Solid State Drives

Molor
+a 2x

V.=Vsin ot v
(aPowercircuit diagram 1
half comverter fed drived b) Discontinuous conduction wavefors
s=Vm sin aot

Na

a
a +a 2x ot

x+ @t
Va

()ContinuOuSconduction wavefors 2x+

()ContinuouS waveforms

Fig.3.12. Singlephasefully controlled bridgecomverter fed dcdrive

The and current waveforms of the motor for the discontinuous and
voltage

continuous modes are shown in figure 3.12(b)and (c). Thyristors T and

conduction
T2 are gated at ot a, these thyristors will get turned on only if sin V
a>E. Thyistors T andT2 are given gatesignal from to n and Thyristors T,and
a
T4 are given gate signals from (tta)to 2m.
When armature current does not flow continuously, the motor is said to operate m
discontinuousconduction.When current flowscontinuously, theconductionissaid to
be continuous.
In Discontinuous Mode
The current starts flowing with the turn on thyristors T, and T2 at»t=a.Moo
and its terminal
gets connected to the source voltage equals V,,At someange
known asextinctionangle, load current delays to zero. Here B>
As T, T, are reverse biased after o=1, this pair commutated at =B,When
0. From B to T+a, no thyristors conducts, the motor terminal voltáge jumpsfrom
V sin ß to E as shown in figure3.12 (b).
 ComverterChopperFed DC Motor Drive

Ator=*+a, as perT3. Ta is
triggered, load current starts to build
up again as before
and load "V.' follows'Vs'waveform asshown in figure. At n+B, I, falls to
voltage

zero, Vchanges from V,sin (T+B)to E as no thyristors conducts.

In Continuous Conduction Mode

In continuous conduction mode, during

forward biased. At o =
a,T, Tz are
the positive
half cycle thyristors Ty. T2
turned on. As a result, supply voltage
are

(es.E Vsin a
immediately appears across thyristors Ty,
= T
as a reverse bias, these are

tumed off by natural commutation. At ot tta forward biased thyristors T3. T are
turn offof T,
triggered causing and T, thyristors.
Discontinuous Conduction mode
In a motor terminal voltagecycle,the drive operates in two intervals as shown in figure

3.12(b).

(a) Duty interval (a S øt s B)

(b) Zero current interval (B S ot si+a)
Drive operation

V =E
is described

RT+La
and I=0
by thefollowing
+E =V sin o ,
equations

for

for B
a SotSß
otSTta
d
dE
.(3.18)

(3.19)
From
(EE equation (3.18),
Vsin-F
t V,sinLa o-E La a..(.20)
E (3.20)
hyLamethod, we get
function and solution to(3.20) as
gnte
Using complex particular integral

below:
IaRat la d
(C.F)+,= o
(2E.E)
Complex Function

Particular integrals are givenas

C.F Ce-oi cat4 tan R.2
Isoitiro od
PhDJL- sin @t Ae. (3.22)
.

.
(3.23)
Pl2
OEC) = ..(3.24)
From equation (3.22), PI sin(ot-4)

-E
(TEE) From equation (3.23), P =R (3.25)

Therefore, from equation (3.21) to (3.25), we get

(8E.8) (o)Z (sin o-4)-R +Ce-orcot (3.26)

 Solid State Drives

where Z-VR(® LP (3.27)

.(3.23)

The constant "C'in the equation (3.26)can be evaluated by using the initial condition

,(a)-

3.29)
(sina-4)-

in
Since I,
(sin of-)-
B-0,from equation (3.30), we get
ina-4)-Rr -t-a)co (3.30))

- =0
m(-4)-- sin (a-- cot 3.31)
P can be evaluated by iterative solution
ofequation (3.31).
V.E+LR 332)
From figure 3.12(6),

-(vin ar dlan
fE dun)- (cos a-cos B) +dDE0.33

-,- ()
From equations (3.32)and (3.33),

(cosa-cos B)-1, R, .(3.34)

Substituting

the

value
'For a given
E-K@T Kl,we get

a, tiere
mode of operation
ofthe speed.
ifp is substituted by (n
is

changes from
(cosa-cosß)
(B-a)
a particular speed
discontinuous

+a)in equation
when B
to continuous.

we get
(3.31),
+a,indicating
'o
that at
gives the
'
3.35)

critical

in (a-+--(in(a-4)- a- 3.36)

Simplifies,
texo)
B-sin(a-4)(e- (3.37)
co-1)
where E K@
V.sin (a-)(er co-1) (3.38)
 er/Chopper
Fed DC Motor Drive
Comverter
3.15

Mode
Continuons Conduction
From figure 3.12(c), average armature output is given by
ta
v v,sinot do) (3.39)

V COs o (3.40)
From T K l E = Ko, and, from VaE+I, R,
o 2
TK cos a K2 ..(3.41)

Characteristics
Speed-Torque fed.dc
curves tor the single phase fully controlled bridge converter
Speed-Torque
excited motorshown in figure 3.13. The no load operation is obtained when
is
eparately
and when a>r/2, E'should be
V
1= 0. When a < n/2, E' should be greater or equal to
or equal to sin wt'.
greater *V,_
Therefore, no load speeds are given by

mo 0at/2 3.42)
VPsin a
K Tt/2
sST .(3.43)

and
Boundary between continuous
discontinuousconductions

m
a-0
2Vm

60

Discontinuous Continuous conduction

conduction

T1 90
Rated torque

120

160

Fig. 3.13. Speed- Torque Characteristics ofsingle phasefuly

motor
controlled fedde separalely excited