} Unsr- I
©} Somple space {Wiel Everts - Clomicl ard
Boste Concepts of Prebscbiliby : Rordom Ex
loppreech ts probobilly and then Vimibat
events Exhitlive , mubuolly exclusive ex
Trdepodent everti- Avionmhc oppienck
Basic tReovers on probobilly Wing axicmatz append.
Bayes theorem (Stateret Ons)
Uner-II:
Discrete Drekabilily tro fundien , Carnmulctine
|dbbibutin duncan Pee ait Goa
Pemoulls dubibution and Dinomial) Dishibdion ond Pows
kel,
ability
|Distucticn
lover:
Conkinucws preboobilily domly
|dlidribution dinclion - Theor
Neal Distibulion ond
Dorred distrbubicn,Proldems bond on!
Dishriballion
|Onrr- iv:
Eakimaling poromebess of discute
|Grbinucw Dbeieebers “Tbreduction Q= 7
| didribukions - Abpdenks band. chi-aqy on
| dustribukion. ef Acrple mean ftom normal dubia
| Donity qundien ond Propertin Onky
ae
Taking of Hipothevis : Single muon bok oc
feet betel or renal dabibsen
ard Ninel t-didsibubion ; Proportion Eesk, Chiaqua:
Bab 7 Anova, bub a rf
Jun 17, 2023, 13:59Uvrr-T :
pills OF Proloatbilily > | aa]
Dipl SEB Cuber of Rordrw Exposing) i
\
bewmed on events The prbobilily sor tRe | i) Probab
Deeley dank As dared oy He nt, | COT
ae ooh Renn owl Oukume or ‘ oa
Event ond 4h. dotal | citi) Probab!
HR. Oceurance |
umber & Basle \ Oukcomes |
|
/
Number oF Sewveurable Cckcomes
Total Number of Oubtomes
@. Aeon ix Tamed unice find Re probabalily «:
|getlin, at least one buad?
BS Pola poh af Posible Orkwoms = 4
The Possible Oukvomes = CHH)(HT(TH) (rr) = 4 ty Th
Dumber of forourabl Oubtames = % iy Th
| the Propchilits, oF galling Ableut Ore head = 3/4.
ind the prckabilily oj
[© thous Coin ane eg
| At Atleast heod ~- i
Qalling AHeot One
excell, 2Gus) heod,
ead, urs ef penile: Oukcarss 2 2° |
Be
| Probl of Event =
HHA, Har, HTH TH TH, Tay RE AT TTT
| Probability ef Aleast or head = +
=p
| Probably exochty ta, hood -
® Dn Drkego 3 cheren ak fandom cul «
He Tilegen prim dd 180 hak ik AR po
tf $3
Lil) Greater Yon 40Experine,|
we Re
He ouatiz
+ der
| total
rulipl, ee = Ae
\ Diviibl of ie
iy Prebabilly. op mull gp coe
*} tis Proboloilly oF Divisible z ates ~ 4
¢ Pe =
tH) Prebabill OF Greater Pan wns
pullers bE Potsitbke Oukcomes
@Te Poy Corkain Agtohite and & Block ball 2
Balk are ~ drown ak tandem shot ithe presabilh
CiyBoth one hike
Cii) Bel ane Black
Gil) Om wohte curd ore Black
Rimier of tahite balls = +
Number of | Black balk = 6
Tokal Number ef Polls = 4o
Nombers y up drawing ot tm em
cf) The lee geting tia whiz a
Fi) The Probability ep géthng et Machel GC
Ci) The Probably ep gelling ore! WhbeEE Black l= AAEe
© A Seb Comitily ait monies Ropers
rs Comsisting OF men and + eomen~
bisué wy prebabailil Ba Bub Commit, will Grad
(iy The Exactly” tae wore
% tily Dtleask ail tecrnen
aes
aa No.of meh = +
No oF Wworren = ae
Tokal no % peuon = id ?
/ Vea peton cckcked =¢
(Nog way Acladling tae Women Bee 206. =
r XB XB |) EMER St i
= gna bee SR iy
= xa i A i
Ne F2Ilo f \ 9
lo
oH ny Belesting © Pema — neg i
= 4d, 5
ca (Bu. FE210
PAbabil} of getting exactly dias SP ee 2
=0.45
cate shits © taehnen =) recy,
(4Cax Tl Mac, «#)4 C4C4 1G)
Ciiy probobillls of
A Tee
= (bx 35) 44 xas) #0e21) 53 oa
eae ee Let
= 0-8, event
J ashen
Axioms Or Probobilly ve
let @ be HR. Aample apace ond be a»
Evetin s
PA) 6 Cold Cu probability Pe vert
¥ es follaning Condition ww sally reat
G) Pay =o Esl
Giy Pesy = 4. @®A *
Ui Be B ane mubilly Evert Plava)= Peers’ Box 2
eover 1 Fe dro.
Jet © be He comple space and A be a
Event ie 8 Rin Pu prebobiliy Fat fe event
P does nok happy « 1 —PCA)
PCA) = 1-Peay
Since Ais Re /Lomplinenk of Evenk
aed oe ee
PCS) = pChor)
Pls)= Ptr) + PCA) GiyProbek
i Pla) +P cA)
P(AY= 4 -Pin)
Hone. prevel,
Theorem 2
bh te the amp spre — aniodaled,
On experiment ¢ Han PLY=0
Poy
Seban Pls) = PLSLS)
pr 4
-* | Pls) = posyr PS)
ate PCS) = PES) — PCa?
ay PO)=0
Pt) =0
Ki | HHektay Proved,
53 | Theorem 3
ee | Teh She Re Samphe apace Rn or
= Ais & 5,
5) of Met
Hs now Bak Pin) do
d be an Te prove Rat PCA)#t
4 = Pcad+PCAy )
= PipoR)=4
pisye PALE) * Look
Peay = 2- Pines pone PORT ze
0 ePmMet
vohilz b/ Bad ond 9 Block bale
Red and 15 Block bells one ball
box nding Re probability “ek
Re Brent
Example
© A bex Ltontaing 1°
lume Ptay+p:=| Bex 2 Contain 3 Wis.
e hom eet jalemee ats, Wei AA colovn
eo. elie vest Bet
event |e lie Rud Blak “Toto
Pec ute 4 25
Box2, 3 + 1S 2
Ci) Preobabiliy oF rang, TR Red Mba from exch box
A en, Gil pes
et, (BBCA\AT
| rae
g 625 e \
| Probebiltj ep drosning bath Folin selec on
4
= PC Bete Whit: )-+PLBAR Red) +? LBetR Black)
sitocy By , bt, zu 4 AG ISO
Tete * seq 1 360 | det, BEG! BSG
= le 4. ie
SCS + fede hee
ee Ad 135
ae t+ ee
eten tar
2pap oreael:
A Giver Wak 8 «
iy No one
(ily Only
iii) AHeast
ba’
Dect ts ap Propabls dey
&
@=> Pras) = PCA). PCB/A)
@> PlABY = PLB). PlAle)
© Bayes Thuerem:-
IE Ay cre ‘trabtially disjoint:
with probability &F Pinto ,
2 BIN) BE)
Pcp) = PlA/e)- PB)
P (nb) = Pea). PLA)
2” Prdocbilits
Preloabilibj
Preloabaiit
Probably ¢
GyNe one
Proboabill
Cinhy Atleast
Proboobsility «
Since (PAOB) 411,22) «
PB) = PUB,). PCB/p,) + PLALYPLEMN) +
Bo everk A iby on Orbilag, eve Arin 05"ABC ela Re
V4. Dy :
He “Pretablity Bak
cre will solve the problem 5
one will Ache Re problem
ast one will dove te prololin
opr Zelving . Problarn
qe _Bebing Re problems
a © = ang Ra problin
z
sof Abe rok Aebving We Preblim = 5 Sm Z-
ore will delve He preblrn
sill ep No one will sche +R problem = Probably ef Arnot
ge o problin ¥ prdboobililj of Broke bit Preblim
2 prcboklt EC ck cn Pim
sotxtre 2
oe = Hie
Set
BOWy oe wil tobe te preblm
Prolocbiliby of Orly ore Uill delve Re problem = Probability of A alone
ste Problarn st Prebabiliger B Alene delving Hee problem +
Probably of C) Aline delving the Prd -
es (be $e) (E3-4) a(breed)
ill Solve the Prettm = A = prebabililg ho
ke will Bolve Re
Picbtim
Jun 17, 2023, 13:59Tye appear im the nenes eo
Soe
eth ‘
i %s fe ae“ 4
Ciiy Nore oF Rare wall be |
Patil of hwokard Hamer =
Probability of hasband nel elickel & = % ae.
PP ures. 3 =
sl erat ae ved
Pa a
Prabaly @ bt op Hem de, ates a
a
will be seleckid
ae ee ebidgitRim etl soluctih =
=(4- 5) $+)
aise
35
Gii)None gp Hem vill be Selackad
Probab i ea
li of Mencag Ram will be wa &
=a
OT, a Boldt dackuy moekine A,B,C Monujachin Vespective
25% 35%, 407. oF both “offer -tRiein oulpt sy. +
ah one dereckve A Belde k drown ok vandem ond
dound ts be depectre whol & Re probabil. fake ik
onpubine by B Machine.
1k BE (fe de even’ op Bold gockory by ™ &6
VB, Ey nk of Bold gockory by
ABS PCE) = 25 20.257 3 ee
PLE) = 35% = 0.35 id
€ PlE)edo%. = 0,46 Out
DB even op) daaun apacliva, bell =|
PCE) =0.05- ae bv
P(E) = 0.04 ‘|
PLE) = 0.02a
+
5
i
es
pets
35
felectid =
L
ee er
Pl /p) PCE) PCEVe, PLES) PCO/e,), +PCEs) Pl Icy
plo) — oss tees)
ara teeritueaetns) 000 a
plBip) = ee 1te.
Oreias 40.04 Fo.
0.040,
| Pl) = —2e
Whitt and SRA bl he mg
be
Bien? ee a Me PAUBAUA' One Poll o% dequn oF
we cane fe
Soe probabil “Rol drown rom Bag’
27, Apply He Poy az Wol-E, be
Acledin: bag d preg &
ot E, be event oF Aek.cking bog BoP
Pee, Roo en.
Probebility € drown in Yed loall rom bag A OP
Pel (Ep) =
ability °F rein ino re ball rom by ® /
irae of ERO
| Dee BE Peni) Plea),
pie ht) tbe.)
Pees) pire.)
FE) Plelm) + PLES) POe)
a 4719
5 ie te
ce Tp tls ths
Pls
em) =.
A yD ign et
4 P(E/D) en
PCE/D) ==
Be wok
he
.05 . Arum, 1
Stdek pe" Moly Oubz »
Bel. | di not aAbidy
arc g, believe of bldg
Tite, te cee CY dePl £) 20+
p(ea) = 1- PCE)
=)-0.F iD
Ples)= 03
Lek A be event op Fuileg P(Es/q)=7
5 there IR
i) pe ipsa PN) c
P= pce) PME, ) + PLES? PONE.) le
Rrotabilils of nek Atidying = P (A/E.) E
= 1-0.05
P(ple.) = 0.85 :
PCAIE)) = probally op atidying and pring ft
Plate) = 1-0-9
PALE) = 0-04 P
Sulacktaing — Voloes the ® eqr
PCE./a) = 0-3 (0.95)
0.4 (0.01)-+0.3 (0-15) 4
= _0-285 9.285.
0.00% +0.285 ~ | ° 292
PCEs/a) =0.9F
@T Parr=o.3 | Pted=0.4 7 PlAorB).=0-5 find cane)
te PCAvR)= PLA) ¥ Pre) — PLANE)
Pinap) = Pcar+Pce) = PCRUB)
PCRAB) = 0:340.4% ~ 0.5
i PcAas) = 0-2
Obie tu fe hone Poke on Ordinany you selected o!
Yondsm will erbom 53
Selon
Every Yeo Conkains Pocals
They lll be Fuloys in every Yor
te Extia. con be os follows : Sunday » Mens
TWordag - Hadaiday Tharly,, Friky, Sots
Total Number q. Pasibitin = 1 /
The pamibilities haus Friday > es’
Tobe! Neo
Probobilily Wok Hon will be 53 ile
SV Extn tridey <
de 2ona
Discrete Random Variables
A Yondom Vaniabla x % Ani
‘ Af be dincrele
Random Vonioble TL ayers only dacuts Val
he be dinike ov Counkaluly inpirae eoed
er | produc Aclds th a shop on a potticulon doy
ihe Gp Aber in a pontionon clan tr puible
Valu an 66, 65 |#+.
Probalailty Dien Fac Fandion ¢P.4.?) :
bbe oO Yordom Variable ter te
prokabill aaa qundion doping od
igi Pixsn) ones
Tk bolo Called as, Cumrmulolive dittibrtion
Ee & Prat
| Prpattios of clitubauhen Fonds
ti) FER) =6
diy Fleden
City of FO SL
Probability Max Funckion
La&* x be
oO discute ardom Veiclte boking
WP? value? 3x4, xu) et Re Prokabll
by mas guncion Pis
a)
dojved 0s Pl x=x)d =PE (l=1213)
| Example '=
QA fom ble Xx on the eng Drebatl gun
[eo 4 x, Rete fH ]
[poo [To ak] 2k [36] EPH FE] a
(iy dind k Acai @Pcxes) O Px Spcoex
STOR Artesgt >6) = P(X
P(x 2c) = 2k +k HE
pix ze) = ak te Plo exes) =k t2k +2K 43k
Biz ge= 2 sie Plocess) = 3e
= Plocxas=Pla=14P2-
=e) +P(x=4) OP Bene)
a pix zoe Ploex £
Ui) PCK23) =P(x=4) Plea) GY P Lees) =POes+Plxret! write dow
Ptxes)> 2a+40 4Ptxce) | oO Re
Plx1} = ee
5) tee) je aay Ms
| 4 Bee igley ae
Be) 8
| FBP RE ee eal
i Dishibats,
Maing Prcbehlis | Bonnoalls — Dictriboitin
pea = The Bemoullid Dithibukion ib a dincuts
I4a 4a, Probobilifg Dithibukia > dlepined os a discret Par
Neteution Euncts: Wendl: x is oid te be © Betnoullis Dittubukon
cae Peromein PT, th Probalailily Maw Funtlan ©
Over by Pe) = PMI-p)S x =o
Wis Pts) = p%q'> , X20,
a Pier y sper cies
4 Mean SE(™)= p } Von (x)= pq. /SD =JPy
bese Dorsey |D Wate down dhe probability dunchion wilh tb verge
FPG) = | SF Retnoullis Distibation “wil parametin 0.45
ate e
Ponomets P =o.45
@ >Pir2s)=5, Prqad ay Zaps del O45
at j=0°55) 5
i Probabili Bis Horekion = BQ) i
i EO 45.% Coss 7% x2!
@For a Bennowllis Ditibatar with Panametsr pros dind
¥ yng cthd Variance
ae
Prd, P=02 gzip y=l-o3aqre4.
1bind PLL cx <- Mean = EG = pq0.3.
oa Van) = 04S Vantx) = 0-2 (0-9)
Van(x) = 0.24
very. | Bihemiol — Dust bicker
Lee Tea be Binal Diliibulion
eine nord yphten et beac Pet te
Prekobilitg unction of Henu Re above diibubilien
Gesae Peres) Hy called as, te Bihornial pustabsctsn
Meon =hp 2 Vanionen = npg) >D =JhPy
STOR Ae)EO)
2
2 2
Bs) = 18(5 ES
BOS Van (x) 218-\CS)
Vastienta 8) = 2 P%
et my 20 ord SPi4 23
l@Th Mion oF (% binemial ae b iE
ding He patometen of Db ion fi
= MianteE@)= np =20 as :
Coquening er
Sede +
SD =npqete
204 =1b
part >
Mean = EU =np 220
. pUp)s20 SD [h=toy ie
WOT x & a Binomial Disttbted e < en
walk EOD=2 ond Vantx)= ti eb etd a
Mean = Etx) = typ np =2
Vantx) = hpy= 4/3
hy so sinsy
Pex = Hey par
Biv) = beet SPN” :
Mae
Mean = E(x) = a
FP) nna
Bu) = St se nea
Bx nexp ae ee
EQ) = 0+ Whe py” ean Cap’e Atayncap'gr
+hno,p"4"™
Elx)= para 2
Hones le nea
REED prgh Ay 3 neon)
i
Ecx) = hp La. =n PP Ap mown peghy
Eoo =hp Lass" 2
Rafsne’sEcx)=npoon
, BO)= np
ECO = 2 x* pe)
km
= ot 4x) Wes P*Q”™
SF Gwe pay F pre, peqr-*
“Rie My me xP °F
ee. XO pXqP™4 np
he,
a[oto+2tonce p oh 4 ata hCspq” 4 EW pha']inp
) ‘ ete
Saf SRD pape, eemDormr as. + Ntpaw Ine
[crappy nen-ncn-ooptgn ty. MAPS) 49
HCEHPL A lo-Dpq" 4p 1 +p") 4np
=h(h-Dp*L4 +p)" np
EL?) = hCn-lpunp
Vaalx) = Ee) [EOS (
Veatx) = hCh-pnp fed
Veale) = h>p np? +9p, bin po
Van) = hp -hp~
Vani) = wp L'-P)
Moment Gren me i Oe eo Ditubals.
Binomicl’ Bisbuluton'’ — PUX=X) PCa PY
Pee wee ce
My (b= 3, eR ie
= Enc lre
&
SAG (peGS nosed” encatpe dF
ncn (peg
= (oeng?+ng Cpe n cage? +
¢ nen Cpe) 4
= gene (beg Ync,(pediane 4 be
eb) = (9.40,
"
Jun 17, 2023, 13:58Binomial = Cusvuounor %
Fae” ap[x=+) 2PL¥=3) ap
ae is
BE Piraxdn= Ce Pey 3 b-% a
aplx=4] = Pee), , ee
afecg pets = 6CiP bie
2
4 [ecap aed = 6c, PL
I
Ais eI =e Probobi
4 Probak
JP 5 BPP ay =>4P=!
}
OA xX bs binomial Random, Vani %EUI=2 onl 9
|Vontx)=+ Sind pe x=s). dl
| 2oln:—
Eu ehp>2
Von (*) =npq = =>
nd) 22 Prob
Plxss) = bee (4) (Se
Pleas), shoe U4)e
@ te Disbububion
hes ,pto-3 dind de prs exactly be Doe
= h=S jp=o-
aR. pre babi jo followu = 4 probability
PUA gop neo are
=is f
The Binomial | dutabuhion — plxex) = Hex PT
PCx'=a) = 5, (0. (0 ay)
= SC, (0-3) (0-4)
= {o, WRF) (0.4%
Nu
= toCd.b1229
he probably op taeae é ary Pain of dite in row Six fh
, is Conbidin 4 | Aueceys ind oe —
ye | goon Seceen. - Probability op
p eS n=6
i Prete
getting doubk = (1/1 ,(229(3,9d)04,5,65 5)
| Probably gélitg Dow = Bob yy
¥ 7]
| | Probobilitg x foun Avecew ss PU ae es
y= 4r=) Dex=4) = 60, ( Lt ¢E) or a) < Ha p*q
‘ Dtxsar= ry{ ab) ee
PC X24) > 16 (b,0n0% 0-694)
(EO) =2 ancl PU x=4) = 0.0085,
ie are one 29 times Ime roy bres
j dow gou expect Bice Ban dite bb ie ~
IG dive pra Aix
eg
Probability of geting five iw ocdice = +
| Pkobobilly op gery. Aix in din = ig
Probubilly ep 3 Gea niece! > rs 0
| 7) (nee)
Binomlat~ (Distubulion POX” ae.
Hy Bes) LR) °°
Probabili ottec Arar dia shar
a Pee 8)= Ronen a ae psec
voile 3 Pines) = 6¢( VY Ce gs
or :
Ml ic ee ee
ry ee Pande Ye ef i oe. ools#t
gt
5.001
PCx Shays Oe2ttt b,082 + 0.016 +
P(xesve Be ait
Number es otleat — How Kime aie oy civ ook F204 bime:
= 0.38 %74
= 381.822),
Brn Ae)Rand
Ete)= F re" PCx) ee
= Zz ht x DPCx)
= Bow a
a which
A =F ax (20-1) Trial
ma ee XODOD|
2 é
ee ates 4
Ce2))
a
a Oy fa 2) + A
te M7 appa ee 44
cal
Pee) 40
ELX= FE),oll ible Vesdaauy I ger interval % ¢
By Cae tac Random Variable
| Pretabilte (Pewity Fundlsh (POF):
: The probabil demsly oe (oy
ef dha Config Re ot te pogo (a
eine of Pa), = He), oS ESE:
Properties ep.) RDF‘
Pee (as
2: feds =4
3. The. profabily Plasxeb) & gi y
Siena, ie Probabilly oF
| Gelrens Hoyas} =
x
# dd =% 4
fatdx = a
+ Jo% P
Example :-
| ® Check gunction DAG! ev
| filed.= ex es
abit
Te show ak fteode S4 gem 2 ze
ir ee
Jteraires J Noe
ey
fore 4 rs |
a) soe)
thee cfunchion ie! payaa te uncle | 4
Grebion ace fo Thx a a a
id [ows ger 3s <*
i‘ ¥
be “x bhi ae 7 1 A
[Pea Jfeoax 4. Jhasdx » Yrode
2 a *
| 04 Joypunes **
f
fe guncten (rt pee
st * d Jia te ?
! X aE +25)
ae [ ax+ ] = 4[lswore's- 3b)40)
shew]
Bd
zs ego +9)
Beg d
wih oe 7
ne
pag ev re
a be
jin zze
fin = 2%) 4
=
Plor)
B24. Cid te Uo
es
iat * gat ic eka
Sk 5 Je dus Cav eG tee
ot é eS
i oe L_ jktut;
oe et n=
y
dene
on
tb) =a" Vax (x)
Masn =
dwar udv x vse
whack (us? ot)
Saas woe Z [> 4st) H{prorbe
Mol) = o* + alm)
Mut loo?” 4
Pee eat bee)
2 tay
z so*
pezen | Prepertion of A Disbaten
Re ere prota aioli it Mean He ord
ee. h gw % fO-om eee
7. ditabtion has dre follmuing et
| Qt grph ia Gihicton Ares
HH
@ TR Meon j Median ond Mod.
| Gh woximam proeetil us ok
x es
oi
@TR hrovmel curve approaches end Aapebcticlly.
cia Aide op She MQ,
So hon pow OF infotay ok x= Wao
AN odd — moment Vonis Even remot OG
eg Hay #125 A Gncbdect®
PaO? dns IB Neop Devalon eee
G Sion ou ome ob pateas
pao) = 08"
nies a ee
ass
Bear ¢ x Jo #5-150
mos =
B= mond ae
oa S
oe LS —
. oe z1-S 2
ee rc cheat nerwel Gow
ex =e % 0.4332.
Pi toyed prinistg the aadad Prom
Shade’ Byeagenon- 08
ee ees ee aie ee
er ie sO) tomes Ral Ore ais
hoo e* eae Daag x bb Aaic
{cue | Exponial Disttbation
Rese 4 Meow 2
Dette? Ee) =! feb de
p Ress.Eskimnald
: Chorals
Pare (
=u [e- 1) et
Mean = ECx)= 2 y fi
a +!
EGa) 5 ples~ Teor -
es Lek x
c Je dx Population ist
a qe; , i Ff Anes pop’
Vaniance () = Eo) LEC) r
= 20°- (9)
Standart Normal Ditabebin:-
k. Ter x Ho normal ditibukd Poster &
onic. fh ork Respectively iE Meon and Stor | a
Devislin “tin == OW cold th Skandod. ”ged Samples duiiitsbions
of Exlimabion
*& Unbiasednen
a Sug pici
Sor
Pe yeliees He porte
E (xi %sy% os
a mao
= Afete ee 5%)
Pe = {edor ees Eo + +B xn)
fone Rowclamn Veniotle
Ebay = EOr=H
4 pews #)
ne
Stree 2 8a Fiske
Etx) = Eun =Daye, of Freedom = betel rarer of doug — Thr
bs “Dog By = Mab
Properio of £ disbbslin
tn Eiditibatio.’ Ae" 0 Agrrditical disbubsts-
Mean 0 (20%) ‘
io inane eee ae a
iy i Be
eat ie, “ames ome eto
Gy Ik Uniiedd, dvdeibdlion hen
WW) TL ha greater diarochion =
disbabstion 8
User of & tuk :
OT & wed bs bok dhe aignialpicancs
bebe dhe rruan of — ined asowialian
tiy Tb bh und’ te bebe whthin a Apedttic
is De popullin aon’ shan Ha given
arolk —Zample and cthe populate Sp i, not
tilly Te i also Urned te bert dhe xgnipi
i co ebm Ane uae oF ime ou
based ow dma inabh |sorple size Pe +
dae devistin oF HL poplin oe
4 oli As.
‘ eae 0 Zample, drawn au
ao
Jeni
_
Aysurnition for best 4
Ci) Sempln ane moun rom normah populolion
Yandor a A r (
Cine = Bkandend , deviolion _ trou traby_ be Kro. (
tii) Fow | Eeabtng te equality oF ee Popilalicn ron howe pre
Hehe G9 populotion 7 variance ded os ey!
Civ) In Com’ op tio sompla om odjumenks ih da Cote
OF freedom gor +
I Deseck of Freedom
aeGu Squex duitabitio,.
yan. fob de samples one
Chi
pormal ‘Pepilats, Wil ja ands Vv
Win oot grom
i Pi ftsieccoike boo fonpke | Ales Wo dt
dorm Nee dha, he Aample dikrtbubion ss
i Lo = ot
Ste Ao Aa
roy heb be Kns th ok Sy ‘
' Rien | proba I funchion 6
prded oS egeal -_ a oy ROE 2) BY
bdjamenks i cto». Whe Ki Conant deperdicg Cle dagres OF dreeder
Seren)
E V = ‘dagran
abn — The wo oF Ss. fi rx? avs x2) eux
Prepatin of cy —Aquore ditrubule: \
Gh Chi TH iw cume & -
ho diububstio. cil) the Rei ‘istububion, ie dhe
Cite Medion of Cli Aqvore
Pe Bane Nk ida | toa (easel PORE HS
res OF belyg 0.5. '
“3 cme mode | op chi
(HTK Name ye CK Sep
Che Syria cubgubekion
cle” Squan
tatifat of Gucdaw ofS
End é +If be Cuwe
|and oxpoctrat ney CUE
a ae
CGwwez Cran OF fitted
Joodren of. fit tw. und te
Here Ste Cares, urdow
i
Friis
ree it
Athibde are
Sn Aree ordGiiction, Ae bot Arakicics
Kr 2 Oe
Where,
Properties of “he
Gy ns ,x*
+ Whow
ik & etimated by 4.
diy TL n ond He vonane
wR (=) depres of Greedom & \
Tntewval £sHmation
Ao Gihimate «= Exproned by a verge
within voli BN, Elie 0, 0 ean
believed do in K Gn Trtenel Os tirmalt
Tnkewel estimakion Of & populalen prorat
8
i al llimalansaei the |cpmonein @) oF
Snowe [4-84 tuhew i dhe i
par je pee coats é
melee,
DM ee tug ty PC ‘rondom orp
normal. populaton Nye?) vhune pis
es, fron :
qh Atalitin = == Be Me raf tent
| Aoeape freon has he hovmal. distubatm NI
# Pls =2( 5} a 2ue(%)|
Values
np
& ot
whee eS ip Knoun hes, :
P[ 5-20 [$J Thee danated by He
Mlcrsume Ghek Grane Mo ABRpicoren( ligerence c
IW Aomple. ond popelatan, (eg: Maan, Varionce che)
i Cid Pltenanati sthesi -> “Tas oa
\ ay 1 ipo" b> * danctid \
ie Qwume hol here “ oO Agpyicans ditfew!
jay AOmpl. and population. (eg: Mean, Vowor
Wire cre tae type of Fir
A. Type rior
2. pe cae
Tesne
Sermp ond Population
HA Arralh Group dam ae
ta an ¢. far
aA “lange group) * °
I) Stondond Exons
ee SE. Glbrdand dasiokion oo
| ite” aes cain odie o§ oe
ee ae
Ge dae ee prem
sample.
Ee ag
BQ ol lyse
Hg the ion)
Wie chat ae te er tee #
Level
Peeps wv
Au o%
Gn gen
oe
Sn Tailed
holmes or
Amalie — Comp
faded test
Srall Atop
Lf
is Cabbd
a darge
Shudenk
T
Formulefal of Signiticane.
The pro level ok whith hyped
Jooge Potepled ©) Rajeckd ie Called Ge Juvel of Signspicanca
Bop ae ea, Aoveral — aval “e aigniicana, 4h gi sor
on gonna Be fallen) Le BOT Lge leh
BTID ond Tivo Tailed Tat
ze et icante ip ference
ind Here any 41g hed
BACs ce Sat il
the samp. ean Gres
ds popula’ rear Hun we apply om
lex Hon 30
pe die size op TR Aorph *
is Cabbd a small stomp and greater Chan 30 fC
a donge Aomple
Students b- teab
aoe
Formule. X-h | Whe
k= ig
We Apply fics to ds Compare
Prizes, oe...
gS. r
BA Medi & rang ee
Ot inch a Yandem sample Fie
Wan fidiomets ep OFedain bale
F ibe inks gird te Atala
apericalin.. \ycttan so FP
ke
(7
a
i
w
ny
(
a
y
-
ET
3
ie)
u
>
fe)
ga
Pa& =@.0% Dviecua Teeny leniic E
gl gt wohant plankelin give Hecke Boinc
Ee [esol
Bie 3e Bs. as | 32. =,
UTD jog 22 130 [20 be |
Teck for ditteronce —beban Blacks ard Show
lo
Ev rotat
Totah
Calberbok
Toba velcr
QF=Ne2 f
gum The squaus oF Yows 2 oS eayataye ate”
i),
PASO. bl: 2 gas
Sng aquieite Clunn(ssey — Pugs va ra!
+4 4 45605436 44295
= 24,83
TSS (etal sam ofthe squous ) = (year sere
peotatars GP HEY
4D s Ges wht
= 44to4le aris p3erata 4264
4rs+ 16e4+
2528
(e420 | eo |
See. |e io. | wees
aleninig |
Calobatid value erin = 13".
Tale vou gor die g (30> 28-44 petal
Gat att
Sear}2 Aignplcane
We A Variable trial wor
who evi youn Voubly
Pak lagi, Vals OEE
Bede. ae + Me ee ee
3
2 aleubel bee tee APS
lun ie aky | GiiyTue vsoy — Clas}picaho
Fars ore % canned out Text
gree Boe Cron 2 tampls treo
5 me »w Und ds ind ra 4
| pepilatin ore fame
Gi) = bab con be und ¢
fa
i: tai somples « Prolysin of, Vaxdance
i
BE] Defi Avova
| the bob
| Ce Vonichian She dom
muons of SS called
| Res S dosh ‘oluey
Valiuos ue moke te Conclusion wr
5
Vole CT
]
Ti Coleuloks Vole (Cis lev: than
Wy then ype is oxcceptr
CV eT. acceptal ie! 5.
cl meat vee ayreako, thes
vejectect
alle Valu CTV) | Cte aypathes
‘ CVSTV vejecks
Ono way Champpicclin »
| We foe, aS 0
cf dhyerente ompla ib
“4 ths obs
Clamipicslion Uo Compare, only
©
ri
ii
i
av
fo)
cy
LS.
if
5
Aa Palilizes moy, be daidl on sige
ae Hs hla, Ponblizers tr te
Housiftcatisn
hy) Vous.
in One way Clamizicalon
1: fink ua make Null Hypothesis He
“TO Compare He lifference etdean Column ve
ih, each, alan
Sep s dnd AR 7 grond otal T
Step: find Ue .RRT, a tones «Nis bobal) rumin
Ger valuus
Steps: Lind he dum 9 de quena 9G Colenn |
Cte el oe cack, tain and dvdng He oe
Valuss frome Jeulbiack his OF +B tinder vd
Sp 6: sind Bheo Folal aumiiet, Aquarus oe
te given Values land, Tae es F
dim GR = gt
= Pom Ths Ae ala
—_ ea
Sennce cl [Qiks of | Degpestiof | —
Feller
| Poway fitoclat
oda Bk!) ee. 4a
peta hoe
Aighigicance diyperonce 3
the diyorat dypes A plets ray
ater
hep
Steps
Stopspk
}Pe
Unni,
BlepS} TS, Compare Aiporent chron toa cond column
and tind he taal ep cack vou and each colin
be hepa Find tha Grand Tokol 7
Steps Find the — Comrechion Foctov op than Mitty
total Wo % given ee 4
eo Aqparet of Yous an
Steps: find de cae me eget ae
Columns by — Aquaning
vous and dividing toe
hick voles @prm fe
mh f
Aube Oe Few
Step 6! dind YR total cum
qh ayes volun and od
FEL
ber Stept: Ayo Trae As Follows
tbe Aqpanas by sqvaring all
ding rom * subliock th
LEED
©
i
ATH,—__.
i" skondiond 0
aye Fes a, i Pe sample ¥s ae.
lange ample vom hrevmal dsb
fixed ne velat
5 ‘fo level = |.%6
1th level= 2.58
Diyerene fm endl
gh rondo Bat of too veterded dulails in The w:
ere eee oe
ami ol 2
Oe sel ee a Bee be yo
eae Hon Foye we a ct level of Algaesicance
Te af the fey Muae We span th greaker than 0 5:
HypalRis TR mean lye cae hob greater Vs
NF loo.
side
a=84
MatoZ=40.26
Ds Random Aomples drawn from itme normal
ore given ow test whet, He time popelstioe
Aor —Voriante
20 1b 26 24 2322184 25-09
Sample 1+ 23 32 2522 24286 31 20 83 2%
i Thi ho Agnyicona dyjooe
belie vation of the be sample
g?7= Z& Sie )*
haa)
Sa 2G)
ng =e
BbAlbs26+25423422418494
Sona 10
ee te é ae!
a eee eee ae est ay 20 428438
z 2
2224 =)
) Geary Xa Ou-%e) Ge %)
ce +
36
1b
25viva V20:
Jun 17, 2023, 13:55,