0 0 CHAPTER 7 MECHANICAL VENTILATION AND oO SMOKE CONTROL SYSTEMS1 CHAPTERT MECHANICAL VENTILATION AND ‘SMOKE CONTROL SYSTEMS AIR-CONDITIONING & MECHANICAL ‘VENTILATION SYSTEMS -onditioning system is provided in lieu of mechanical ventilation system during emergency, all the requirements specified in this Code for the mechanical ventilation system shall apply to the air-conditioning system. (6) Ducts for air-conditioning and mechanical ventilation systems shall be constructed in compliance with the following requirements: (i) All sirconditioning or other ventilation ducts including framing thereof, shall be constructed of| steel, aluminium, glass-ibre batt or mineral-wool batt or other approved material. Gi) All air-conditioning or other ventilation ducts shall be adequately supported, (Gil) Duct covering and lining should be non-combustible. However, if itis necessary to ‘use combustible material, it shall- * when tested in accordance with methods specified in this Code, have a surface Name spread rating of not lower than Class 1, but in areas of building where Class 0” flame spreading rating is required for the csiing construction under this Code, a Cass O rating for the covering and lining materials shall be required; * when involved in fire generate a minimum amount of smoke and toxie gases; and Construe- tion of ductwork Duet Tinings & coverings© beat least 1.0 m away from a fire damper. (Gv) Materials and installation of all lexible joints | Flexible ‘and connections shall be in accordance with SS joint and CP 13 Code of Practice for Mechanical ‘connection Ventilation and Air-conditioning in Buildings. (©) Insulation for pipework associated with the Pipework air-conditioning and mechanical ventilation systems insulation Shall comply with the following requirements: (Insulation material for pipework together with ‘vapour barrier lining and adhesives shall when tested in accordance with the methods specified in this Code, have a surface flame spread of not c lower than Class 1 hut in areas of buildings Where Class 0 flame spread is required forthe ceiling construction under this Code, « Class 0 rating) for the insulation material shall be required ii) Notwithstanding the requirements of sub- Plastic clause (e\(), the use of plastic and foam rubber and foam insulation materials of a lower classification rubber may be permissible if insulation * the material isthe sol-extinguishing type to the satisfaction ofthe Relevant Authority * the insltion mitral is covered by or encased ina metal sheath o bybrd plaster oF c ose non-combustible lading materials seceptble tothe Relevant Author provided that any opening in the element of Structure or other part ofa building penetrated by the pipework shall be effectively fire-stopped by replacement of the insulation ‘material atthe junetion of penetration with fire resistant material having equal fire rating. Fire rated proprietary pipework system may be used if it is tested in the manner acceptable t0 the | Relevant Authority om@ © Enclosure of ducts shall comply with the requitements in sub-clause 3.89(2), Ventilation ducts should not pass through smoke-stop or fire fighting lobby. — Where unavoidable, the part of the ventilation duet within the lobby shall be enclosed in construction wit fire resistance rating at least equal to tha ofthe elements fof structure, Such construction shall be in masonry If other form of fire resisting construction is used, fire damper shall be fitted where the duct penetrates te lobby enclosure, ‘A concealed space between the ceiling and floor above it, ceiling and roof, or raised floor and structural floor of a building may be used as a plenum provided that- (@) The concealed space contains only * mineral-insulated metal-sheathed cable, sluminium-sheathed cable, copper-sheathed cable, rigid metal conduit, enclosed metal trunking, flexible metal conduit, liquid-tight flexible metal conduit in Lengths not more than 2m, ormetal-clad cables; cleciic equipment that is permitted within the concealed spaces of such structures if the wiring materials, including fixtures, are suitable for the expecie . ambient temperature {to which they willbe subiected; other ventilation duets complying with sub-l, Oo * communication cables for computers, television, telephone and inter-communication system; * fire protection installations; Duet enclosure Ductons ‘through smoke- stop or Tire fighting lobbies Plenum* pipes of non-combustible material conveying ‘non-Mlanmable liquids. Te supports for the ceiling membrane are of ‘non-combustible materia (=) No air conditioning or ventilation ducts shall penetrate separating walls, (8) Fire Dampers Ventilation ducts which pass directly through & compartment wall or compartment floor shall comply with the fllowing = * where the ventilation duet does not form a protected shaft or is not contained within @ protecting structure the duct shall be fitted with a fire damper where it passes through the compartment wal or compartment foo, ‘where the ventilation duct forms a protected shaft or is contained within a. protecting structure, the duct shall be fitted with fire dampers atthe inlets to the shaft and outlets fiom i (i) Conditions under which fire dampers are not ‘equired tobe fitted in openings of compariment walls and floors shall be in accordance with SS CP 13 Code of Practice for Mechanical Ventilation and Air-conditioning in Buildings (ii) Fire dampers shall not be fitted in the following locations: + openings in walls ofa smoke extract shaft or return air shaft which also serves as a smoke extract sha; * openings in walls of protected sha when the openings have a kitchen exhaust duct passing through i; oF Separae ting walls Provision of fire dampers Provision of fire dampers required Prohibi- ‘ion of fire dampers+ anywhere in an ai pressurising system; here explicitly probibited inthis Code (iv) Whete a fire damper is required by this Code to be installed in the airconditioning and mechanical ventilation system, its type, details of instalation, connection "of accessories, Inspection door, ee, shall be in accordance with SSCP 13 Code of Practice for Mechanical Ventilation and Air-conditioning in Buildings. Construction af the fire damper shall comply with requirements in SS CP 333 Specifications of Fire Dampers (@) Fire Resisting Floor-ceiling and Roof-eiling “ 0) The space above a suspended ceiling which forms. part of @ fire-rated floor ceiling or roof-ceiling construction shall not contain ducting unless ducting was incorporated in a prototype that qualified for the required fire-resistance rating, in which case the ducting shall be identical 19 that incorporated in the tested prototype. Openings in the eeiling, including openings to enable the ceiling to be used as a plenum, shall be protected by fre dampers identical to those Used in the tested prototype and such openings in the ceiling shall beso arranged that + No opening is greater in area than that corresponding inthe prototype test pane; ‘The aggregate area of the openings per unit ceiling area does not exceed that of the prototype test panel; and * The proximity of any opening to any steetural member isnot less than that in the prototype test panel os (Ay) y ey Fite resisting floor- ceiling and rook: ceilingGG) Where proprietary fire rated materials are used to Fire construct the fire rated duct, the fire eating ofthe Rated fire rated duct shall have the same period offre Duet resistance as the wall or flor it penetrates, Gi) Proprietary fire rated duct shall be tested to BS 476 PL 24 or equivalent and its usage be approved by the Relevant Authority (Gi) Runing of non-fire rated duct andlor other building services above the proprietary fire rated ‘duct should be avoided. When unavoidable due to physical constraints, the supports to such non= fire rated duct and/or other building services running above the proprietary fire rated duct shall be strengthened such that the tensile stress generated on the supports shall not exceed ToNimm® and the non-fire rated duct odor building services shall also be adequately protected to prevent collapse in a fire which will ‘otherwise affect the stability of the proprietary fire rated duct below, (Gv) Fans forming part of a fire rated duct shal also bbe enclosed in the same fre rated enclosure 7.1.2 Airhandling unit room (2) Rooms having no other usage than housing. air Air handling equipment or package units, and their handling associated electrical controls are not regatded as unit reas of high risk. However, in situations where the rooms sir handling equipment serves more than one compartment, fire dampers shall be provided in air ducts at penetrations through the compartment walls and floors to comply with the requirements in Cl 71.100). (b) Smoke detectors of approved type shall be ‘Smoke incorporated in the return air stream immediately Getectors adjacent to:© (i). sirhandling wnits serving more than one storey ‘or compartment; oF (Gi) a single unit in excess of 15000 m’yh; or (ili) any AHU as may be required by the Relevant Authority The function of smoke detectors where required by this Cade is to initiate action to shut down the AHU automatically when the smoke density in the retun-air system has become unacceptable for reeycling. Details of the requirements shall be in accordance with SS CP 13 Code of Practice for Mechanical Ventilation and Air-conditioning in Buildings. 73 Exits @ © Protected shaft of exits, smoke-stop lobbies, including its concealed space shall not be used for supply, exhaust or retum air plenum of air handling systems. ‘Mechanical ventilation system foreach exit starease and intemal exit passageway, if provided, shall be fan independent system of supply mode only exclusive to the particular staircase, and it shall ‘comply with te following requirements: (Supply aie forthe system shall be drawn directly from the external, with intake point not less than 5'm from any exhaust discharge openings (ii) For exit staircase serving more than 4 storeys, supply air shall be conveyed via a vertical duct extending throughout the stairease height and discharging from outlets distributed at alternate foo. Exits Exit and internal exit passage(ii) Where the supply air duct serving the exit stairease has to penetrate the staircase enclosure, the portion of the duct where it traverses outside the stairease shall be enclosed in masonry construction of at least the same fire resistance as the element of structure and it shall not be Fited with fre dampers 7.14 Mechanical ventilation system for smoke-stop lobbies and re fighting lobbies shall be a system exclusive to these lobbies, and it shall comply with the following requirements @ o © @ ‘The ventilation system shall be of supply mode only of nt less than 10 air changes per hour. ‘Supply ar shall be drawn directly from the external with intake point not fess than Sm from any exhaust discharge or openings for natural ventilation Any part of the supply duct running outside the smoke-stop or fire fighting lobby which it serves shall either be enclosed or constructed to give a fire resistance rating of at least I br. The Relevant Authority may at its discretion require a higher fie resistance rating if the duet passes through an area ‘of high fire risk, ‘The mechanical ventilation system shall be automatically activated by the building fire alarm system, In addition, a remote manual star-stop switch shall be made available to firemen atthe fire command centre, or at the fie indicating board where there is no fire command centre, Visual indication ofthe operation status of the mechanicel ventilation system shall be provided. ‘Where mechanical ventilation is installed to provide ait for the operation of the following equipment, such system shall be independent of each other and any other system serving other parts ofthe building: Mecha- ically ventilated smmoke- stop lobby and fire fighting lobby Engine driven fire pump and generatorCont'd 7.13 (Gi) Where the supply air duct serving the exit staircase has to penetrate the sarcase enclosure, the portion of the duct where it traverses outside the staircase shall be enclosed in masonry construction or dryall complying ‘with C13 8,7(6) of atleast the sime fice resistance as the lements of structure and it shall not be fitted with Fee dampers, Mechanical ventilation systom for smoko-stop lobbies and fire fighting lobbios shall bea system exclusive to these lobbies, and it shall comply with the folowing requirements (@) The ventilation system shall be of supply mode only of mot less than 10 air changes per hou. (©) Supply air shall be drawn directly from the external with intake point not less than Sm ffom any exkaust discharge or ‘openings for natural ventilation (©) Any past ofthe supply duct running outside the smoke-stop fr fire fighting lobby which it serves shall either be enclosed (oF constructed to give a fire resistance rating of at least 1. The Relevant Authority may tis discretion require a higher fice resistance rating ifthe duct pases through an area of igh fre ris, (©The mechanical ventilation system shall be automatically activated by the building fie alarm system. In addition, a remote manual start-stop switch shall be mede avaiable to Firemen atthe fire command centre, or atthe fire indicating board where there is no fire command centre. Visual indication of the operation staus of the mechanical ventilation system shal be provided Amended under Supplement 1/2000 dated 19 Aug 2000 Mectaislly ventilated SEmoke-sop lobby and fee fighting lobby Where mechanical ventilation is installed to provide air for the Engine driven operation of the following equipment, such system shall be fire pump and independent of each ther and any other system serving other parts generator of the building: 208116 engine driven fire pump, emergency generstor, (© Supply air shall be drawn directly ffom the extemal and its fgake point shall not be less than 5 m from any exhaust discharge openings. Exhaust discharge shall also be direct to the external and shall not be less than Sm from any ar intake openings. (©) Where the corresponding ducts nun outside the room they shall either be enclosed in @ structure or be constructed 10 sive at least the same fire rating. as the room which they ferve or that of the room through which they traverse, shichever is higher, The rating shall apply to fre exposure fom both intemal and exteral of the duct or siructure. Where the duct risers are required to be enclosed in a protected shat constructed of masonry or drywall complying. with C13.8.9(8), they shall be compartmented ftom the ret fof the shaft space containing other ducts or services installations (©) No fie damper shall be fited in ether supply or exhaust duct ‘required under this clause (@ Duct serving areas other then rooms housing equipment stated in this clause shall no pas through such rooms Where mechanical ventilation is roquired for the fire command centre, such system shall be independent of each other and any other system serving other parts of the building I shall also comply with the following requirements (@) Supply air shall be drawn directly from the external and its intake point shall not be less than 5 m flom any exhaust discharge openings. Exheust ischarge shall also be diect to the external and shall not be less than 5m fom any ar intake openings. 209 Amended under Supplement 1/2000 dated 19 Aug 2000 Fire command@ o © @ engine driven fire pump; emergency generator; Supply air shall be drawn directly from the extemal and its imake point shall not be less than 5 m fiom any exhaust discharge openings. Exhaust discharge shall also be direct to the extemal and shall not be less than 5m fiom any air intake openings. Where the corresponding ducts run outside the oom they shall either be enclosed in a structure or be constructed to give a least the same fte rating as the room which they serve or that of the room Uhrovgh which they traverse, whichever is higher. The rating shall apply to fre exposure fom both intemal and external ofthe ductor structure. Where the duct risers are required to be enclosed in a masonry shaf, they shall be compartmented from the rest of the shaft space containing other ducts or services installations No fire damper shall be fitted in either supply or ‘exhaust duct required under this clause Duct serving afeas other than rooms housing ‘equipment stated in this clause shall not pass through such rooms. ‘Where mechanical ventilation is requited for the fire command centre, such system shall be independent of each other and any other system serving other parts of the building. It shall also comply with the following requirements: ) Supply air shall be drawn directly from the extemal and its intake point shall not be less than 5 m from ‘any exhaust discharge openings. Exhaust discharge shall also be direct to the external and shall not be less than 5 m from any air intake openings. Fite command© © © ‘Where the corresponding ducts run outside the fire command centre, they shall ether be enclosed in a structure or be ‘constructed to give at leas the same fire rating asthe rcom ‘whieh they serve or that of the room through which they traverse, whichever is higher. Where the duct risers are required to be enclosed in e protected shaft constructed of ‘masonry or drywall complying with C1.3.8.9(2), they shall be ‘compartmented from the rest of the shaft space containing ‘other ducts or services installations [No fire damper shal be fitted in either supply or exhaust duct ‘required under this Clause Duct serving areas other than the fire command centre shall ‘not passthrough the room, Kitchen © ‘Mechanical exhaust system forthe cooking area of a kitchen in a hotel, restaurant, coffer house or the like shall be independent of those serving other ‘pats of the building, It shall also comply with the following requirements (The hood and duets for the exhaust shall have a clearance of 500 mm from unprotected combustible materials, (ii) The exhaust shall be discharged directly to the external and shall not be less than Sm from any air intake openings; (li) The exaust duct where it rans outside the kitchen shall either be enclosed in a structure or be constructed to give at least the same fire rating asthe kitchen or that of| the room through which it traverses, whichever is higher The rating shall apply to fire exposure from both internal and external of the duct or structure Where the duct riser is required to be enclosed in a protected shaft constructed of masonry or drywall complying with C13.8.9(), it shall be compartmented from the rest ofthe shaft space containing other ducts ‘or services installations; and 210 |Amended under Supplement 112000 dated 19 Aug 2000, Kitchen Amended under Supplement 1/2000 dated 19 Aug 2000m8 (Gv) No fire damper shal be fitted in kitchen exhaust duets. Rooms involving use of Flammable and Explosive Substances @ ‘Mechanical vontilaion system where required for rooms ‘hich involve the use of flammable and explosive substances shall be independent from those serving other parts of the building. It shall comply withthe following requirements (Ventilation system shall consist of exhaust and supply part with arate of 20 air-change per hour or any other Fates acceptable tothe Relevant Authority. The exhaust, shall be diect co the external and shall not be less than 5 m ftom any sr intake openings; (Gi) Where such ducts un outside the room they shall either be enclosed in a structure or be constructed to give at Teast the same fre rating as the room which they serve for that of the room through which they traverse, whichever is higher. The rating shall apply to fire ‘exposure fom both internal and exteral of the duct ot ‘stnuture, Whore the duct risers are roquired to be ‘enclosed in a protected shaft constructed of masonry or drywall complying with CL3.8:9(@), they shall be ‘compartmented fiom the rest of the shaft space ‘contining other ducts or services installations, Gi) No fre damper shall be fitted in either supply oF ‘exhaust duct required under this Clause; and (Gv) Ducts serving other areas shall not passthrough rooms involving use of flammable and explosive substances. aun Rooms involving use of flammable & explosive substances ‘Amended under Supplement 1/2000 dated 19 Aug 2000ccompartmented from the rest of the shaft space containing other ducts or services installations; and Gv) No fire damper shall be fited in kitchen ‘exhaust duct, 7.1.8 Rooms involving use of Flammable and Explosive Substances Oo) Mechanical ventilation system where required for rooms which invalve the use of flammable and explosive substances shell be independent fiom those serving other pars of the building. It shal ‘comply with the following requirements: ) Ventilation system shall consist of exhaust and supply part with a rate of 20 air-change per hour or any other rates acceptable 1 the Relevant Authority. The exhaust shall be direct to the external and shall not be less than 5 m from any air intake openings; Gi) Where such ducts run outside the room they shall either be enclosed in a structure or be constructed to give at least the same fire rating as the room which they serve oF that of the oom through which they traverse, whichever is higher, The rating shall apply to fire ‘exposure from both internal and external ofthe ductor structure. Where the duct rises are required to be enclosed ina masonry shaft they shall be compartmented from the rest of the shaft space containing other ducts or service installations; ii) No fire damper shall be fitted in either supply ‘or exhaust duct required under this Clause; and (Gv) Ducts serving other areas shall not pass ‘through rooms involving use of flammable and explosive substances Rooms involving use of ‘lammable « explosive substances7.4.9 Where mechanical ventilation system is requited for car parking areas in basements with total floor area ‘exceeding 1900 sq m, a smoke purging system which is Independent of any systems serving other parts of the building shall be provided to give a purging rate of not less than 9 aie-change per hour. © © © @ ©) The smoke purging system shall be activated automatically by the building fre alarm system. In addition, a remote manual statstop switch shall be located at fre command centre, or at main fre slarm panel on first storey (where there is no fire command centre in the building). Visual indication of the operation status of the smoke purging system shall also be provided with this emote control Supply air shall be drawn lrecly trom the external and its intake shall not be less than S m fom any exhaust diseharge openings. Outlets for the supply air shall be adequately distributed over the car park area Where there is natural ventilation for such basement car pask based upon openings equal to not less than 2% of the floor area of such storey, such natural ventilation may be considered as satisfactory substitute for the supply part of the smoke puring system for that storey. Exhaust air shall be discharged directly to the ‘extemal and shall not be Tess than Sm ftom any air imtake openings Where ducts are used for the basement car park smoke purging system, they shall comply with the requirements of S$ CP 13 Code of Practice for Mechanical Ventilation and Air-conditioning in Buildings an A Basement car park72 PRESSURISATION FOR EXIT STAIRCASES, General (In any building of which the habitable height exceeds 24m, any intemal exit staircases without provision for natural ventilation shall be pressurised to comply with the requirements in this Cole (b) In a building comprising more than 4 basement storeys, exit staircase connected to fire fighting lobby in basement storeys shall be pressurised 10 ‘comply with the requirements inthis Code. (©) Pressurisation may be extended to smoke-stop lobby provided the pressurisation level complies with CL.7.2.2(0. Pressurisation Level (2) When in operation, the pressurisation system shall ‘maintain a pressure differential of not les than 50 a between the pressurised exit staircase and the ‘occupied area when all doors are closed (b) Where 2 pressurisation system is extended 10 the smoke stop lobby, the pressure gradient shall be such that the pressure at the exit staitcase shall always be higher. fe) The force required to open any door against the combined resistance of the pressurising aie and the automatic door-cfosing mechanism shall not exceed LON at the door handle General Basement Smoke- stop lobby Pressuti- level124 When in operation, the pressurisation system shal maintain an airflow of suffieient velocity through open doors to prevent smoke from entering into the pressurised ares. ‘The flow velocity shall be attained when a combination of two doors from any two successive storeys and the main discharge dooe are fully open. Magnitude of the velocity averaged over the full area of each door ‘opening shall not be less than 1.0 mis Leakages (a) The rate of supply of pressurised air to the pressurised areas shall be sufficient to make up for the loss through leakages into the unpressurised surroundings, (b) Adequate relief of leaked air out of the occupied sea shall be provided to avoid a pressure build-up in this area, The relief may be in the form of perimeter leakages of purpose-built. extraction systems Distribution of Pressurising Air (2) The number and distribution of injection points for supply of pressurising air to the exit staircase should ensure an even pressure profile complying with C1. 7.22. (©) The arrangement of the injection points and the conteol of the pressuristion system shall be such that when opening of doors or other factors eause significant —vatiations in pressure difference condition in Cl. 72.2 should be restored as soon as practicable, Equipment (a) All the equipment and the relevant controls, associated with the pressurisation system shall beso designed and installed to ensure satisfactory operation in the event of and during a fire. Egress velocity Leakapes Distribu: tion of press Equip- Oo4 Tal (b) Supply air for pressurisation system shall be drawn directly from the external and is intake shall not be less than 5 m fiom any exhaust discharge openings. (©) The pressurisation system shall be automaticaly activated by the building fire alarm system. In Addition, a remote manual star-stop switch shall be ‘made available 10 firemen at the fire command centze, oF atthe fre indicating board where there is no fire command centre, Visual indication of the operation status of the pressurisation system shall be provided. PRESSURISATION OF INTERNAL CORRIDORS, IN HOTELS Where internal corridors in hotels are required 10 be pressurised in compliance with Cl 2.7.16, the presure Within sueh corridors shall be higher than that in the ‘guest rooms and the pressure within the internal exit Saircases higher than that of the coridors. BASEMENT SMOKE CONTROL SYSTEM (2) Where the total aggregate floor are of all basement storeys does not exceed 1900 sq m, smoke vents in accordance with C17.4.2 shall be provide. (b) Where the total aggregate floor area of all basement storeys exceeds 1900 sq m, engineered smoke control system that complies with the requirements stipulated in CL.7.43 shall be provided forall parts of basement ‘with the following exceptions: (Where the basement or a portion ofthe basement is used as carpark, C1.7..9 can be adopted to the carpark provided itis Compartmented fom rest ‘of the basement; (Gi) Planvequipment room with floor rea not ‘exceeding 250 sq m and compartmented fom rest of the basement, and provided with two ‘doors for beter reach in fire fighting operation, Pressuri- sation of| incernal corridors inhotels Scope Exception(ii) Planequipment room with Moor area exceeding 250 sq m but not exceeding 1900 sq m, smoke vents in accordance with 7.4.2 or "smoke purging system of at least 9 it-change per hour Shall be provided (iv) Service areas such as laundties, office, storeroom and workshops (restricted to staf only) which are compartmented, smoke venting provision in accordance with CI.7.4.2 or smoke purging system of atleast 9 air-change per hour Imay be accepted for those areas in lieu of the engineered smoke contol system. Automatic fire alanm/extinguishing system in accordance with Table 644° shell be provided where required 742 Smoke vents shall be adequately distributed slong perimeter of basement and their cutlets shall be easily accessible during fire fighting and rescue operations Installation shall comply with the following requirements: @ o © @ © The number and their sizes shall be such thatthe ‘aggregate effective vent openings shall not be less thin 2-1 per gent of the basement oor area sewed. The vent oullets if covered under nocmal conditions shall be openable in case of fre. The position ofall vent outlets and the areas they serve shall be suitably indicated adjacent to such outlets ‘Where ducts are required to connect the vent cutlets, the ducts shall either be enclosed in siructute or be constructed (0 give at least I hour fire resistance, Separate ducts and vent outlets shall be provided for each basement storey Smoke Oo1S 16 758 76.1 162 763 Where engineered smoke contro system is required, it shall be provided as specified in CI. 76. ATRIUM SMOKE CONTROL SYSTEM ‘Where the requirements for compartmentation specified in Cl, 3.2.1 and 3.2.4(a) and (b) are relaxed under the conditions in Cl. 3.2.6 for “Atsium spaces in a building, 4 smoke control system specified in Cl. 7.6 shall be eovided, ENGINEERED SMOKE CONTROL SYSTEM “The engineered smoke contol system shal be in the form. ‘of a smoke ventilation system by natural or mechanical extraction designed in accordance with (@) BR 186~ Design principles for smoke ventilation in ‘enclosed shopping centres; and (6) BR 258 - Design approaches for smoke contr in trum buildings; or (6) Other acceptable standards (Note: BR 186 and 258 are reports published by the Fire Research Station, Building Research Establishment, Borehamwood, Herts WD82BL), The building to be provided with smoke ventilation system shall be sprinkler protected. Capacity of the smoke ventilation system shall be calculated based on the incidence ofa likely maximum fire size fora sprinkler controlled fire as recommended in the following table: rneered stoke ‘control guidance Sprinkler system Fire size756 761 Fire Size Occupancy. Heat Output | Perimeierof {Sprinklered) MW) Fire (im) Shops 5 2 Ofices 1 4 Hotel Guest Room os 6 Hotel Public Areas 25 2 Assembly Occupancy 25 2 with fixed seating - The capacity of a smoke ventilation system shall be capable of handling the largest demand for smoke exhaust from the worst case scenario, The design smoke layer base shall be above the heads of people escaping beneath it. The minimum height shall be 2.5 m. Smoke reservoirs to prevent the lateral spread of smoke, and to collect smoke for removal shall be of non-combustible construction capable of withstanding, smoke temperatures For cases where smoke is removed from the raom of ‘origin the smoke reservoir size for a smoke ventilation system shall not exceed: (2) 2000 sq m for natural smoke ventilation system, (©) 2600 sq m for mechanical smoke ventilation system, For cases where smoke is removed from the circulation space or atrium space the smoke reservoir size for a smoke ventilation system shall nat exceed (2), 1000 sq m for natural smoke ventilation system, (©) 1300 sq m for mechanical smoke ventilation system, Capacity of smoke ventilation | system Clear layer ‘Smoke ‘Smoke Removal of smoke from circula oratiun spaces:169 7.6.10 76.11 76.12 16.13 For cases where smoke is temoved from the circulation space or atrium space, the rooms discharging smoke into the citculation space/strium spaces shall ether (a) have a floor area of not exceeding 1000 34 m (lor natural ventilation system) or 1300 sq m (for ‘mechanical ventilation sytem) or © be subdivided such that smoke is vented to the circulation space or arium only fom part of the room with floor area not exceeding 1000 sq m (for natural ventilation system) of 1300 sq.m (for ‘mechanical ventilation system) that are adjacent 0 the circulation space or atrium, However, the remainder of the room needs ta be provided with an independent smoke ventilation system(s). The maximum length of the smoke reservoir shall not exceed 60 m. ‘Adequate arrangement(s) shall be made in each stoke reservoir forthe removal of smoke in & way that ill prevent the formation of stagnant regions. Owing to practical limitation, a smoke ventilation system shall have: {a)_ maximum mass flow not exceeding 175 ke: and (©) a minimum smoke layer temperature of 18°C above ambient. Replacement air shall be by natural means drawing ait iretly from the external (9) The design replacement air discharge velocity shall ‘not exceed 5.0 mis to prevent the escapees being hindered by the airflow. (©) Replacement air intake shall be sited at least Sm away from any exhaust sir discharge, & Discharge of smoke ulation! spaces Length of smoke Stagnant regions. Replace- velocity Distance from exhaust air discharge16.14 76.15 76.16 26.17 1618 (©) Replacement air shall be discharged at low level, at Teast 1.5 m beneath the designed smoke layer, © ‘prevent “Togaing” ofthe lower clear 20ne (€) Where the inlet cannot be sited atleast 1 m below the smoke layer, smoke curtain or a barter shal be used to prevent replacement air distorting the smoke layer. (©) Where replacement sir is taken through inlet aie ventilators or doorways, devices shall be incorporated to automatically open such inlet ventilators and doors to admit replacement sir upon activation ofthe smoke ventilation system, For cases where the smoke reservoir is above the false ceiling, the cvling shall be of perforated type with at least 25% opening, ‘The smoke ventilation system shall be provided with secondary source of power supply. The smoke ventilation system shall be activated by smoke detectors located in the smoke control. zone. Use of smoke detectors for activation must be carefuly designed so that accidental or premature activation of smoke detectors on a non-fire zone due to smoke spills ‘or spread from other areas must be avoided Provision of activating smoke detectors shall comply with CP 10, A remote manual activation and control switches as ‘well 35 visual indication ofthe operation status of the smoke ventilation system shall also be provided atthe Fire command centre and where there is no fire command centre, at main fre indicator board, Replace met die charge position Siting of inlets Perforated ceiling Emergency power supply Mode of Manval76.19 7620 7621 7622 7.624 1625 7.626 [Except for ventilation systems in Cl. 5.2.1 (g) and (H) all other air-conditioning and ventilation systems within the areas served shall be shutdown automatically upon activation of the smoke ventilation system. Ether a standby fan_ or multiple fans with excess capacity shall be provided for each mechanical smoke ventilation system such that inthe event the duty fan or the largest capacity fan fails, the designed smoke extraction rate wil sill be met. The standby fan shall be automatically activated inthe event the duty fan fail Fans shall be capable of operating at 250°C for 2 hours. “The fans and associated smoke contol equipment shall be wired in protected circuits designed to ensure continued operation in the event ofthe fire The electrical supply to the fans shall, in each case, be connected to a sub-main circuit exclusive thereto aller the main isolator of the building. The cables shall be fof atleast I-hour fte resistance in accordance with SS cP 209, Smoke ventilation duets (both exhaust and replacement air ducts) shall be of at least | hour fie resistance Where a duct passes through other fre compartment of higher rating, the duct shall be constructed to have the rating as that of the compartment. The rating shall apply to fire exposure from both internal and external of the duct or stricture and the duct shall also comply with subvel 7.1.1) Fire damper shall not be fited in the smoke ventilation system. ‘The time taken for the smoke ventilation system within a smoke zone to be fully operational shall not excoed 60 seconds from system activation a Shut down of other ai contltio- ing & ventilation systems Standby fans or multiple fans Protected circuits Electrical supply7.627 For natural smoke ventilation system the natural ventilators shall be (@) in the “open” position in the event of power/system failure; and (©) positioned such that they will not be adversely affected by positive wind pressure. 7.628 Natural exhaust ventilation shall not be used together ‘with powered smoke exhaust ventilation, 74629 All smoke curtains where required, unless permanently fixed in positon, shall be brought into position automatically to provide adequate smoke- tightness and effetive depth. 7.630. Smoke curtain or other smoke barrier at any access route forming part of or leading to @ means af eseape shall not in their operational positon obstruet the escape of people through such route 7.631 Where glass walls or panels are heing used as smoke screens to form a smoke reservoir of as channelling screens, they shall be able to withstand the design highest temperature 7.6.32 All. smoke control equipment (including smoke curtains) shall Be supplied and installed in accordance with the accepted standards eg, BS 7346, oo AUDITORIUM. (CINEMAS, THEATRES ETC) SMOKE CONTROL SYSTEM 7.7.1 Provision of smoke vents having 249% ofthe oor area shall be provided to auditorium which is not sprinkler protected and to auditorium having floor area more than 500m, if sprinkler protected. ‘The opening of the smoke vents shall be by automate device. 7.1.2. In place of smoke vents, an engineered smoke control system Would be considered as acceptable, Fai-safe system Smoke Obstrue- tion to of escape Smoke chane= Hing |