Landscape of Pakistan

Location of Pakistan
• Pakistan's landscape is incredibly diverse, ranging from the high mountains
of the Himalayas, Karakoram, and Hindu Kush in the north, to fertile plains
in the Indus River valley, to deserts, plateaus, and a long coastline along the
Arabian Sea in the south.
• The country's strategic location has made it a crossroads for various
cultures and trade routes throughout history, and it plays a crucial role in
regional geopolitics.
• Pakistan is divided into four provinces: Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
(formerly known as the North-West Frontier Province), and Balochistan.
• It also has two autonomous territories:
1. Gilgit-Baltistan
2. Azad Jammu and Kashmir.
Location of Pakistan
• India lies in the East.
• China lies in the north. Karakoram Highway connects Pakistan and
China.
• Afghanistan lies in the North-west. The border with Afghanistan is
called Durand Line.
• Iran in the West.
• Arabian Sea in the South of Pakistan.
Physical Features of Pakistan
• Physical Features of Pakistan:
1. Mountain Ranges
2. Plateau
3. Deserts
4. Rivers
5. Plains
 Mountain Ranges:
• Northern Mountain Ranges:

Sub-Himalayan Range or Siwalik Hills

Situated at east of River Indus, Pabbi Hills are its famous hills located at the south of hazara
and Murree.
The Lesser Himalayan Range
North of Sub-Himalayan Range, Pir Panjal highest peak, Murree, Ayubia and Nathiagali
famous Places of the Range.
The Greater Himalayan range
One of the highest mountain ranges in the world, Nanga Parbat is the highest peak of the
range.
Karakoram Range
It is in the North of Himalaya, Second highest Peak in the world, K-2 lies in this range.
The Hindu Kush Mountains
Located in the North-west of Pakistan, highest peak is Trich Mir.
Central Mountain Ranges

• Salt Range
Located in the south of Potohar Plateau, between river Indus and
Jhelum.
• The Sulaiman Mountain Range
Stretches from North to South, starts from south of Gomal River. Takht-
e-Sulemani , highest Peak of the Range.
Kithar Range
South of Suleman Range and west of River Indus.
Western Mountain Ranges

• Toba Kakar Mountain Range

• Chagi Hills and Ras Koh Hills
• Saihan Hills
• Central Makran Hills
• Hills of Makran Coast
Plateau
Plateau is an area of highland, consisting of flat surface.
Potohar Plateau:
Situated in the north of salt range. It is between river Jhelum and river
Indus. Coal and Mineral Oil are found here.
Balochistan Plateau:
Located in the west of Suleman and Kirthar Range. It is uneven and
barren and has desert like Characteristics. North of Plateau has Chagi
and Toba Kakar ranges. Famous and largest lake is Hamoon-e- Mashkel.
Deserts
• Pakistan hosts five deserts. They include,
1. Thar Desert in Sindh
2. Cholistan Desert in Bahawalpur (Punjab)
3. Thal Desert in Bhakkar (Punjab)
4. Kharan Desert in Balochistan
5. Katpana Desert in Skardu
Rivers
• River Indus, originates from Tibet and flows into Arabian Sea.
• River Jhelum, originates from Indian administered Kashmir.
• River Chenab, it originates in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh,
flows through Indian-administered Kashmir, and enters Pakistan. The
Chenab is the largest of the Punjab rivers in terms of the volume of
water it carries.
• River Ravi, also originates in India, flows through the Indian states of
Himachal Pradesh and Punjab, and enters Pakistan.
• River Sutlej, originates in Tibet and flows through India's Himachal
Pradesh and Punjab regions before entering Pakistan.
Plains
• Upper Indus Plain
Area from Potohar Plateau to Mithankot, fertile palin, five Rivers.
• Lower Indus Plain
From Mithankot to Thatta, fertile area