Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Project Manager
Kick-start Your
Project Management Career
1. What is a Project?
2. What is Project Management?
3. Why to be a Project Manager?
4. Project Managers' Skill Set
5. Project Management Career Path
6. Project Management Domains and Knowledge Areas
7. Agile Project Management
What is a Project?
Project Not a Project
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Project Not a Project
Project Not a Project
Project Not a Project
Project Not a Project
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Project Definition
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Project Definition
Entertainment Event
Market Share
Product Service Result
ISO Certification
Surveillance System
Product Service Result
• Monitor Progress
• Quality & Satisfaction
• Develop Team
• Budget Planning
• Schedule Planning
• Manage Issues & Risks
• Reporting & Documentation
• Resources Planning
How is Projects Success Measured?
pe
Co
Sco
Quality
st
Schedule
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
• In agile management, it’s called “Backlog”
• Creating WBS: The process of subdividing project deliverables
and project work into smaller, more manageable components.
Make A Difference
Why to be a Project Manager?
Well-paid Job
Project Managers’ Skills
Project Managers’ Domains
Process People
Business
Environment
Project Managers’ Domains
Business Env.
8%
Process
People 50%
42%
Project Managers’ Domains
Typical Career Path
PMO
Portfolio Manager
Program Manager
Senior Manager
Project PM
Associate Manager
PMO/ PM
Coordinator
Learning Resources
• Books:
• The Projecteer
Project Management
Body of Knowledge (PMBOK)
No specific specializations
required; all backgrounds are
welcome.
• Conflict resolution
(human nature, problem solving techniques -> collaboration, compromising,
smoothing, forcing, withdrawal)
• Team coaching and motivation
(assessment and appraisal, intrinsic motivation, human interaction)
Business Acumen (Strategic & Business Management)
Project Manager’s Skills
Business Acumen (Strategic & Business Management)
Project Manager’s Skills
Planning
Executing
Monitoring &
Controlling
Closing
Initiating
This phase takes care of:
• Defining the project & its objectives; scope & deliverables
• Project stakeholders identification
Project Charter
Planning
Planning includes:
• Estimating needed resources and budget
• Determining needed procurements
• Tasks scheduling
• Potential risks and opportunities identification
• Planning quality assurance and control
Executing
This phase takes care of:
• Project plan implementation
• Resources coordination and team development
• Stakeholders engagement management
• Quality management and process improvement
• Lessons learnt documentation
Monitoring & Controlling
This phase takes care of:
• Project progress review
• Project control; measurement against plans
• Needed corrective and preventive actions
Closing
This phase takes care of:
• Project deliverables submission
• Project documents archiving (templates, lessons learnt, reports,
…)
Starting a new
shift
Too rare
Sequence Activities
Dependency Determination and Integration
Mandatory Dependencies
• Sometimes referred to as hard logic or hard dependencies.
• legally or contractually required
Discretionary Dependencies
• Also referred to as soft logic
• Based on knowledge of best practices
Sequence Activities
Dependency Determination and Integration
External Dependencies
• A relationship between project activities and non-project activities
• Usually outside of the project team’s control
Internal Dependencies
• Relationship between project activities
• Generally inside the project team’s control
Sequence Activities
Activities Network Diagram
Alternatives
Analysis
Schedule Crashing
Fast Tracking
Schedule Management
• Define Activities
• Sequence Activities
• Estimate Activity Durations
Estimate Activity Durations
• Resource Calendars: availability of specific resources
• Resource Requirements: estimated activity resource
requirements will influence the duration of the activity.
Estimate Activity Durations
Analogous Estimating
• Estimating the duration or cost of an activity using historical data
from a similar activity from a previous, similar project
• Used when there is a limited amount of detailed information
about the project
• Less costly and less time-consuming than other techniques, and
also less accurate.
• The project team members preparing the estimates should have
the needed expertise.
Estimate Activity Durations
Parametric Estimating
• An algorithm used for calculations based on historical data and
project parameters, it uses a statistical relationship between
historical data and other variables.
• Durations can be quantitatively determined by multiplying the
quantity of work to be performed by the number of labor hours
per unit of work.
• This technique can produce higher levels of accuracy.
Estimate Activity Durations
Three-point Estimating
Triangular Distribution
Used to estimate the minimum project duration and determine the amount of
schedule flexibility on the logical network paths within the schedule
Develop Schedule
Critical Path Method (CPM)
Develop Schedule
Critical Path Method (CPM)
Develop Schedule
Schedule Compression
Cost Management
Cost Management
• Estimate Costs
Cost Management
Cost of Quality
Cost Management
• Estimate Costs
• Earned Value Management
Control Cost
Earned Value Analysis
• A project management technique for technique to measure project
performance and progress
• Compares the performance measurement baseline to the actual
schedule and cost performance
• EVM integrates the scope, schedule, and cost baselines to form the
performance measurement baseline.
Control Cost
Earned Value Analysis
• Used to determine the status of the project:
–Schedule: Ahead Of / On / Behind Schedule
–Cost: Under / On / Over Budget
Main Terms:
PV Planned Value (planned)
EV Earned Value (actual)
AC Actual Cost (actual)
Control Cost
Earned Value Analysis
SPI = EV / PV
CPI = EV / AC
• Quality
• Grade
• Precession
• Accuracy
– Benchmarking
Involves comparing actual or planned project practices or the project’s quality
standards to those of comparable projects to identify best practices, generate
ideas for improvement, and provide a basis for measuring performance.
Quality Management
Root Cause Analysis
– To determine the basic underlying reason that causes a variance, defect, or risk
– Used as a technique for identifying root causes of a problem and solving them so that
the problem does not recur
Quality Management
Data Representation
Affinity diagrams
– Organize potential causes of defects into groups, showing areas that should be focused
on the most.
Quality Management
Data Representation
Cause-and-effect Diagrams
Risk management is to increase the probability and/or impact of positive risks and
to decrease the probability and/or impact of negative risks, in order to
optimize the chances of project success.
Risk Management
Risk Issue
May or may not occur Occurred already
Needs prevention and mitigation steps Needs resolution and corrective steps
SWOT Analysis
Escalate
– Are usually escalated to the level that is affected if the threat occurred
– Are not monitored further by the project team after an escalation
Plan Risk Responses
Strategies for Threats
Avoid
– It generally calls for altering the project management plan, like you make changes in
scope or design or even in the implementation plan
– Risks identified at an early stage can be avoided by improving communication or
acquiring skills.
– Eliminates the probability of risk events
– Implemented in critical risks which have a substantial impact on the viability of complete
project.
– The idea is to try to avoid as many critical risks as possible.
Plan Risk Responses
Strategies for Threats
Mitigate
– Reduces the probability and/or impact of a threat to bring it within the acceptable
threshold limits
– A hands-on approach to lower the criticality of risk
– Normally involves modifying the project management plan, like adding activities in
project schedule or adding scope of the project
– It does not remove risk from the risk register, instead brings down the criticality level of
the given risk.
Plan Risk Responses
Strategies for Threats
Transfer
– The responsibility of the risk gets transferred to another party. This however does not
eliminate the risk.
– Requires paying a risk premium as another party is managing the risk.
– Involves tools like insurance, performance bonds, warranties, guarantees, etc.
– You may identify secondary risks while doing the transfer. For example, transfer of the
risk involves guarantees and you may identify new risk, what if vendor violates the terms
of the guarantee.
Plan Risk Responses
Strategies for Threats
Accept
– Adopted for non critical risks since it is not feasible or cost-effective to avoid, mitigate or
transfer all risk.
– The identified risk remains in risk register and there is no change in its risk exposure.
– Passive Acceptance; project team decide to take care of risks as they occur.
– Active Acceptance; the team establishes the contingency reserve, including amounts of
time, money, or resources to handle the risks as it occur.
Plan Risk Responses
Strategies for Opportunities
Escalate: Escalate the risk to your seniors because you do not have the authority to execute
steps of risk response strategies.
Share: Make a partnership to realize risk as you feel you cannot execute it alone.
Enhance: You are not 100% sure of risk realization so you explore strategies to increase its
probability.
Accept: You choose not to take any actions to realize risks, but you monitor it if it becomes
important to get risk response strategies.
Resources Management
Resources Management
Project Resource Management includes the processes to identify, acquire, and manage the
resources needed for the successful completion of the project. These processes help
ensure that the right resources will be available to the project manager and project team
at the right time and place.
Resources Management
• The project manager should invest suitable effort in acquiring, managing, motivating, and
empowering the project team.
• The involvement of all team members in project planning and decision making is
beneficial.
• The project manager is responsible for the team formation as an effective group.
• Organizations should have a database on resource demands, now and in the future
Resources Management
Points to Consider
• Self-organizing teams
• Diversity
Resources Management
The project manager should be aware of:
• Team Environment
• Cultural Issues
Develop Team
Definition:
Adjourning
Performing
Norming
Storming
Forming
Communication Management
Communication Management
– Verbal or Nonverbal
– Formal or Informal
V U C A
Volatility Uncertainty Complexity Ambiguity
What is Agile Management?
Incremental:
• People-oriented practices
• Frequent delivery of valuable software to business
Agile Manifesto
Value # 1
Working Software
Over
Comprehensive Documentation
Agile Manifesto
Value # 3
Customer Collaboration
Over
Contract Negotiation
Team Users
Agile Manifesto
Value # 4
Responding to Change
Over
Following a Plan
Agile Manifesto Principles
• Frameworks are tools; use the appropriate tool to solve the right problem in the
suitable context
• +70% of the companies adopting agile are applying scrum. Companies include Google,
Apple, Microsoft, IBM, Siemens and others.
Scrum Framework
Scrum Framework
Main Characteristics of Scrum
• Client advocate
• Responsible for the product backlog
• Prioritizes backlog items features
Product Owner
• Servant leader
• Removes impediments
The value of project managers is not in their position, but in their ability to make everyone
else better.
• Facilitate collaboration
• Remove organizational impediments and bottlenecks
• Educate stakeholders around why and how to be agile
• Support the team through mentoring and encouragement
• Help the team with technical project management activities
• Celebrate team successes
• Bridge building activities with external groups.
Servant Leadership Responsibilities
• Unlocker
• Change agent
• Mentor
• Coach
Development Team
• 5 - 9 people
• Cross-functional / generalists (I-Shaped Vs. T-Shaped)
• Co-located in a war-room
• Self-organized
Sprint Backlog
• Does not have to happen after sprints, can be done any time to solve any problems