UNIT-8

TYPE OF BLOOD DONATION

Contents:
>TYPE OF DONATION(VOLUNTER,PAID,REPLACEMENT)
>SPECIAL BLOOD DONATION(AUTOLOGOUS,PREOPERATIVE)

The blood donor

All “fresh” blood components and manufactured blood products originate from the blood donor. Hence, the safety of
blood transfusion begins with careful selection of donors. To protect both, the donor and the recipient, from any ill
effects, donors must be in good health.

Types of Donors

Voluntary blood donor: The person who donates blood not for any particular patient and seeks nothing in return is
called a voluntary donor. The incidence of transfusion-transmitted diseases is much less in blood drawn from voluntary
donors. They are the best type of
donors and act as the lifeline of any blood transfusion service.

Replacement blood donor: The donor who donates blood as a replacement for some of his relative or friend is a
replacement donor.The majority of the blood supply in the blood banks of developing countries comes from
replacement donors.

Professional blood donor: The blood donors who seek benefit for their donation of blood in cash or kind are
professional donors. Such donors are likely to hide correct information about their health status and may carry some
infection. They are discouraged in most of the countries.

Autologous blood transfusion

The autologous blood transfusion is defined as transfusion of patient’s own blood. The other routinely practiced
transfusion is homologous transfusion. Even with the mandatory screening for most of the diseases transmitted through
blood, the safety of the transfusion is not guaranteed. In view of this, the autologous blood transfusion remains the best
bet.
The indications for autologous transfusion are:
• Patients with rare blood group or carrying antibodies against
commonly present antigens.
• Patients with Bombay blood group.
• To minimise risk of blood transmitted diseases.Transfusion therapy 89
Options for autologous transfusion

Predeposit(PREOPERATIVE)
The blood is collected weeks before the date of planned surgery and then transfused at the time of operation. This
requires proper storage facility. The contraindications are: active bacterial infection and Hb level less than 11 gm/dl.

Normovolumic haemodilution
Preoperative or Intraoperative normovolumic haemodilution is safe. The patients who are not anaemic get almost their
quarter volume withdrawn, immediately before operation and replaced by volume expander. The collected blood is
transfused after the surgery is over. This prevents the excessive loss of red cells during surgery.
Estimated blood volume × Initial

Steps of intraoperative blood salvage:THIS KIND OF PROCEDURE IS PERFORMED DURING SURGERY

ONLY IN DEVELOPED COUNTRY
>Suction
>Collection and filtration
>Preparation
>Separation
>Waste disposal
>Red cell salvage
>Re-infusion.

Postoperative salvage
The blood lost through oozing during the postsurgical phase and collected by cell saver is reinfused to the patient.
The salvage procedures have definite advantage where operative losses are very high.