CULTURE AND ITS RELATED CONCEPTS resulting disruption of the integration and

equilibrium of the culture.

• Culture integration. It refers to the bringing
together of conflicting cultural elements,
resulting in a harmonious, and cohesive
whole. It also refers to the mutual adjustment
of diverse or conflicting culture traits to from
a harmonious cultural system.
• Cultural variation. Each culture has a unique
character. Despite the presence of cultural
universals, there is still great diversity among
the many cultures, even within a nation,
certain segments of the populace will develop
cultural patterns which differ from those of
the dominant society.
• Cultural survival. It is related to cultural lag in
that it represents a traditional way that has
not changed with the times. However, it is a
distinct concept in the sense that it is used to
designate a practice which has lost its
functional significance completely and which
survives solely on the basis of custom.
• Culture Universal is an element, pattern, trait,
or institution that is common to all
human cultures worldwide.

• Ethnocentrism. It refers to the tendency to

assume that one’s culture and way of life are
superior to all others, the ethnocentric person
sees his/her own group as the center or
defining point of culture and views all other
cultures as deviations from what is normal.

• Cultural relativism. It refers to the viewing of

people’s behaviour from the perspective of
their own culture. It stresses that different
social contexts give rise to different norms
and values. It places a priority on
understanding other cultures, rather than
dismissing them as strange or exotic unlike
ethnocentrism. It also employs the kind of
value neutrality in scientific study.

• Xenocentrism. It is the belief that products,

styles, or ideas of one’s society are inferior to
those that originate elsewhere, or simply, the
rejection of the culture of one’s own group.

• Culture shock. It describes the occupational

disease of people who have been suddenly
transplanted in different culture than their
own. It refers to the feeling of surprise and
disorientation that is experienced when
people witness cultural practices different
from their own.

• Subcultures. They are groups whose values

and related behaviours are so distinct that
they set their members off from the general
culture.

• Culture lag. It refers to the situation when

one or some parts of a culture change at a
faster rate than other related parts, with a