ETHICS QUIZ NOTES

CHAPTER 1: LESSON 1 & 2

BELIEFS. These are assumptions or convictions held to be true by an

individual or a group of people.

TRUE. The positive lesson for Cultural relativism teaches us to keep an open
mind and to be more amendable in discovering the truth.

SOCIAL INTERACTION. The following are the critical elements that jointly
influence the human person's moral development cited in Plato's Republic
except one.

INTERCULTURAL UNDERSTANDING AND SOLIDARITY. It serves as the

foundation for consideration towards respect.

FALSE. Karl Marx suggested that child's cultural surrounding should express
the image of a noble character.

SYMBOL. An element of culture that a group of people find it meaningful.

NORM. It is rules of conduct that specify how people ought to think and act.

FALSE. Culture, according to Emile Durkheim, includes their knowledge,

belief, art, morals, law, customs, and any other capabilities and habits
acquired by man as a member of society.

TRUE. Culture is one way by which human societies adapt to their

environment.

FALSE. Plato says that culture served to justify inequality because the ruling
class determines what is right and wrong while the rest merely follow.

TRUE.
Cultural relativists said, moral code of a society determines what is right and
wrong. There is no objective standard considered better than the others.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION. It defines the concept of stewardship.

SYMBOL. Emoticons are combinations of keyboard characters that many use

to represent their feelings online or through texting.

SYMBOL. A red light at a traffic intersection is used to relay the message

that you need to stop your vehicle.

PERSONAL & FAMILY. The parent should show the ideal character in
understanding the concept of peace and non-violence.
NORM. This is informal guideline by a particular group of people or social unit
about what is considered normal or correct/incorrect social behavior.

FALSE. All groups within a society share the exact components of culture.

TRUE. Different societies have different moral codes.

TRUE. Cultural relativism dictates that moral code of the society has no
special status.

FALSE. A Cultural Relativism individual believes that his own culture is right,
more proper, more natural, or normal. When one uses his own cultural beliefs
as standards in judging other cultures, everything that is different from this
standard will be considered wrong or even abnormal.

FALSE. Cultural Relativism is a tendency to believe that one’s culture is

superior or above other cultures. This view considers one’s own culture as
the “center of everything,” seeing the world only from the perspective of
one’s own culture.

The following are the dangers of cultural relativism except one. IT WARNS US
FROM ASSUMING THAT OUR PREFERENCES ARE THE ABSOLUTE RATIONAL
STANDARD.

VALUES. It is what a person considers important or beneficial in life.

VALUES. It makes up human judgments of what is moral and immoral,

good and bad, right or wrong, beautiful and ugly.

TRUE. Filipino culture undergoes numerous changes, and will continuously

change in the future.

ESSAY:
Choose one out of six Dimensions and Operative Values in Promoting a
Culture of Peace by Archbishop Antonio Ledesma, emeritus. Then after
choosing, answer these following questions:

* How will you promote?

* Why do you promote this chosen dimension?

MY ANSWER: I choose the personal and family (spiritual) as this dimension explains how actions and
words of our parents whom we consider as our role model in our younger days will mold us in becoming a
better person. Its also in this way, will somehow create a domino effects to the next generation where a
good conduct, peace, and practices will be promoted.
LESSON 5& 6

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF A HUMAN BEING. The way to discover what happiness is
for Aristotle is to determine:

NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES SUCH AS INABILITY TO MAKE FRIENDS AND

ACADEMIC PROBLEMS. Lack of Moral development can lead to:

STRONGLY OBLIGATED. You know the identity of someone who has

committed a serious crime resulting in a person being badly injured. Are you
morally obliged to reveal their identity to an appropriate authority so that
they are dealt with justly?

PRECONVENTIONAL. A child at this stage children begin to understand that

different individuals have different viewpoints. In other words, they may
understand that what "dad" thinks is right may be different from what his/her
teacher may think is right.

The 'Golden Mean' is when..THERE IS A GOOD BALANCE OF A VIRTUE.

PUNISHMENT OBEDIENCE ORIENTATION. Understanding and living the value

of the Golden Rule.

TRUE. Conventional Morality involves interpersonal relationships and

conforming to social norms

POSTCONVENTIONAL. People at this stage develop their own set of moral

guidelines that may or not fit into the law. Things like human rights, justice,
and equality are most important even if they have to go against society and
have to face consequences.

PRECONVENTIONAL. If a child is good because they do not want to avoid

punishment, which stage are the students in?

CONVENTIONAL. In this stage, children are good so that they can be seen as
good to other people.

REWARD ORIENTATION. Children learn to behave in a manner based on the

principle "What's in it for me?"

CONVENTIONAL. In this stage, the child is aware of wider rules of society. At

this point, a student is good because of what society says.

PUNISHMENT OBEDIENCE ORIENTATION. It is also called "pre-moral" stage.

MAKE THE RIGHT MORAL DECISION. If you are a virtuous person, you will
always....
SOCIAL CONTRACT ORIENTATION. Person at this level understands that the
world hold different opinions, rights, and values; thus different views should
be mutually respected.

POSTCONVENTIONAL. During a war, a soldier refuses to fire on a village

because there may be children present.

GOOD BOY/GIRL ORIENTATION. The child tries to seek approval from other
people by living up to their expectations.

IT IS INBORN. How did Aristotle think that virtue could be acquired?

CONVENTIONAL. "I will refrain from making foolishness and mocking elder
ones because karma is real, be it not directly to me but also to my love
ones!"

ETHICAL PRINCIPLE ORIENTATION. Judgment here is based on abstract reasoning such

as being able to put oneself in other people's shoes.

AUTHORITY ORIENTATION. When someone violates the law, it is morally

wrong. The responsibility is a great factor on this stage because it separates
what is bad from what is good.

PRECONVENTIONAL. A child makes his bed every morning, because he

knows he will not get in trouble.

TRUE. Moral character refers to the existence of virtues such as integrity,

courage, fortitude, honest, and Loyalty.

TRUE. "Moral Development is the process through which individuals develop

attitudes and behaviors towards others."

EUDAIMONIA. The happy man that lives well and does well' refers to which of
the following?

What is a moral exemplar? A PERSON WHO SERVES AS A ROLE MODEL

POSTCONVENTIONAL. In this stage, individual judgment is based on

individual rights and justice for the greater good.

What's the best explanation of Aristotle's idea of 'Virtues'? VIRTUES ARE

GOOD THING THAT PEOPLE ARE BORN WITH

PRECONVENTIONAL. "I should maintain my scholarship because my parents

promised me that they will buy a new pair of shoes if I get high grades."

What do people seek above all else, according to Aristotle? EUDAIMONIA