristor#:~:text=Il%20se%20comporte
%20comme%20une,commerciaux%20sont%20sortis%20en%201956.

 https://www.google.com/search?q=thyristor+symbole&source=lnms&t
bm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjg3PHkr8D1AhUi2uAKHXHgA7wQ_AUo
AXoECAEQAw&biw=1024&bih=635&dpr=1#imgrc=BwSxsqsSGvcGUM

 https://www.google.com/search?q=thyristor+symbole&source=lnms&t
bm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjg3PHkr8D1AhUi2uAKHXHgA7wQ_AUo
AXoECAEQAw&biw=1024&bih=635&dpr=1#imgrc=zZuE3I6VyFoOiM

 https://mdesemiconductor.com/what-is-a-thyristor-types-of-
thyristors-and-their-uses/

 https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/worksheets/thyristor-application-
circuits/

 https://www.elprocus.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/DC-
Thyristor-Circuit.jpg

 https://scontent.falg61.fna.fbcdn.net/v/t1.157529/271619941_198734
2448110962_88