Migration to 3G Networks

IMT 2000 (International Mobile Telecommunications-2000):

A global standard for 3G mobile communication.

Designed to provide high-speed data, multimedia services, and global roaming.
UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System):

A key technology within the IMT 2000 framework.

Offers higher data rates and improved voice quality compared to 2G networks.
UMTS Architecture:
User Equipment (UE):

Mobile device or terminal used by the subscriber.

Radio Network Subsystem (RNS):

Manages radio resources and includes Node B and RNC.

UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network):

Comprises Node B and RNC.

Node B: Responsible for the radio transmission and reception.
RNC (Radio Network Controller): Manages resources and handovers.
USIM (UMTS Subscriber Identity Module):

UMTS equivalent of a SIM card.

Stores user-specific information and authentication data.
Protocol Stack:

UMTS uses a protocol stack consisting of layers like Radio Resource Control (RRC), Radio Link
Control (RLC), and Medium Access Control (MAC).
CS and PS Domains:

Circuit-Switched (CS) domain for voice calls.

Packet-Switched (PS) domain for data services.
IMS Architecture (IP Multimedia Subsystem):
IMS Overview:

Architecture designed for multimedia services over IP networks.

Enables integration of voice, video, and data services.
Key Components:

Call Session Control Function (CSCF): Controls session setup and termination.
Home Subscriber Server (HSS): Stores subscriber information.
Serving Call Session Control Function (S-CSCF): Manages session initiation.
Media Gateway Control Function (MGCF): Controls communication with legacy networks.
Handover:
Definition:
The process of transferring an ongoing call or data session from one base station or cell to another.
Types:

Hard Handover: Brief interruption during the switch.

Soft Handover: Seamless transition with overlapping coverage.
3.5G and 3.9G:
3.5G (HSPA - High-Speed Packet Access):

Enhancement of 3G networks with higher data transfer rates.

Includes technologies like HSDPA (High-Speed Downlink Packet Access) and HSUPA (High-Speed
Uplink Packet Access).
3.9G (LTE - Long-Term Evolution):

A step towards 4G networks.

Provides higher data rates, low latency, and improved spectral efficiency.