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6.1 Basics of Percent 239
Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point (b) % is half of the tweets.
two places to the left. So, % of tweets is tweets.
(d) À % ~ À (c) % is of the elm trees.
Move the decimal point one place to the left.
Drop the percent sign. Attach two zeros so the So, % of À elm trees is elm trees.
decimal point can be moved two places to the left.
4. (a) À ~ %
(d) % is of the pounds.
Move the decimal point two places to the right. Move the decimal point one place to the left.
(The decimal point is not written with whole So, % of À pounds is À pound.
number percents.) Attach a percent sign.
(b) À ~ % (e) % is of the length.
Move the decimal point two places to the left.
Move the decimal point two places to the right and
So, % of À feet is À feet.
attach a percent sign.
(c) À ~ %
(f) % is of the money.
Move the decimal point two places to the right and Move the decimal point two places to the left.
attach a percent sign. So, % of $À is $.
(d) À ~ À %
6.1 Section Exercises
Move the decimal point two places to the right and
attach a percent sign. 1. To write a percent as a decimal, drop the %
symbol and then divide by .
(e) À ~ À%
Move the decimal point two places to the right and 2. A quick way to divide a number by is to move
attach a percent sign. the decimal point two places to the left.
30. À ~ % 43. Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point
two places to the left.
One zero is attached so the decimal point can be
moved two places to the right. Attach a percent Post secondary teachers: À% ~ À
sign.
44. Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point
31. À ~ À% two places to the left.
Move the decimal point two places to the right and Security guards: À% ~ À
attach a percent sign.
45. Move the decimal point two places to the right and
32. À ~ À % attach a percent sign.
Move the decimal point two places to the right and Customer service representatives: À ~ À %
attach a percent sign.
46. Move the decimal point two places to the right and
33. À ~ À%
attach a percent sign.
Move the decimal point two places to the right and
Carpenters: À ~ À %
attach a percent sign.
47. Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point
34. À ~ À %
two places to the left.
Move the decimal point two places to the right and
attach a percent sign. Cooks: À % ~ À
35. À ~ À % 48. Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point
two places to the left.
Move the decimal point two places to the right and
attach a percent sign. Management analysts: À % ~ À
36. À ~ À % 49. Move the decimal point two places to the right and
attach a percent sign.
Move the decimal point two places to the right and
attach a percent sign. À of the population ~ %
37. Answers will vary. Some possibilities are: No 50. Move the decimal point two places to the right and
common denominators are needed with percents. attach a percent sign.
The denominator is always with percent,
À of the money needed ~ 8%
which makes comparisons easier to understand.
38. Answers will vary. Some answers might be: 51. Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point
When using discounts on purchases, calculating two places to the left.
sales tax, figuring interest on loans, examining % above normal ~ À or À
investments, finding tips in restaurants, calculating
interest on savings, and doing math problems in 52. Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point
this book. two places to the left.
39. Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point % greater than anticipated ~ À or À
two places to the left.
53. % is all of the children.
Truck drivers: % ~ À So, % of children is children.
children are present.
40. Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point
two places to the left. 54. % is all of the adults.
Registered nurses: À% ~ À So, % of adults is adults.
adults are think their taxes are too high.
41. Move the decimal point two places to the right and
attach a percent sign. 55. % is two times as many employees.
So, % of employees is • ~
Physicians and surgeons: À ~ À % employeesÀ There are employees this year.
42. Move the decimal point two places to the right and 56. % is two times as many licenses.
attach a percent sign. So, % of licenses is • ~ licensesÀ
Waiters and waitresses: À ~ À% They sold fishing licenses this season.
57. % is three times as many chairs. 69. (a) Since % means parts out of parts or
So, % of chairs is • ~ chairs.
, the shortcut for finding % of a number is to
We'll need chairs. move the decimal point in the number one place to
the left.
58. % is three times as many friends.
So, % of friends is • ~ friends. (b) Answers will vary. For example, % of $
She now has friends. is $ À
59. % is half of the tuition. 70.
(a) Since % means part out of parts or ,
So, % of $ is • $ ~ $ À . the shortcut for finding % of a number is to move
Financial aid will pay $ À . the decimal point in the number two places to the
left.
60. % is half of the loan.
So, % of $ is • $ ~ $ . (b) Answers will vary. For example, % of $
The amount of the loan is $ . is $ .
61. % is found by moving the decimal point one 71. % or À of the pet owners selected the devil
place to the left. costume for their pet.
So, % of commuters is commuters.
commuters carpool. 72. À % or À of the pet owners selected the pirate
costume for their pet.
62. % is found by moving the decimal point one
place to the left. 73. (a) The third longest bar, Witch, is the third-most-
So, % of dozen plants is dozen plants. popular costume.
The number of unsold plants will be dozen. (b) Witch was selected by À % or À of the
63. % is found by moving the decimal point two pet owners.
places to the left. 74. (a) The second longest bar, Pumpkin, is the
So % of plants is plants. second-most-popular costume.
plants are poisonous.
(b) Pumpkin was selected by À% or À of the
64. % is found by moving the decimal point two pet owners.
places to the left.
So, % of accidents is accidents. 75. % or À of the motorists chose "Tailgating."
accidents were caused by mechanical failure.
76. % or À of the motorists chose "Texting while
65. (a) Since % means parts out of parts, driving."
% is all of the number.
77. (a) "Speeding" was the violation that was least
(b) Answers will vary. For example, % of $ often chosen for the biggest fine.
is $ À
(b) % or À of the motorists chose "Speeding."
66. (a) % means parts out of parts. That's
half of the number. A shortcut for finding % of 78. (a) "Running red light/stop light" was the
a number is to divide the number by . violation that was most often chosen for the
biggest fine.
(b) Answers will vary. For example, % of $
is $ e ~ $ À (b) % or À of the motorists chose "Running
red light/stop light."
67. (a) Since % is two times a number, find %
of the number by multiplying the number by 79. % or À of the children eat french fries.
(double it). 80. % or À of the children eat pizza.
(b) Answers will vary. For example, % of $ 81. (a) The food eaten by the lowest portion of
is • $ ~ $À children is candy.
68. (a) Since % is three times a number, find (b) % or À of the children eat candy.
% of the number by multiplying the number by
(triple it). 82. (a) The food eaten by the highest portion of
children is hot dogs.
(b) Answers will vary. For example, % of $
is • $ ~ $À (b) % or À of the children eat hot dogs.
83. Ninety-five parts of the one hundred parts are 89. The shaded portions contain squares, so four of
shaded. them give us • ~ shaded squares.
~ À ~ % ~ À ~ %
Five parts of the one hundred parts are unshaded. c ~ squares of the one hundred squares
are unshaded.
~ À ~ %
~ À ~ %
84. Twenty parts of the one hundred parts are shaded. 90. The corner-shaded portions contain squares, so
four of them give us • ~ shaded squares.
~ À ~ % The middle-shaded portion contains squares, so
the total number of shaded squares is
Eighty parts of the one hundred parts are b ~ À
unshaded.
~ À ~ %
~ À ~ %
c ~ squares of the one hundred squares
85. Three parts of the ten parts are shaded. are unshaded.
~ À ~ %
~ À ~ %
Seven parts of the ten parts are unshaded.
6.2 Percents and Fractions
6.2 Margin Exercises
~ À ~ % e
1. (a) % ~ ~ ~
e
86. Eight parts of the ten parts are shaded.
e
(b) %~ ~ ~
~ À ~ % e
e
(c) %~ ~ ~
Two parts of the ten parts are unshaded. e
(d) % ~
~ À ~ %
e
87. Fifty-five parts of the one hundred parts are (e) % ~ ~ ~ ~
e
shaded. e
(f) % ~ ~ ~ ~
e
~ À ~ %
À À ²³ e
2. (a) À %~ ~ ~ ~
Forty-five parts of the one hundred parts are ²³ e
unshaded. À À ²³ e
(b) À % ~ ~ ~ ~
²³ e
~ À ~ %
À À ²³ e
(c) À % ~ ~ ~ ~
88. Thirty-seven parts of the one hundred parts are ²³ e
shaded.
(d) %~ ~ ~ e
~ À ~ %
~ • ~
Sixty-three parts of the one hundred parts are
unshaded. (e) % ~ ~ ~ e
~ À ~ % ~ • ~
(f) %~
~ ~ e 4. (a) as a percent
~ %
\
~ • ~
\
(b) % as a fraction
3. (a) ~ % ~
• ~ • (c) À À as a fraction
•
~ À À ~
~
(d)
% as a fraction
Thus,
~ %.
%~
(b) ~
• ~ • (e) as a percent
•
~
~ % or À %
~
Thus,
~ %. (f) as a percent
(c) ~ ~ %
• ~ •
(g) % as a fraction
•
~
% ~
~
Thus,
~ %. (h) as a percent
(d) ~ ~ %
• ~ •
• 6.2 Section Exercises
~
e
~ À 1. %~ ~ ~
e
Thus, ~ À %. Thus, % ~
is false.
e
(e) ~ 2. % ~ ~ ~
e
• ~ • Thus, % ~
is true.
•
~ e
3. %~ ~ ~
~ À À e
Thus, %~ is true.
Thus, À % or exactly
%.
e
4. % ~ ~ ~
(f) ~ e
• ~ • Thus, % ~ is false.
• e
~ 5. % ~ À ~ ~ ~
e
~ À À
e
6. % ~ À ~ ~ ~
Thus, À% or exactly %. e
À À ²³ e
7. À % ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
²³ e
• ~ •
À À ²³ e
8. À %~ ~ ~ ~ •
²³ e ~
À À ²³ e ~
9. À % ~ ~ ~ ~
²³ , e Thus,
~ % is false.
À À ²³
10. À %~ ~ 23. ~
²³
e • ~ •
~ ~
, e •
~
\ ~
11. %~ ~ e ~ • ~
\
Thus, ~ % is false.
\
24. ~
12. %~ ~ e ~ • ~
\ • ~ •
•
~
13. %~ ~ ~ e
~
\
Thus,
~ % is true.
~ • ~
\
25. ~
14. %~ ~ ~ e • ~ •
•
\ ~
~ • ~
\ ~
Thus,
~ %.
À À ²³ e
15. À % ~ ~ ~ ~
²³ e 26. ~
À À ²³ e • ~ •
16. À % ~ ~ ~ ~
²³ e •
~
e
17. % ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
e
e Thus,
~ %.
18. % ~ ~ ~ ~
e
27. The denominator is already 100.
e
19. %~ ~ ~ ~
e ~ %
e
20. % ~ ~ ~ ~ 28. The denominator is already 100.
e
21. ~ ~ %
• ~ •
• 29. ~
~
• ~ •
~ •
~ ~
Thus,
~ % is true.
~ À
22. Note that is %, so if you recognize this fact,
there is no need to find as follows. Thus, ~ À %.
30. ~ 37. ~
• ~ • • ~ •
• •
~ ~ ~
~ À ~
Thus,
~ À %. Thus,
~ %.
31. ~ 38. ~
• ~ •
• ~ •
• •
~ ~ ~
~ À ~
Thus, ~ %.
Thus, ~ À %.
39. ~
32. ~
• ~ •
• ~ • •
• ~ ~
~ ~
À
~ À
Thus, ~ À% (rounded).
Thus, ~ À %.
40. ~
33. ~ • ~ •
• ~ • •
~ ~
•
~ À
~
Thus, ~ À % (rounded).
Thus,
~ %.
41. ~
34. ~ • ~ •
•
• ~ • ~
•
~ À
~ Thus, ~ À % (rounded).
Thus,
~ %.
42. ~
35. As a different approach, we see that the • ~ •
denominator, , can be multiplied by to get a •
denominator of . We'll multiply both the ~
numerator and denominator by . À
• Thus, ~ À % (rounded).
~ ~ ~ %
•
43. ~
36. As a different approach, we see that the
denominator, , can be multiplied by to get a • ~ •
denominator of . We'll multiply both the •
~
numerator and denominator by .
À
•
~ ~ ~ %
• Thus, ~ À% (rounded).
e
44. ~ 56. À ~ ~ ~ fraction
e
• ~ • À ~ À % percent
•
~
57. À decimal
À À % percent
Thus, ~ À% (rounded).
58. À decimal
•
45. ~ ~ ~ À decimal À% percent
•
•
So choice (b) is correct. 59. ~ ~ ~ À decimal
•
46. % ~ À decimal ~ % percent
•
~ ~ fraction 60. ~ ~ ~ % percent
•
~ À ~ À decimal
So choice (d) is correct.
e 61. ~ % percent
47. À ~ ~
~ fraction
e ~ À decimal
À ~ À ~ % percent
e 62. % ~ ~ fraction
48. À ~ ~ ~ fraction
e % ~ À ~ decimal
À ~ À ~ % percent
•
63. ~ ~ ~ À decimal
49. À % ~ À decimal •
e ~ À % percent
~ ~ ~ fraction
e
64. ~
50. % ~ À decimal
• ~ •
~ ~ fraction •
~
51. À decimal ~ ~ À
À % percent
Thus, ~ À % percent
52. À decimal ~ À decimal
À% percent
65. À ~ ~ fraction
53. À ~ fraction À ~ % percent
À ~ À ~ % percent
66. À ~ fraction
À
54. À %~
~~ ~ % percent
À ²³
~ •
²³ 67. ~ ~ ~ À decimal
e •
~ ~ % percent
e
~ fraction 68. ~ ~ À decimal
À % ~ À decimal ~ % percent
55. À % ~ À decimal 69. There are many possible answers. Examples 2 and
e 3 show the steps that students should include in
~ ~ ~ fraction their answers.
e
70. There are many correct answers. The table of 77. (a) out of employees have iPhones.
percent equivalents shows some of the
possibilities. e
~ ~ fraction
e
71. out of people who used the Internet to find •
~ ~ ~ À decimal
pet information, said they used it when buying a •
pet. À ~ À ~ % percent
e e
~ ~ fraction ~ ~ fraction
e e
• •
~ ~ ~ À decimal ~ ~ ~ À decimal
• •
À ~ % percent À ~ % percent
(c) % of DVDs is • ~ DVDs. The cross products are equal, so the proportion is
true.
87. % of a number is parts out of parts,
which is half or of the parts.
(c) ~
88. % of a number is parts out of parts and Cross product: • ~ ; • ~
can be found quickly by moving the decimal point
place to the left. The cross products are not equal, so the proportion
is false.
89. % of a number is part out of parts and can
be found quickly by moving the decimal point
(d) ~
places to the left.
90. (a) % of homes is • ~ homes. Cross product:
• ~ , ; • ~ ,
(b) % of printers is printers.
The cross products are not equal, so the proportion
(c) % of $ is $À . is false.
2. (a) part ~ , percent ~ 3. (a) The number preceding the percent symbol is
part percent the percent. So, is the percent.
~ (b) The percent is . The number appears
whole
with the symbol %.
~ OR ~ (c) The percent is
because
appears with the
% %
% • ~ • word percent.
% • ~
(d) The percent is . The number appears
% •\ with the symbol %.
~
\ (e) The word percent has no number with it, so the
percent is the unknown part of the problem.
%~
4. (a) The whole is since there are total
The whole is . tests.
(b) part ~ , whole ~ (b) The whole is since there are total
% % students.
~ OR ~
(c) For " tons of recyclables is % of what
• % ~ • number of tons?," the whole is, "what number," the
•% unknown part of the problem.
~
5. (a) The percent is and the whole is .
%~
is the remaining number, so the part is .
The percent is , written as %. Part ¦ ¥ Percent
~
(c) whole ~ , percent ~ Whole ¦ ¥ Always
17. whole ~ À, part ~ 23. whole ~ , part ~
% %
~ ~
À
À • % ~ • • % ~ •
À • %
~ • % ,
À À ~
% ~ À (rounded)
% ~ À
The percent is about À , written as À %.
The percent is À , written as À %.
18. whole ~ À , part ~
24. percent ~ , whole ~
%
~ %
À ~
À • % ~ •
À •% % • ~ •
~
À À % • ,
% ~ À (rounded) ~
The percent is about À , written as À %. %~
19. part ~ , percent ~ The part is .
part percent 25. whole ~ , part ~ À
~
whole À %
~
~
% • % ~ À •
% • ~ •
% • •%
~ ~
% ~ % ~ À
The whole is . The percent is À, written as À%.
20. percent ~ , whole ~ 26. part ~ À , percent ~
part percent À
~ ~
whole %
% % • ~ • À
~
• % ~ • % • ,
~
• %
~
% ~ , • ~ ,
%~
The whole is , .
The part is .
27. In a percent problem, the percent can be identified
21. whole ~ , part ~ because it appears with the word percent or with
% % the % symbol after it.
~ OR ~
28. In a percent problem, the whole is the entire or
• % ~ •
total quantity and often appears after the word of.
•%
~ 29. In a percent problem, the part is the portion being
% ~ À compared with the whole.
The percent is À, written as À%. 30. To solve a percent proportion, you must cross
multiply.
22. part ~ , whole ~
% % 31. % of how many is bicycles?
~ OR ~ bicycles
• % ~ • § § §
• % percent whole part
~ unknown
% ~ À Part ¦ ¥ Percent
~
The percent is À , written as À %. Whole ¦ unknown ¥ Always
§ § § § § §
percent percent whole part
part whole
unknown
unknown
Part ¦ ¥ Percent Part ¦ unknown ¥ Percent
~ ~
Whole ¦ unknown ¥ Always Whole ¦ ¥ Always
4. (a) part is ; percent is (b) Step 1 The problem asks us to find the total
weight of a batch of cake mix.
~ OR ~
% % Step 2 The percent is . The part is
% • ~ • pounds. The whole is unknown.
% ~
contestants is % of who auditioned. Step 3 % is close to %, or , and the part
is close to . is about of the total
(b) part is ; percent is weight, so multiply by to get as an
estimate.
~ OR ~
% %
% • ~ • Step 4 part is ; percent is
%•
~ ~ OR ~
% %
%~ % • ~ •
antiques is % of antiques. %• ,
~
(c) part is ; percent is % ~
~ OR ~ Step 5 pounds of sugar is % of
% %
%• ~ • pounds of cake mix.
%•
~ Step 6 The exact answer matches the estimate.
% ~ 6. (a) part is ; whole is
customers is % of customers.
% %
~ OR ~
(d) part is À ; percent is À
• % ~ •
À À
~
% \•%
% • À ~ ² À ³²³ ~
\
%• À ,
~ % ~
À À
%~
$ is % of $ .
À miles is À % of miles.
(b) part is ; whole is
5. (a) Step 1 The problem asks us to find the total
number of tons in the crop. % %
~ OR ~
Step 2 The percent is . The part is tons.
• % ~ •
The whole is unknown.
• %
~
Step 3 % is about %, or , and is about
. is about of the total tons, so multiply %~
by to get as an estimate.
Internet companies is % of Internet
companies.
Step 4 ~ OR ~
% %
% • ~ • (c) part is ; whole is
% •\
% %
~ ~ OR ~
\
• % ~ •
%~ • % ,
~
Step 5 tons is % of tons.
%~
Step 6 The exact answer, , is close to the
estimate, . trials is % of trials.
1. To find the part using the multiplication shortcut, part ~ ²À ³²³
use the formula part ~ $ À
45. part is unknown; whole is ; percent is (b) The number of trips not using public
transportation is
%
~ ,, c , ~ ,,
% • ~ • or million c À million ~ À million.
% • ,
~ 50. (a) whole is ; percent is ; part is unknown
%~ % %
~ OR ~
The number of people who check their e-mails %• ~ •
while working is .
%• ,
~
46. part is unknown; whole is ; percent is
% ~
%
~ The number of workers who recycle bottles and
% • ~ • cans is .
% • , (b) whole is ; percent is ; part is unknown
~
% %
% ~ À ~ OR ~
The number of people who check their e-mails in % • ~ •
bed is (rounded). %• ,
~
47. part is unknown; whole is ; percent is %~
% The number of workers who recycle paper
~
products and newspapers is .
% • ~ •
% • , 51. % of the children go to bed without brushing, so
~ % c % ~ % brush their teeth before
going to bed.
% ~ À
52. % of the children do not floss, so
The number of people who check their e-mails as % c % ~ % do floss.
soon as they wake up is (rounded).
53. % of ~ ²À ³²³ ~
48. part is unknown; whole is ; percent is of the children brush less than one
% minute.
~
54. % of ~ ²À³²³ ~
% • ~ • of the children brush only once a day.
% • ,
~ 55. part is ; whole is ,; percent is unknown
% ~ À % %
~ OR ~
,
The number of people who check their e-mails • % ~ •
during meals is (rounded). •%
~
49. (a) part is unknown; whole is ,,; percent
is %~
57. part is ; whole is unknown; percent is À % 66. part is unknown; whole is ; percent is À
À % À
~ ~
%
À • % ~ • % • ~ • À
À •% , % • ,
~ ~
À À
% ~ %~
She has monthly earnings of $ and yearly of the drivers in the – age group were
earnings of ²$³ ~ $ ,. pulled over by the police.
58. whole is unknown; percent is ; part is 67. percent is ; whole is ,; part is unknown
,,
% %
,, ~ OR ~
~ , ,
% • % ~ , •
• % ~ • ,, •% ,
•% , ,, ~
~
% ,
% , ,
, c , ~
The total number of income tax returns that were products were successful.
filed years ago was , , (rounded).
68. part is , ; percent is À ; whole is unknown
59. After "Other" and "Private Label," the brand that
was purchased most often was Breyers. , À
~
%
60. À% b À % ~ % of ice cream purchases À • % ~ , •
were of "Private Label" or "Other" brands.
À •% , ,
~
61. À % of people À À
% ~ ,
part ~ ²À ³² ³ ~ À
part people (rounded) The amount of the investment is $ ,.
..
people said they purchase Haagen-Dazs. 69. If % of her customers paid for their orders using
Pay Pal, then % c % ~ %, used some
62. À% c À % ~ À % more people said they
other method of payment.
purchase Blue Bell than Ben & Jerry's.
part is unknown; whole is ; percent is
part ~ ²À ³² ³ ~ À % %
part people (rounded) ~ OR ~
more people said they purchase Blue Bell than • % •
~
Ben & Jerry's.
• %
63. À% of the drivers in the – age group were ~
pulled over by the police, so % ~
% c À% ~ À % were not.
customers used some other method of
64. À% of the drivers in the b age group were payment.
pulled over by the police, so
% c À% ~ À % were not. 70. (a) If a family spends % of its earnings, then it
saves % c % ~ %.
65. part is unknown; whole is ; percent is À part is unknown; whole is ; percent is
% À % %
~ ~ OR ~
% • ~ • À • %
% • , ~
~
%~
% ~
The monthly savings is $ .
of the drivers in the – age group were
pulled over by the police. (b) The annual savings is ²$ ³ ~ $ .
71. In the percent proportion, part is to whole as 6.5 Using the Percent Equation
percent is to .
6.5 Margin Exercises
72. All percent problems involve a comparison
between a part of something and the whole. 1. (a) % of policyholders É % ~ À
73. Since there are grams of total carbohydrates per
part ~ percent • whole
serving, and there are calories per gram of
part ~ ²À ³² ³
carbohydrates, there are
part ~
• ~
policy holders is % of policyholders.
calories per serving from total carbohydrates.
(b) % of gallons É % ~ À
74. % of what number is grams?
part is ; whole is unknown; percent is part ~ percent • whole
% ~ ²À³² ³
~ % ~ À
%
% • ~ •
À gallons is % of gallons.
%•
~
(c) % of $ É % ~ À
% ~
part ~ percent • whole
grams of total carbohydrates are needed to
% ~ ²À³²³
meet the recommended daily value.
%~
75. % of what number is grams?
part is ; whole is unknown; percent is $ is % of $.
grams of saturated fat are needed to meet the part ~ percent • whole
recommended daily value. % ~ ²À ³² ³
%~
77. Yes, since they would eat
% d servings ~ % of the daily value. lab tests is À % of lab tests.
78. Each package has servings and each serving has 2. (a) is % of what number?
% of the recommended daily value of fiber.
part ~ percent • whole
% %
~ À ~ ²À ³²%³ % ~ À
• % %
²À ³²%³
packages (rounded) would have to be eaten. It ~
À À
may be possible but would result in a diet that is ~ %
high in total fat, saturated fat, sodium, and total
carbohydrates. dancers is % of dancers.
(b) À is % of what number? (d) The whole is and the part is .
part ~ percent • whole part ~ percent • whole
À ~ ²À ³²%³ % ~ À ~ % •
À ²À ³²%³ % •
~ ~
À À
~% À ~ %
À containers is % of containers. À is À %.
world class runners is À % of runners.
(c) is % of what number?
part ~ percent • whole 6.5 Section Exercises
~ ²À ³²%³ % ~ À 1. % of text messages
²À ³²%³
~ The percent sign follows , so write percent next
À À
~ % to À
The percent sign follows , so write percent next % of gallons is À gallons.
to À 24. part ~ percent • whole
"What number" follows of, so it is the "whole." ~ ²À ³²%³ % ~ À % ~ À
is the given portion of the whole, so write part ²À ³²%³
next to . ~
À À
~ %
17. part ~ percent • whole
~ ²À ³²%³ % ~ À % of files is files.
²À ³²%³ 25. When using the percent equation to solve for
~
À À percent, you must always change the decimal
~% answer to percent by moving the decimal point two
patients is % of patients. places to the right and attaching a % symbol.
26. When using the percent equation to solve for part 34. The correct answer is $ À . The error is in
or whole, you must always change the percent to a changing % to a decimal. % ~ À % ~ À ;
decimal by moving the decimal point two places to
the left and dropping the % symbol. ²À ³²$³ ~ $ À Correct
27. part ~ percent • whole Here are the incorrect answers and how your
~ % • classmates got them.
%•
% ~ À ; ²À ³ ²$ ³ ~ $ À Incorrect
~
À ~ % % ~ À ; ²À ³ ²$ ³ ~ $ Incorrect
% ~ À ; ²À ³ ²$ ³ ~ $ Incorrect
À is %. tuxedos is % of tuxedos.
28. part ~ percent • whole 35. % of million
~ % • part ~ percent • whole
% • % ~ ²À ³²³
~
% ~ À
À ~ %
À million or , , office workers want
À is %. iPods is % of iPods.
more storage space.
29. part ~ percent • whole
36. % of ounces of shampoo
À ~ % •
À %• part ~ percent • whole
~
% ~ ²À ³² ³
À ~ % % À
À is À %. À % of liters is À liters. À ounces (rounded) in the -ounce bottle are
30. part ~ percent • whole water.
À ~ % •
37. (a) % of , people
À % •
~
part ~ percent • whole
À ~ % % ~ ²À ³², ³
À is À %. À % of meters is %~
À meters. The number of people in the survey who would
31. part ~ percent • whole rather admit their age is .
~ %•
(b) % of , people
%•
~ part ~ percent • whole
À ~ % % ~ ²À ³², ³
À is %. cartons is % of cartons. %~
32. part ~ percent • whole The number of people in the survey who would
~ % • rather admit their weight is .
% • (c) % of , people
~
À ~ % part ~ percent • whole
À is %. orders is % of orders. % ~ ²À ³², ³
% ~
33. You must first write the fraction in the percent as a
decimal, then divide the percent by to change The number of people in the survey who would
it to a decimal. rather admit their salary is .
38. À % of À million
part ~ percent • whole
% ~ ²À ³², ,³
%~ ,
À million or , samples have been given.
11. of adults dread too much family time. 18. part is ; whole is
e % %
~ ~ fraction ~ OR ~
e
• • % ~ •
~ ~ ~ À decimal
• • %
À ~ % percent ~
12. of adults dread the expense. % À
e About À % of circuits is circuits.
~ ~ fraction
e
19. À % of
~ À decimal
part ~ percent • whole
À ~ % percent % ~ ²À ³² ³
13. percent is ; whole is %~ À
part ~ percent • whole people (rounded) prefer Dreyer's/Edy's brand
% ~ ²À ³² ³ ice cream.
%~ À
20. À % of $
% of $ is $ À .
part ~ percent • whole
14. part is ; percent is % ~ ²À ³² ³
% ~ À À
~ OR ~
% %
% • ~ • Add the sales tax, $À , to the purchase price,
%• $ , to get the total price, $ À À
~
21. À% of , ,
%~
part ~ percent • whole
cable customers is % of cable
% ~ ²À ³², ,³
customers.
% ~ ,
15. part is ; whole is
To the nearest thousand, there were ,
% %
~ OR ~ student loans that were in default last year.
• % ~ • 22. part is ; percent is
• %
~
~ OR ~
%~ % %
% • ~ •
% of policies is policies. %• ,
~
16. percent is À ; whole is
%~
part ~ percent • whole
% ~ ²À ³² ³ The total number of owners was , so the
%~ number of dog owners in the survey who do not
take their dogs on vacation is
À % of screening exams is screening
exams. c ~ À
24. part is ; whole is (d) The cost of the pickup truck is $, .
% % amount of sales tax ~ ² %³²$, ³
~ OR ~
~ ²À ³²$, ³
• % ~ •
~ $
•%
~
The total cost is $, b $ ~ $ , .
% À
2. Use the sales tax formula:
À % (rounded) of the workers will be laid off.
sales tax ~ rate of tax • cost of item
25. part is À million; percent is
À million (a) The tax on a $ patio set is $ À .
~
% $ À ~ • $
% • ~ À million • À •
%• million ~
~
À ~
% ~ À million
À is %. The sales tax rate is %.
To the nearest tenth of a million, there were À
million tax returns filed electronically last year. (b) The tax on a $ park bench is $ À.
26. 10À % of $ À ~ • $
part ~ percent • whole À •
~
% ~ ²À ³² ³
% ~ À À ~
The number of ski-lift tickets sold this week was À is À % or
%. The sales tax rate is À %
c ~ À or %.
6.6 Solving Application Problems with (c) The tax on a $, Dodge Charger is
$ À .
Percent
$ À ~ • $,
6.6 Margin Exercises
À • ,
1. Use the sales tax formula: ~
, ,
amount of sales tax ~ rate of tax • cost of item À ~
The sales tax rate is %. À is %. The sales tax rate is %.
(a) The cost of the bat is $ . 3. Use the commission formula:
amount of sales tax ~ ² %³²$ ³
amount of commission (c)
~ ²À ³²$ ³
~ rate of commission • amount of sales
~ $À
The total cost is $ b $À ~ $À . (a) Rate of commission is %; sales are $ , .
(b) The cost of the home theater system is $ . ~ ²%³²$ , ³
~ ²À³²$ , ³
amount of sales tax ~ ² %³²$ ³
~ $
~ ²À ³²$ ³
~ $À Jill earned a commission of $ for selling
The total cost is $ b $À ~ $ À . dental equipment.
(c) The cost of the leather chair and ottoman is (b) Rate of commission is %; sales are $ , .
$ .
~ ² %³²$ , ³
amount of sales tax ~ ² %³²$ ³ ~ ²À ³²$ , ³
~ ²À ³²$ ³ ~ $,
~ $ À
Alyssa earned a commission of $, for selling
The total cost is $ b$ À ~ $ À. a home.
3. sales tax ~ rate of tax • cost of item 12. commission ~ rate of commission • sales
~ ²%³²$ ³ ~ ²%³²$ ³
~ ²À³²$ ³ ~ ²À³²$ ³
~ $À ~$
The amount of sales tax is $À and the total cost The amount of commission is $ .
is $ b $À ~ $ À.
part percent
4. sales tax ~ rate of tax • cost of item 13. ~
whole
~ ² %³²$ ³
% %
~ ²À ³²$ ³ ~ OR ~
~ $À • % ~ •
The amount of sales tax is $À and the total cost •%
~
is $ b $À ~ $ À .
% ~
5. sales tax ~ rate of tax • cost of item
$À ~ • $ The rate of commission is %.
À •
~ part percent
14. ~
whole
À ~
%
À is %. The tax rate is % and the total cost is ~
$ b $À ~ $ À .
• % ~ •
6. sales tax ~ rate of tax • cost of item • % ,
~
$ À ~ •$
À • %~
~
The rate of commission is %.
À ~
À is %. The tax rate is % and the total cost is 15. commission ~ rate of commission • sales
$ b$ À ~$ À . ~ ²%³²$ À ³
~ ²À³²$ À ³
7. sales tax ~ rate of tax • cost of item
$ À
~ ² %³²$, ³
~ ²À ³²$, ³ The amount of commission is $ À (rounded).
$ À 16. commission ~ rate of commission • sales
The amount of sales tax is $ À (rounded) and ~ ² %³²$ À ³
the total cost is $, b $ À ~ $, À . ~ ²À ³²$ À ³
8. sales tax ~ rate of tax • cost of item $ À
~ ² %³²$, ³
The amount of commission is $ À (rounded).
~ ²À ³²$, ³
$ À 17. When solving retail sales discount problems, the
original price is always the whole, the rate of
The amount of sales tax is $ À (rounded) and discount is the percent, and the amount of discount
the total cost is $, b $ À ~ $, À . is the part.
9. When solving commission problems, the whole is
the sales amount, the percent is the commission 18. To find the sale price in a retail discount problem,
rate, and the part is the commission. subtract the amount of the discount from the
original price.
10. To find the commission, multiply the rate of the
commission by the sales amount. 19. discount ~ rate of discount • original price
11. commission ~ rate of commission • sales ~ ²%³²$ À ³
~ ² %³²$ ³ ~ ²À³²$ À ³
~ ²À ³²$ ³ $À
~ $À The amount of discount is $À (rounded) and
The amount of commission is $À. the sale price is $ À c $ ~ $ À .
The amount of discount is $À (rounded) and the $ À b $À b $ À ~ $À (rounded).
sale price is $ À c $À ~ $ À . 28. The cost of sets of towels is
21. discount ~ rate of discount • original price ²$À ³ ~ $ À .
$ ~ • $
• Since the cost of the towels is "$ À to $ À,"
~ we need to add $À for shipping and insurance.
À ~ The sales tax is
À is %. The rate of discount is % and the ² %³²$ À ³ ~ ²À ³²$ À ³ $À .
sale price is $ c $ ~ $ . Thus, the total cost is
22. discount ~ rate of discount • original price $ À b $À b $À ~ $ À (rounded).
$ À ~ • $
À • 29. The cost of pop-up hampers is
~
²$ À ³ ~ $ À .
À ~
The cost of nonstick mini donut pans is
À is %. The rate of discount is % and the
sale price is $ c $ À ~ $ À . ²$À ³ ~ $À .
23. sales tax ~ rate of tax • cost of item The cost of the hampers and pans is
~ ² %³²$ À³ $ À b $À ~ $ À . Since this cost is
"$ À to $ À ," we need to add $À for
~ ²À ³²$ À³
shipping and insurance.
~$ À The sales tax is
The amount of discount is $ À and the sale price ² %³²$ À ³ ~ ²À ³²$ À ³ $À .
is $ À c $ À ~ $ À .
Thus, the total cost is
24. discount ~ rate of discount • original price
~ ²%³²$ À ³ $ À b $À b $À ~ $ À (rounded).
~ ²À³²$ À ³ 30. The cost of coach lamp bird feeders is
~ $ À
²$ À ³~$ À .
The amount of discount is $ À and the sale
price is $ À c $ À ~ $ À . The cost of garden weather centers is
32. sales tax ~ tax rate • cost of item 37. discount ~ rate of discount • original price
$ À ~ • $ À ~ ² %³²$ ³
À • À ~ ²À ³²$ ³
~
À À ~ $
À
The sale price of the coat is $ c $ ~ $.
À is %. The sales tax rate is % (rounded). 38. amount of discount ~ rate of discount • original price
33. increase ~ , c , ~ , ~ ² %³²$ ³
~ ²À ³²$ ³
increase % ~ $ À
~
original
The sale price of the washer/dryer set is
, %
~ $ c $ À ~ $ À .
,
, • % ~ , • 39. commission ~ rate of commission • sales
, • % , ,000 ~ ²%³²$ , ³
~ ~ ²À³²$ , ³
, ,
% À ~$ À
45. The price decreased $ À c $ À ~ $À. 49. sales commission ~ rate of commission • sales
~ ²%³²$ , ³
decrease % ~ ²À³²$ , ³
~
original ~$
À %
~ The sales representative gets
À
À • % ~ À • % c % ~ %À
À •% commission for agent ~ ² %³²$ ³
~
À À ~ ²À ³²$ ³
% ~ ~ $ À
The percent of decrease in price is %. The agent receives $ À.
46. The cost for generating electricity from the sun has 50. member fee ~ ² %³²$ , ,³
been brought down from cents per kilowatt ~ ²À ³²$ , ,³
hour to cents. ~ $ ,
association fee ~ ²%³²member fee³
decrease ~ c ~ cents
~ ²À³²$ , ³
decrease % ~ $,
~
original The association will get $, .
% % 51. discount ~ rate of discount • original price
~ OR ~
~ ² %³²$ ,³
• % ~ • ~ ²À ³²$ ,³
•% ~ $ À
~
% À The sale price is
$ , c $ À ~ $,À .
The percent of decrease is À % (rounded). sales tax ~ rate of tax • cost of item
47. discount ~ rate of discount • original price ~ ² %³²$,À ³
~ ² %³²$ À ³ ~ ²À ³²$,À ³
~ ²À ³²$ À ³ $ À
~ $À
The total cost of the boat is
The sale price is $ À c $À ~ $ À . $,À b $ À ~ $,À (rounded).
48. discount ~ rate of discount • original price sales tax ~ rate of tax • cost of item
~ ² %³²$ ³ ~ ² %³²$ ³
~ ²À ³²$ ³ ~ ²À ³²$ ³
~ $ À ~ $ À
The sale price is $ c $ À ~ $ À. The total price is
$ b $ À ~ $ À .
sales tax ~ rate of tax • cost of item
~ ² %³²$ À³ 53. The percent equation is
~ ²À ³²$ À³
$ À part ~ percent • whole
54. The sales tax formula is
The cost of the fax machine is
$ À b $ À ~ $ À (rounded). sales tax ~ rate (percent) of tax • cost of item
55. The fly fishing rod and the spinning rod cost 2. (a) $ at % for years
$ b $ ~ $ .
0 ~ ••!
excise tax ~ rate of tax • cost of item ~ ² ³²À³²À ³
~ ²%³²$ ³ ~ À
~ ²À³²$ ³
~$ À The interest is $ À .
Yes, the answers are the same since both taxes are 0 ~ ••!
calculated on the same selling price. ~ ² ³²À³ 4
5 months
57. sales tax ~ rate of tax • cost of item ~ 2 3 ~ 2
3
year
~ ² %³²$ ³
~ ~
~ ²À ³²$ ³
~$ À
The interest is $ .
Excise tax from table: $ À
(b) $ , at
% for months
The total cost is
³ 2
3
0 ~ ••!
$ b $ À b $ À ~ $ À.
~ ² ,³²À
58. No. In Exercise 57 the excise tax of $ À cannot ~ ²³ 2 3
be added to the sales tax rate of % because the
excise tax is an amount, not a percent. ~ ~
6.7 Simple Interest The interest is $ .
6.7 Margin Exercises 4. (a) $ at
% for months
1. (a) $ at % for year 0 ~ ••!
0 ~ ••! ~ ² ³²À ³ 4 5
2 3
~ ²³²À³²³
~
~
The interest is $. ~ ~ À
(b) $ at % for year The interest is $À .
0 ~ ••! total amount due ~ principal b interest
~ ² ³²À³²³ ~ $ b $À
~ ~ $ À
The interest is $ . The total amount due is $ À .
~ 0 ~ ••!
The interest is $ . ~ ² ³²À ³²À ³
~ À
total amount due ~ principal b interest
~ $ b $ The interest is $ À .
~ $ 11. $, at
% for years
The total amount due is $ .
0 ~ ••!
6.7 Section Exercises ~ ², ³²À ³²À ³
~ À
1. % is the same as À %, and is written as a
decimal as À . The interest is $ À .
2.
% is the same as À %, and is written as a 12. $, at % for years
decimal as À .
~ ²,³²À ³2 3
0 ~ ••!
3. years is written as a decimal as À years.
4.
years is written as a decimal as À years. ~ ² ³²À ³
~ À
5. $ at % for year
The interest is $ À .
0 ~ ••!
~ ²³²À ³²³ 13. months
~ e
~ ~ fraction
The interest is $ . e
•
~ ~ ~ À decimal
6. $ at % for year •
0 ~ ••! 14. months
~ ²³²À³²³ e
~ ~ ~ fraction
e
The interest is $ . •
~ ~ ~ À decimal
•
7. $ at % for years
15. months
0 ~ ••!
e
~ ² ³²À ³²³ ~ ~ fraction
e
~ •
~ ~ ~ À decimal
The interest is $ . •
~ ²³²À³2 3
0 ~ ••!
24. $, at % for months
~ ²³2 3
³2 3
0 ~ ••!
~ ², ³²À
~ ² À ³2 3
~ ~
The interest is $ .
~ À (rounded)
18. $ at % for months
The interest is $ À .
~ ² ³²À ³2 3
0 ~ ••! 25. $ at % for year
0 ~ ••!
~ ² ³²³
~ ²³²À ³²³
~
~
The interest is $ .
The interest is $.
19. $ at % for months
total amount due ~ principal b interest
~ $ b $
~ ² ³²À³2 3
0 ~ ••!
~ $
~ ² À³²À ³ The total amount due is $.
~ À
26. $ at % for months
The interest is $À.
~ ²³²À³2 3
0 ~ ••!
20. $ at % for months
~ ² ³2 3
~ ² ³²À³2 3
0 ~ ••!
~ ~
~ ² À³²³
~ À The interest is $.
~ ² ³²À ³2
3
0 ~ ••!
27. $ at % for months
~ ² À ³2 3
~ ² ³²À ³2 3
0 ~ ••!
~ ²À³2 3
~ À (rounded)
The interest is $ À .
À
~ ~ À
22. $ at
% for months
The interest is $À.
~ ² ³²À ³2
3
0 ~ ••!
total amount due ~ principal b interest
~ ² À ³2 3 ~ $ b $À
~ À (rounded) ~ $ À
~ ² , ³²À ³2 3
0 ~ ••!
~ ² ³²À ³2 3
0 ~ ••!
~ ² À ³2 3
~ ² ³²À ³ ~ À (rounded)
~
The interest is $ À .
The interest is $.
total amount due ~ principal b interest
total amount due ~ principal b interest ~ $ , b $ À
~ $ b $ ~ $ , À
~ $
The total amount due is $ , À (rounded).
The total amount due is $.
34. $ , at
% for months
30. $ at % for months
~ ² , ³²À ³2 3
0 ~ ••!
~ ² ³²À ³2 3
0 ~ ••!
~ ² À ³2 3
~ ² ³2 3
~ À (rounded)
~
The interest is $ À .
The interest is $ .
total amount due ~ principal b interest
total amount due ~ principal b interest ~ $ , b $ À
~ $ b $ ~ $ , À
~ $
The total amount due is $ , À (rounded).
The total amount due is $ .
35. The answer should include:
31. $ at % for months Amount of principal—This is the amount of money
borrowed or loaned.
~ ² ³²À ³2 3
0 ~ ••!
Interest rate—This is the percent used to calculate
the interest.
~ ²À ³²À ³ Time of loan—The length of time that money is
~ À (rounded) loaned or borrowed is an important factor in
determining interest.
The interest is $ À .
36. When time is given in months, the number of
total amount due ~ principal b interest months is placed over because there are
~ $ b $ À months in a year. This becomes a fraction of a
~ $ À year. For example,
The total amount due is $ À (rounded). months ~ year ~
year ~ À year.
~ ² ,³²À ³2 3
~ , 0 ~ ••!
~ ² ,³²À ³2 3
0 ~ ••! The amount of interest they will owe is
$, À .
~ ², ³²À ³
45. $ at % for months
~ ,
~ ² ³²À ³2
3
0 ~ ••!
The amount of interest is $ , .
~ ² ³2 3
40. $ , at % for months
~ ² ,³²À³2 3
0 ~ ••! ~ À
She will earn $ À in interest every months.
~ ² ³²À ³
~ 46. $ at
% for months
The family will earn $ in interest.
~ ² ³²À ³2 3
0 ~ ••!
41. $ at % for months
~ ² À ³²À ³
~ ² ³²À ³2 3
0 ~ ••!
~ À (rounded)
~ ² ³²À³2 3
0 ~ ••!
48. (a) $ , at % for years
~ ²³2 3
0 ~ ••!
~ ~ ² ,³²À ³²À ³
The interest is $ . ~ ² À ³²À ³
~ À
total amount due ~ principal b interest
~ $ b $ The interest will be $ À .
~$ (b) The total amount he must repay is
The total amount due is $ . $ , b $ À ~ $, À .
49. The total cost of the bird cages is (b) $ at % for years
33. (a) $ , at % compounded annually for 37. The formula for simple interest is
years
Interest ~ principal • rate • time
% column, row from the table is À . or 0 ~ • • !.
compound amount ~ ²$ ,³²À ³
38. The formula for the total amount due is
~ $ ,
Total amount due ~ principal b interest.
The total amount that should be repaid is
$ ,. 39. Compound interest is interest calculated on
(b) The amount of interest earned is principal plus past interest.
$ , c $ , ~ $ , 40. Compound amount is the original
34. (a) $ , at % compounded annually for
principal b compound interest.
years
% column, row from the table is À . 41. (a) $ at % simple interest for years:
Seisoin siinä vain hetkisen, mutta panin merkille kaikki, mistä tie
johti päärakennukseen ja mitä ikkunoita voisi käyttää hyökkäystä
tehdessä; sitten käännyin pois ja kiirehdin takaisin. Onneksi en
kohdannut ketään linnan ja kylän välillä ja astuin majataloon mitä
viattomimman näköisenä.
III luku
»Linna metsässä»
»A moi!»
Hän oli pitkä ja hyvin laiha mies, köyhästi puettu lyhyeen, hänelle
pieneksi käyneeseen nuttuun ja paikattuihin housuihin. Syystä tai
toisesta hän ei kyennyt taivuttamaan niskaansa, ja sentähden hän
piti päätänsä oudon jäykässä asennossa.
»Se aika ei ole vielä tullut, että me emme voisi antaa ystävillemme
sitä!» vastasi hän ylvään kohteliaasti. »Kun se tapahtuu, monsieur,
olemme itse ilman kotia.»;
Huomasin nyt, että toinen heistä, Louis, tahtoi sijoittaa minut siihen
huoneeseen, jonka ovella seisoimme. Mutta portinvartija, jolla oli
avaimet, ei sitä tahtonut. Hän ei hiiskunut sanaakaan, eikä puhunut
toinenkaan, ja se antoi heidän kiistalleen kummallisen ja
kammottavan leiman, mutta edellinen nyökkäili yhtä mittaa käytävän
perimmäiseen päähän päin, ja viimein hän pääsi tahtonsa perille.
Louis kohautti olkapäitään ja astui eteenpäin, luoden minuun
syrjäsilmäyksen, ja ymmärtämättä, mistä he olivat erimielisiä,
seurasin heitä äänettömänä.
Minua värisytti.
Kesti jonkun aikaa ennen kuin sain asuni kuntoon, niin että kello
varmaan jo läheni kymmentä, kun läksin pienestä ikävästä
huoneestani. Tapasin Louisin odottamassa, ja hän sanoi minulle, että
madame de Cocheforêt ja mademoiselle olivat ruusutarhassa ja
halusivat tavata minua. Minä nyökkäsin, ja hän osoitti minulle tietä
useiden hämärien käytävien läpi saliin, jonka avoimesta ovesta
auringonsäteet iloisesti tulvivat sisään yli lattian. Minä menin ulos
aamuilman virkistämänä ja elpyneenä äkillisestä siirtymisestäni
miellyttävämpään ympäristöön.
Hän nyökkäsi.