WINTER 2023

UNIT 17

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TABLE OF CONTENT
PERFORMANCE PERFORMANCE
1 7
OVERVIEW OVERVIEW

PERFORMANCE
2 8 AGE RANGE
OVERVIEW

PERFORMANCE
3 9 TOP POSTS
OVERVIEW

SUMMER
4 MARKETING 1 0T O P S T O R I E S
BUDGET

SOCIAL MEDIA
5 1 1N E X T S T E P S
B INSIGHTS
O
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2/
C PERFORMANCE PERFORMANCE
E
6 1 12
OVERVIEW
1 OVERVIEW
L
 1 5
Communication
Digital graphics are incredibly useful when
it comes to presenting information and
concepts. They have the ability to generate
charts, graphs, infographics and diagrams
that simplify data and ideas making them
more accessible. In areas such, as business,
education and journalism digital graphics
play a role, in ensuring communication.
2 3 Artistic
Entertainment
Graphics have an impact, on the entertainment
sector. They are extensively utilized in video
games, films, animations and virtual reality
encounters to craft captivating and visually
stunning realms. Moreover graphics elevate the
appeal of websites, mobile applications and
social media content to enhance entertainment
and foster engagement.
Five Main Purposes
DIGITAL
GRAPHICS!
expression
Numerous artists and designers employ
digital graphics to express their vision. The
use of art tools empowers artists to
explore visual styles encompassing
traditional painting, illustration, as well, as
abstract and experimental forms.
Moreover digital graphics foster.
Experimentation, throughout the journey.
Education
Digital images are useful teaching aids in
classrooms. They can be used to develop
instructional motion pictures, dynamic
simulations, multimedia education
modules, and learning materials. The use
of graphics increases learning by making
material fascinating, interactive, and
memorable.
4
Advertising
Campaigns for advertising and marketing
purposes have to incorporate digital graphics.
They are employed for making captivating
promotional items, social media messages,
logos, banners, and promotions.
Organizations are able to draw in and keep
consumers with the support of superior
graphics.
 T H E D ATA P R OT E C T I O N A C T 1 9 9 8
The Data Protection Act 1998 was a UK law that regulated how personal data

01 was used and made sure it was used in a fair and legal way. It gave people rights
over their personal data, like the ability to see, update, and delete their files. In
2018, the GDPR was introduced to bring data protection laws across the EU into
line.
COMPUTER MISUSE ACT 1990
The problem of accessing or changing data without

02 permission was addressed with the creation of the Computer

Misuse Act in 1990. Unauthorized use of computer resources.
You observe your friend entering their password and user
name. You keep track of their login information and, without
asking, log in later to view all of their communications.

Digital F R E E D O M O F I N F O R M AT I O N A C T 2 0 0 0

Legislation 03
On November 30, 2000, the Freedom of Information Act was
adopted. The majority of UK public entities, including us, now
have a general right of access to all sorts of recorded material.
Additionally, it lays forth a number of exceptions and imposes
some requirements on those public agencies.

C O P Y R I G H T L E G I S L AT I O N A C T 1 9 8 8
It provides the authors of writing, dramatic, artistic, and creative works the ability to

04 determine how those works are used. Broadcast and public performance, copying,
adapting, issuing, renting, and lending copies to the public are all covered by the
rights.
 RASTER AND VECTOR
Vector graphics are made up of points, lines, and forms,
and the final image is drawn by a computer using a
mathematical equation. Although they are actually 2D,
Vector stacking various elements and applying textures can give
an image a 3D aspect. The most common vector graphic
format is.SVG, but other formats include.eps,.cgm,.odg,
and.xml.

Raster images are typically the first type of images to come

to mind when considering images. These images are created
when an object is scanned or photographed. The raster
image is composed of pixels, or small dots, which contain Raster
distinct color and tone information that combine to form
the image.
@REALLYGREATSITE

RASTER IMAGE PRINCIPLES

The list stated below are what makes up raster digital graphics, without them raster is incomplete.
WE NEED TO
KNOW THE LIKE ALREADY
THIS IS A SIMILAR
DIMENSIONS OF MENTIONED, THE
PROCESSES TO
THE ARRAY IN VARIETY OF BITS
ANTI-ALIASING
ORDER FOR A APPLIED TO
WHEN
A TWO- COMPUTER TO DEFINE THE
RENDERING
DIMENSIONAL MAKE SENSE OF COLOR OF EACH
2D ARRAYS RESOLUTION DIMENTIONS G R ASPAHM
I CPSL.I N
I TGI S A BIT DEPTH
ARRAY IS An image's resolution might refer THE DATA - PIXEL MIGHT
TECHNIQUE FOR
BASICALLY A to two separate things: REMEMBER, ALL AFFECT THE
SMOOTHING OUT
GRID. IT IS A The image's dimensions in pixels DIGITAL QUALITY OF THE
BORDERS AND
COLLECTION OF (width x height). INFORMATION IS IMAGE. IN BROAD
CHARACTERISTIC
DATA THAT IS The amount of pixels per inch MERELY A SERIES TERMS, THE
S WHEN
ORGANIZED INTO (ppi) - 300dpi, for example, is OF BINARY MORE BITS PER
GROWING
COLUMNS AND considered good print resolution NUMBERS. IT IS A PIXEL, THE
PHOTOS OR
ROWS BY (300 pixels fit into a 1′′ space on STREAM OF 0S WIDER THE
CONVERTING
PUTTING X AND Y AND 1S VARIETY OF
paper). Note that this is not the VECTORS TO
COORDINATES). WHETHER THE COLORS THAT
same as dpi, a printer RASTERS.
DATA IS TEXT, A MAY BE
measurement that may be
SERIES OF SPECIFIED.
2880dpi - the dpi must be far
NUMERIC
higher than the ppi in order for the
VALUES, OR AN
printer to mix the many shades
IMAGE.
required to accurately display a
photograph or other image.
 Applications of raster-based 2D
images

Images Packaging Print advertising Computer games

Raster images are made up of Print materials typically Print materials typically
Raster images are typically
pixels, which are tiny squares employ raster images for employ raster images for
suitable for digital publishing,
of color that can be used to superior graphics and superior graphics and
however, they may not be
create really detailed images photographs. These images photographs. These images
suitable for print
like pictures. The bigger the may be utilized to promote may be utilized to promote
reproductions. Web-based
pixels, the better the image products, emphasize products, emphasize
raster images tend to be
quality, and the same goes for elements, or construct visually elements, or construct visually
stored in low-resolution
raster files. captivating layouts. captivating layouts.
formats, making them
unsuitable for print
reproduction.
 Vector Image Principles
Node
The vector node is the most
comprehensive of our shape
representations, enabling you to
define single vertices, segments
and regions. These nodes are
typically generated in the user
interface (UI) through the use of
the pen tool, the pencil tool or
when flattening the selection. To
learn more about vector
networks, please visit our help
page.
Path
What is a vector path in
graphics design? A vector path
is an outline that is drawn or
generated. It is a series of
straight lines, not raster dots, so
the paths are not related to
resolution. However, vectors
and bitmaps have a unique
property that allows them to
change size or shape based on
the new size.
Voxel
Voxels look like regular pixels,
but they're actually cubes
instead of squares. Basically,
they're the perfect way to
create reality. Our world is made
up of something like voxels, only
smaller and called sub-atomic
particles.
Geometrical
Geometrical primitives are the
fundamental elements used to
represent three-dimensional
forms. This section introduces
points, lines and planes.
Subsequent chapters in the
book focus on curves (section
5.1) and surfaces (section 12.3)
and volumes (section 12.5).
 Applications of vector-based 2D
images
01
Brand
If your brand isn't up-to-date, people
might think you're old-school. But
vector graphics can help you show
off your knowledge of modern design
while still staying true to your brand.
Geometrical designs are a popular
choice, but don't have to be too wild
or sci-fi.
02
Create Limited-Time
Collateral
If your brand doesn't have a specific
design for seasonal items like gift
cards or gift tags or greeting cards,
you can use scalable vector graphics
to quickly and easily design this kind
of brand collateral. You can add your
own branding to the design by
editing colors, as long as the vector
points join together to form a closed
shape.
03 04
Embroidery Animation
Computer-generated 2D animations,
Computational sewing machines are
commonly referred to as vector-
capable of rapidly staining custom
based animations, employ the same
designs onto a variety of garments.
methods of animation as traditional
This process necessitates vector
animation, however, they are able to
input in order to function, as the
benefit from the absence of physical
machine must be directed to stitch
objects, as opposed to traditional
out the desired shapes, which cannot
animation, due to the utilization of
be achieved with pixel-based data.
computer interpolation at the same
time.
Principles and applications of
representing 3D images in
digital format
 @REALLYGREATSITE

MESH CONSTRUCTION
In 3D modeling, mesh construction
is a process that involves the
alteration of primitive shapes to
form a basic model, typically in
the form of a rough draft. The
primary purpose of box modeling is
the extrusion and scaling of
faces, which form the flat planes
of Ba model.
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 EXTRUSION
MODELLING
Extrusion modelling, also known as inflation
modelling, is the process of creating a 2D shape
by tracing the outline of a subject from a
photograph or drawing. Subsequently, the user
uses a second image from a different angle to
extrude the 2D shape into 3D, again tracing the
outline of the object. This technique is most
commonly used to create faces and heads.
Generally, the artist models half of the head,
duplicates its vertices, inverts their position
relative to a plane, and joins the two pieces
together to achieve a symmetrical model.
SPLINE
MODELING
Spli ne modeling is a 3D mode li ng
te chni que that prov ides a cos t -
e f f ective and ef f icient alternati v e to
the us e of polygons in organic
modeling. In 3D modeling, a spline is
a li ne ar line that outlines a curv e .
Thi s curv e is composed of multi ple
poi nts , and the curv ed s pline i s the n
e xtrude d or lathed to f orm a me s h.
The me s h f ormed f rom the
i nte rs e cting s pline is compos ed of
are as re f erred to as patches .
BOX MODELLING
Box modelling is the process of modelling from a basic
primitive shape. This is the process of producing a
rough draft model. The image below shows an example
of a basic foot model. The middle shape is considered
to be the mid -point of the box modelling process. After
searching various forums, it appears that the most
popular method of box modelling is Box Modeling. Box
Modeling would contrast with Edge Modeling and
Subdivision Modeling. Edge Modeling is a process in
which the modeller modifies individual vertices.
Rendering
What is Digital Rendering? Digital rendering is
when you use a program to create an image
using a model you've already created. The
model you create is a three-dimensional
representation of the object you're trying to
render. It's made up of data in a specific format
or language, and it's used to describe
everything from the viewpoint to the geometry
to the lighting to the texture.
 ASPECTS OF RENDERING
RADIOSITY SCANLINE Z-BUFFER
RAY BUMP
LIGHTING TRACING MAPPING

This is a classic This is a classic Z-Buffer, on the other

rendering technique. rendering technique. hand, is a 2D data
Basically, scanline is an Basically, scanline is an structure that
Ray tracing is a
Lighting serves algorithm used to figure
great way to create algorithm used to figure The principle of bump calculates, optimizes,
the same purpose out the surface of a out the surface of a mapping is analogous and stores each pixel's
a realistic lighting
as shading, which computer graphic. computer graphic. to that of texture depth value. For
effect that looks
is to create a Basically, it scans the
just like natural Basically, it scans the top mapping; only the instance, when
more natural and top line of the y-axis of
lighting. It works by line of the y-axis of each former is utilized to rendering a 3D object,
expansive visual each 3D object that
adjusting the light 3D object that makes up generate 3D reliefs. the algorithm
environment. makes up the model.
based on diffusion the model. Then, it reads This implies that on a composes the image
Depending on the Then, it reads out the out the digital two-dimensional pixel-by-pixel using the
and reflection, plus
render setting, digital information from information from each image, individual pixels nearest to the
soft shadows. It's
artificial lighting each poly (like colors, poly (like colors, bumps should appear camera. In this
usually used for
or daylight can be textures, and effects) textures, and effects) to be three- example, the distance
commercial
used. and converts it into a and converts it into a dimensional in value of a pixel is
purposes, like for
two-dimensional image. two-dimensional image. appearance. stored in Z-Buffer.
ads.
3D in Digital
Graphics
3D stands for three-dimensional in the area of computer
graphics and visual representation. It relates to the
fabrication or depiction of three-dimensional objects or
scenes: length, width, and depth. Objects in 3D space
can have depth, which gives the sense of volume and
allows them to appear to occupy space in front of or
behind other objects. Depth perception is done by a
variety of approaches, including perspective, shading,
and the use of three-dimensional coordinates (x, y, and
z) to locate things in virtual space.
APPLICATIONS
OF 3D IMAGES
ENTERTAINMENT
AND MEDIA:
3D MOVIES AND ANIMATION: TO CREATE A MORE
IMMERSIVE WATCHING EXPERIENCE, 3D
TECHNOLOGY IS EXTENSIVELY EMPLOYED IN MOVIES
AND ANIMATED PICTURES. TO SENSE DEPTH IN THE
CONTENT, VIEWERS USE SPECIAL GLASSES.
MANY RECENT VIDEO GAMES USE 3D VISUALS TO
CREATE REALISTIC SCENES AND CHARACTERS,
WHICH IMPROVES GAMEPLAY AND IMMERSION.
MEDICAL
IMAGING:
MEDICAL SCANS: 3D IMAGING TECHNIQUES SUCH
AS CT SCANS AND MRI SCANS ARE USED IN
FIELDS SUCH AS RADIOLOGY TO BUILD
DETAILED 3D RECONSTRUCTIONS OF THE HUMAN
BODY. THIS IS BENEFICIAL IN TERMS OF
DIAGNOSIS, THERAPY PLANNING, AND SURGICAL
OPERATIONS.
Surgical Planning: Surgeons employ 3D
reconstructions of patients' anatomy to
plan surgeries precisely, lowering risks
and increasing outcomes.
ARCHITECTURE
AND DESIGN:
3D modeling and rendering are used
by architects and designers to
produce accurate representations of
buildings and interior spaces. Clients
can gain a better understanding of
the designs before they are built.
Industrial designers utilize 3D
modeling to prototype and visualize
goods in detail, which aids in the
design and manufacturing processes.
VIRTUAL REALITY (VR)
AND AUGMENTED
REALITY (AR):
VR IMMERSION: 3D GRAPHICS ARE UTILIZED IN
VIRTUAL REALITY TO CREATE IMMERSIVE EXPERIENCES
FOR GAMING, TRAINING, EDUCATION, AND
SIMULATIONS.
Augmented reality overlays 3D visuals onto the
real world, increasing experiences in domains
such as education, navigation, and gaming.
EDUCATION
AND TRAINING:
MEDICAL EDUCATION: HUMAN ANATOMY AND
SURGICAL TECHNIQUES ARE TAUGHT TO
MEDICAL STUDENTS USING 3D MODELS AND
SIMULATIONS.
Simulations for Training: 3D
simulations are used in a variety of
industries, including aviation and
the military, to teach workers in
difficult scenarios.
 Impact of
2D and 3D digital
graphic
 Dimensions
2D visuals are often rendered in two dimensions,
namely width and height. This simplicity contributes to
the ease of creation and interpretation, which improves
usage. However, when representing intricate spatial
relationships, the lack of depth information can limit
their accuracy.
3D graphics include a third dimension, depth, which
improves accuracy in displaying three-dimensional
objects or surroundings. However, adding this
dimension might increase complexity, potentially
affecting usability for individuals unfamiliar with 3D
navigation.
Scalability
2D Graphics: Because they do not require additional
depth information, 2D graphics are frequently
extremely scalable. Vector images, in particular,
scale without loss of visual quality regardless of size.
3D graphics: Scaling 3D graphics can be difficult.
Increased scale of 3D objects or scenes might
reveal detail limitations, while decreased scale can
make small features difficult to identify, thereby
affecting both usability and accuracy.
Color Management
2D Graphics: Color management is well-established
and quite simple in 2D graphics. Color constancy
and accuracy are easier to obtain, which improves
usability and accuracy.
Color management in 3D graphics can be more
difficult, especially when creating realistic scenes
with complicated lighting circumstances. Accurate
color representation may necessitate more
complicated procedures, which may have an
influence on both usability (due to complexity) and
accuracy (if not handled appropriately).
 2D Graphics: For display, 2D graphics,
particularly vector graphics, can be simply
rasterized into pixel-based images. This
method frequently preserves great image
quality.
Rasterizing 3D Scenes: Rasterizing 3D scenes
entails transforming sophisticated 3D data
into 2D images (frames). The precision of the
resulting image is greatly influenced by the
quality of this procedure, which may include

Rasterizing anti-aliasing and other approaches.

Rendering
2D graphics rendering is often simple
because it entails rendering flat, two-
dimensional shapes and objects.
3D graphics rendering is substantially
more sophisticated, requiring techniques
like ray tracing and shading. Realistic
rendering improves accuracy but also
introduces computing hurdles and has
an impact on usability owing to longer
rendering times.
@reallygreatsite
Quantization
2D Graphics: In 2D graphics, quantization
usually refers to the number of colors
used in an image (e.g., 8-bit or 24-bit
color). Color depiction is more accurate
when the color depth is higher.
3D Graphics: In 3D graphics, quantization
can relate to the precision of 3D
coordinates. Higher precision (more bits)
enables more accurate item placement
in 3D space.
Anti-Aliasing
2D graphics require anti-aliasing to smooth jagged edges
and increase visual quality, especially when scaling down
images or rendering text. By eliminating visual artifacts, it
improves accuracy and usability.
3D Graphics: Due to the complexity of rendering scenes with
numerous objects and lighting situations, anti-aliasing is
even more important in 3D graphics. It increases the
precision of object edges and textures, which contributes to a
more realistic appearance, although it may impose
computational overhead.
Principles and application of hardware
and software tools used in the
development of 2D and 3D graphics

PREPARED BY SADAAT TIJANI

 Capture
Tools
Camera
Cameras are required for photographing
real-world scenes and things. They include
image sensors, connectivity choices, modes,
composition features, and viewing angles.
Image quality and resolution are
determined by image sensors such as CCD
or CMOS. Data transfer from the camera to
a computer is possible via connectivity
options. Exposure, focus, and framing are
all controlled by modes and composition
characteristics, while the angle of view
influences perspective and visual narrative
in graphics.
 SCANNER
Scanners are devices that are used to
digitize tangible documents or
images. Resolution (measured in dots
per inch or DPI), file type (e.g., JPEG,
TIFF, PNG), and color format (e.g.,
RGB or CMYK) are all important
concerns. Higher resolution scanners
create more detailed images, while
file type and color format influence
software and output device
compatibility.
 GRAPHICS
TABLET
Graphics tablets are input devices
that enable accurate drawing and
design work. They come with a variety
of pens, pencils, and brushes that can
be used to replicate various artistic
instruments. Pressure sensitivity and
precision are important aspects in
determining input quality.
Graphics Card RAM
RAM is specialized memory on a graphics
card that is used to store textures, shaders,
and other graphics data. More RAM enables
more fluid rendering of complex sceneries
and larger textures.

CACHE
Cache memory is used in graphics cards to
temporarily store frequently used data, reducing
the requirement to get it from main RAM. A larger
cache can help with performance, particularly for
recurring operations.
PROCESSOR
The GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) on the graphics card is in
charge of rendering duties. Its processing power, measured in
gigaflops or teraflops, influences rendering speed and quality.
Because modern GPUs are massively parallel CPUs, they are
well suited to graphics-intensive applications.
 SCREE
N
Output Devices The selection of screen technology has an
impact on the visual display of graphics. CRT
screens, which are no longer widely used, were
recognized for their deep blacks and quick
refresh rates. LCD panels are widely used
because they are more energy efficient and
have tiny form factors. Resolution and color
calibration are further factors that influence
how visuals appear on screens.

PRINTERS

Printers are used for physical output. The level

of detail in printed visuals is determined by
printer resolution, which is measured in DPI.
The quality of printed graphics is also affected
by color accuracy and printer type (inkjet or
laser).
software
applications for
manipulating
graphics
 02

Vector-Based
Software
Inkscape is a free and open-source vector graphics
editor that lets you create, edit, and transform vector
graphics. It can be used to create logos, graphics,
diagrams, and scalable artwork. Inkscape's native file
format is SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics).

Adobe Illustrator: Adobe Illustrator is a vector

graphics software designed for professionals. It has
sophisticated tools for designing logos, icons,
typography, and intricate graphics. Illustrator works
well with other Adobe Creative Cloud tools and
supports a variety of vector formats.
 01

Raster-Based Software

GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program): GIMP is an open-

source raster graphics editor with capabilities for picture
editing, image composition, and digital painting. It is frequently
used as a free substitute for Adobe Photoshop, and it supports a
wide range of image formats.

Adobe Photoshop: Adobe Photoshop is a raster graphics editor

that is widely used in photo editing, image modification,
graphic design, and digital painting. It has a large number of
tools and functions, including complex layering and masking.
 04

3D Image Editors
Blender : Blender is a free and open-source 3D modeling,
sculpting, texturing, rigging, animation, and rendering
software. It's commonly used to make 3D models,
animations, visual effects, and even video games. Blender
has a vibrant community and supports a variety of 3D
formats.

Autodesk's Maya software is a 3D modeling and

animation software program that is widely used in the
film, television, and game development sectors. It has
extensive 3D modeling, animation, and simulation
features, making it ideal for character animation and
complicated 3D sceneries.
 09

Image
Galleries
Image gallery software is used to manage
and display image collections. It includes
capabilities for viewing and organizing
photos like as metadata tagging,
categorization, and user-friendly
interfaces. NextGEN Gallery for WordPress
and Piwigo are two examples.
 10

File Conversion
Users can use file conversion
software to convert graphics
between different formats,
resolutions, and color spaces.
These tools are crucial for
assuring platform and device
compatibility. For PDF
conversion, consider
ImageMagick, XnConvert, and
Adobe Acrobat.
The impact of the hardware and
software tool selection on the digital
graphic usability and accuracy
Export Ratios and
Compression
The export ratios and compression settings for digital
graphics can be influenced by hardware and program
choices. Higher-quality export settings produce larger file
sizes but higher image fidelity.
Compression algorithms such as JPEG can cause image
detail loss, particularly in photographic photos, whereas
formats such as PNG provide lossless compression,
keeping image quality.
Color Channels and
Color Depth
The color channels available for graphics can be
influenced by the program and hardware used.
You can deal with different color modes in some
software, such as RGB (Red, Green, Blue) or CMYK
(Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Key/Black).
Image bit depth (e.g., 8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit)
influences color accuracy and gradation. Images
with a high bit depth can depict a wider range of
colors and tones.
Image
Manipulation
Techniques:
The capabilities of the program are crucial
in image manipulation. High-end software,
such as Adobe Photoshop, provides a
plethora of capabilities for picture
retouching, compositing, and
enhancement.
The GPU, in particular, influences the speed
and responsiveness of complicated image
transformations such as applying filters or
displaying 3D effects.
 Color proofing and testing features
may be available in hardware and
software technologies. Color profiles

Proofing and and color management settings

ensure that colors are represented

Testing accurately across several devices

and media.
Proofing tools assist designers in
simulating how the final images
would appear in print or on various
screens, lowering the chance of
unexpected results.
VECTOR VS
RASTOR
 1 Raster 2 Vector
Resolution Independence: Vector graphics are not
Resolution: The amount of pixels per inch (PPI) or
affected by resolution. Because they are specified
dots per inch (DPI) determines the resolution of a
by mathematical equations, you can scale them
raster picture. When you zoom in on a raster
up or down without sacrificing quality.
image, you can see individual pixels, which causes
a loss of quality if you enlarge it too much.
Editing: Vector graphics are simple to edit since
you can move, resize, and reshape the individual
Scalability: Because raster images are resolution-
pieces without losing quality. Vector editing
dependent, expanding them can result in quality
software such as Adobe Illustrator and CorelDRAW
loss (pixelation when enlarged, detail loss when
are widely used.
compressed).

Scalability: Vector images are perfect for logos,

Editing raster pictures entails manipulating
icons, typography, and illustrations that must be
individual pixels. Adobe Photoshop and GIMP are
resized on a regular basis while keeping sharpness
two popular raster image altering programs.
and clarity.
Raster graphics are commonly used in photo
editing, digital painting, and retouching.
File Size: Vector files are typically less in size than
raster graphics, making them more suitable for
Raster graphics are particularly good at expressing
web use and printing.
complex, detailed, and realistic situations such as
pictures, natural landscapes, and 3D renders.
Limitations: Because vector graphics struggle to
convey the delicacy and realism of raster pictures,
they are less ideal for displaying complicated,
detailed, or photographic content.
usability of vector
• Logo Design: Vector graphics are essential for creating logos. Logos often need to be displayed at various sizes, from small icons
on a website to large banners on billboards. Vector graphics can be scaled up or down without any loss of quality, ensuring the
logo always looks sharp and clear.
• Icon Design: Icons used in user interfaces, mobile apps, websites, and software are typically created as vector graphics. They need
to be resizable while maintaining clarity and sharpness.
• Typography: Fonts and text are often designed as vector graphics. This allows for precise control over the shape, size, and style of
text elements.
• Illustrations: Vector graphics are commonly used for creating digital illustrations, whether for artistic purposes, technical drawings,
infographics, or diagrams. They offer flexibility for creating stylized, clean, and precise illustrations.
• Cartography and GIS (Geographic Information Systems): Maps are often created as vector graphics. This is crucial for
cartographers and GIS professionals because it allows them to zoom in and out on maps without losing detail.
• Engineering and Technical Drawings: Vector graphics are employed in engineering and architectural drawings, schematics, and
diagrams. Engineers and architects rely on the scalability and precision of vectors.
• Print Design: Vector graphics are used extensively in print design, including brochures, posters, flyers, and business cards. They
ensure high-quality output when printed at various sizes.
• Web Design: While raster images are used for photographs and complex graphics on websites, vector graphics are used for
elements like logos, buttons, and icons. They help maintain crispness and clarity on high-resolution displays.
Usability of rastor
• Photography: Raster images are the standard format for photographs, whether taken with digital cameras
or scanned from film. They excel at capturing the fine details, colors, and textures of real-world scenes.
• Digital Art and Illustrations: Many digital artists and illustrators use raster graphics software (e.g., Adobe
Photoshop, Corel Painter) to create intricate and detailed artwork, character designs, and concept art.
• Photo Editing and Retouching: Raster graphics are essential for editing and retouching photos.
Professionals and hobbyists use software like Photoshop to adjust colors, remove imperfections, and
enhance images.
• Web Design: Raster images are commonly used in web design for elements like website banners, buttons,
and background images. They can provide visually appealing details and effects.
• Print Design: Raster images are used extensively in print media, including magazines, brochures, posters,
and packaging. Printers use raster images for their ability to represent intricate details and full-color
gradients.
• Texture Mapping in 3D Graphics: Raster textures are applied to 3D models in computer graphics to
simulate real-world surfaces, enhancing the realism of video games, movies, and architectural visualization.
• Medical Imaging: Raster images play a crucial role in medical imaging, such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs.
They help visualize internal structures and anomalies in the human body.