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Business Statistics: Communicating with Numbers, 3e (Jaggia)
Chapter 7 Sampling and Sampling Distributions
1) Bias refers to the tendency of a sample statistic to systematically over-or underestimate a

population parameter.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: When the information from a sample is not typical of information in the population
in a systematic way, we say that bias has occurred.
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Sampling
Learning Objective: 07-01 Explain common sample biases.
Bloom's: Remember
AACSB: Reflective Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
2) We use a population parameter to make inferences about a sample statistic.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: We use a sample statistic, or simply statistic, to make inferences about an unknown
population parameter.
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Sampling
Bloom's: Remember
3) Selection bias occurs when the sample is mistakenly divided into strata, and random samples
are drawn from each stratum.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Selection bias refers to a systematic exclusion of certain groups from consideration
for the sample.
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Sampling
Bloom's: Remember
1
Copyright 2019 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior
written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4) Nonresponse bias occurs when those responding to a survey or poll differ systematically from
the nonrespondents.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: Nonresponse bias occurs when those responding to a survey or poll differ
systematically from the nonrespondents.
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Sampling
Bloom's: Remember
5) Social-desirability bias refers to systematic difference between a group's "socially acceptable"

responses to a survey or poll and this group's ultimate choice.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: Social-desirability bias refers to systematic difference between a group's "socially
acceptable" responses to a survey or poll and this group's ultimate choice. This is used as one
explanation of the polling missteps that occurred in the 2016 election between Donald Trump
and Hillary Clinton. Voters might have provided incorrect answers to a survey or poll because
they thought others would look unfavorably on their ultimate choices.
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Sampling
Bloom's: Remember
6) A simple random sample is a sample of n observations that has the same probability of being
selected from the population as any other sample of n observations.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: Most statistical methods presume simple random sample.
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Sampling
Learning Objective: 07-02 Describe various sampling methods.
Bloom's: Remember
2
7) In stratified random sampling, the population is first divided up into mutually exclusive and
collectively exhaustive groups, called strata. A stratified sample includes randomly selected
observations from each stratum, which are proportional to the stratum's size.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: With stratified random sampling, the population is divided into groups based on
one or more classification criteria. Then simple random samples are drawn from each group in
sizes proportional to the relative size of each group in the population.
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Sampling
Bloom's: Remember
8) In cluster random sampling, the population is first divided up into mutually exclusive and
collectively exhaustive groups, called clusters. A cluster sample includes randomly selected
observations from each cluster, which are proportional to the cluster's size.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: In cluster random sampling, the population is first divided up into mutually
exclusive and collectively exhaustive groups, called clusters. A cluster sample includes
observations from randomly selected clusters. Instead of taking a subset from each cluster, the
entire cluster is selected as part of the sample.
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Sampling
Bloom's: Remember
9) Cluster sampling is preferred when the objective is to increase precision.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Cluster sampling is preferred when the objective is to decrease costs. Stratified
sample is preferred when the objective is to increase precision.
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Sampling
Bloom's: Remember
3
10) A parameter is a random variable, whereas a sample statistic is a constant.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: A parameter is a constant, although its value may be unknown. A sample statistic,
such as the sample mean or the sample proportion, is a random variable whose value depends on
the chosen random sample.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Topic: Sampling
Bloom's: Understand
11) When a statistic is used to estimate a parameter, the statistic is referred to as an estimator. A
particular value of the estimator is called an estimate.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: The statistic is used to estimate a parameter.
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Sampling
Bloom's: Remember
12) The standard deviation of (standard error of the sample mean) equals the population
standard deviation divided by the square root of the sample size, or, se( ) = equivalently.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: To distinguish the variability between samples from the variability between
individual observations, we refer to the standard deviation of the sample mean or to the standard
error of the sample mean.
Topic: The Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean
Learning Objective: 07-03 Describe the sampling distribution of the sample mean.
Bloom's: Understand
4
13) The standard deviation of suggests that the variation between observations is smaller than
the variation between averages.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: The standard deviation of the sample mean (standard error of the sample mean)
suggests the variation between averages is less than the variation between observations.
Bloom's: Understand
14) A point estimator refers to an estimator that provides a single value.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: A point estimator provides a single value or a point.
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Bloom's: Remember
15) If the expected value of a sample mean equals the population mean, the sample mean is
biased.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: If the expected value of a sample mean equals the population mean, the sample
mean is unbiased.
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Bloom's: Remember
5
16) For any sample size n, the sampling distribution of is normal if the population from which
the sample is drawn is uniformly distributed.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: For any sample size n, the sampling distribution of is normal if the population
from which the sample is drawn is normally distributed.
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 07-03 Describe the sampling distribution of the sample mean.; 07-04
Explain the importance of the central limit theorem.
Bloom's: Remember
17) For any population X with expected value µ and standard deviation σ, the sampling
distribution of will be approximately normal if the sample size n is sufficiently small. As a
general guideline, the normal distribution approximation is justified when n < 30.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: For any population X with expected value µ and standard deviation σ, the sampling
distribution of will be approximately normal if the sample size n is sufficiently large. As a
general guideline, the normal distribution approximation is justified when n ≥ 30.
Learning Objective: 07-03 Describe the sampling distribution of the sample mean.; 07-04
Explain the importance of the central limit theorem.
Bloom's: Remember
18) The central limit theorem approximation improves as the sample size decreases.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: The central limit theorem approximation improves as the sample size increases.
Learning Objective: 07-04 Explain the importance of the central limit theorem.
Bloom's: Remember
6
19) For any population proportion p, the sampling distribution of will be approximately normal
if the sample size n is sufficiently large. As a general guideline, the normal distribution
approximation is justified when np ≥ 5 and n(1 − p) ≥ 5.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: As a general guideline, the normal distribution approximation for any population
proportion is justified when np ≥ 5 and n(1 −p) ≥ 5.
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: The Sampling Distribution of the Sample Proportion
Learning Objective: 07-05 Describe the sampling distribution of the sample proportion.
Bloom's: Remember
20) Stratified random sampling is preferred when the objective is to ________.
Answer: increase precision

Explanation: When the objective of sampling is to increase precision then the stratified random
sampling is preferred.
Topic: Sampling
Bloom's: Understand
21) Cluster sampling is preferred when the objective is to ________.
Answer: reduce costs

Explanation: When you need to reduce costs of sampling the cluster sampling is preferred.
Topic: Sampling
Bloom's: Understand
7
22) The ________ of is the same as the mean of the individual observations.
Answer: expected value

Explanation: The expected value of is computed as E( ) = E(X) = μ.
Bloom's: Understand
23) If is normally distributed then we can transform it into a(n) ________ normal random
variable.
Answer: standard
Explanation: If is normal, we can transform it into a standard normal random variable Z.
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Bloom's: Remember
24) For making statistical inferences, it is essential that the sampling distribution of is
________ distributed.
Answer: normally
Explanation: If the population X from which the sample is drawn is normal, then is normally
distributed.
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Bloom's: Remember
8
25) According to the central limit theorem, the sampling distribution of approaches the normal
distribution as the sample size ________.
Answer: increases
Explanation: For any population proportion p, the sampling distribution of is approximately
normal if the sample size n is sufficiently large.
Bloom's: Understand
26) A preferred approach to quality control is the ________ approach.
Answer: detection
Explanation: A firm using the detection approach inspects the production process and
determines at which point the process does not conform to specifications.
Topic: Statistical Quality Control
Learning Objective: 07-07 Construct and interpret control charts for quantitative and qualitative
data.
Bloom's: Understand
27) The ________ variation in the production process is caused by specific events or factors that
can usually be identified and eliminated.
Answer: assignable
Explanation: The assignable variation is caused by specific events or factors that can usually be
identified and eliminated.
Topic: Statistical Quality Control
Learning Objective: 07-07 Construct and interpret control charts for quantitative and qualitative
data.
Bloom's: Understand
9
28) Bias can occur in sampling. Bias refers to ________.
A) the division of the population into overlapping groups
B) the creation of strata, which are proportional to the stratum's size
C) the use of cluster sampling instead of stratified random sampling
D) the tendency of a sample statistic to systematically over- or underestimate a population
parameter
Answer: D
Explanation: Bias refers to the tendency of sample statistic to systematically over- or
underestimate a population parameter.
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Sampling
Bloom's: Remember
29) Selection bias occurs when ________.

A) the population has been divided into strata
B) portions of the population are excluded from the consideration for the sample
C) cluster sampling is used instead of stratified random sampling
D) those responding to a survey or poll differ systematically from the nonrespondents
Answer: B
Explanation: Selection bias refers to a systematic underrepresentation of certain groups from
consideration for a sample.
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Sampling
Bloom's: Remember
10
30) Nonresponse bias occurs when ________.
A) the population has been divided into strata
B) portions of the population are excluded from the sample
C) cluster sampling is used instead of stratified random sampling
D) those responding to a survey or poll differ systematically from the nonrespondents
Answer: D
Explanation: Nonresponse bias refers to a systematic difference in preferences between
respondents and nonrespondents to a survey or a pool.
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Sampling
Bloom's: Remember
31) Which of the following is not a form of bias?

A) Portions of the population are excluded from the sample.
B) Information from the sample is typical of information in the population.
C) Information from the sample overemphasizes a particular stratum of the population.
D) Those responding to a survey or poll differ systematically from the nonrespondents.
Answer: B
Explanation: Bias refers to the tendency of sample statistic to systematically over- or
underestimate a population parameter.
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Topic: Sampling
Bloom's: Remember
11
32) Which of the following meets the requirements of a simple random sample?
A) A population contains 10 members under the age of 25 and 20 members over the age of 25.
The sample will include six people who volunteer for the sample.
B) A population contains 10 members under the age of 25 and 20 members over the age of 25.
The sample will include six people chosen at random, without regard to age.
C) A population contains 10 members under the age of 25 and 20 members over the age of 25.
The sample will include six males chosen at random, without regard to age.
D) A population contains 10 members under the age of 25 and 20 members over the age of 25.
The sample will include two people chosen at random under the age of 25 and four people
chosen at random over 25.
Answer: B
Explanation: A simple random sample is a sample of n observations that has the same
probability of being selected from the population as any other sample of n observations.
Topic: Sampling
Bloom's: Understand
33) Which of the following meets the requirements of a cluster sample?

A) A population can be divided into 50 city blocks. The sample will include one hundred people
who volunteer for the sample from any city block.
B) A population can be divided into 50 city blocks. The sample will include one hundred people
chosen at random, without regard to the city block where they live.
C) A population can be divided into 50 city blocks. The sample will include all residents from
two randomly chosen city blocks.
D) A population can be divided into 50 city blocks. The sample will include two people chosen
at random from each city block.
Answer: C
Explanation: A cluster sample includes observations from randomly selected clusters. In this
case, two randomly selected clusters from the 50 city blocks will be used to create the sample.
Topic: Sampling
Bloom's: Understand
12
34) Which of the following meets the requirements of a stratified random sample?
A) A population contains 10 members under the age of 25 and 20 members over the age of 25.
The sample will include six people who volunteer for the sample.
B) A population contains 10 members under the age of 25 and 20 members over the age of 25.
The sample will include six people chosen at random, without regard to age.
C) A population contains 10 members under the age of 25 and 20 members over the age of 25.
The sample will include six males chosen at random, without regard to age.
D) A population contains 10 members under the age of 25 and 20 members over the age of 25.
The sample will include two people chosen at random under the age of 25 and four people
chosen at random over 25.
Answer: D
Explanation: In stratified random sampling, the population is first divided up into mutually
exclusive and collectively exhaustive groups, called strata. A stratified sample includes randomly
selected observations from each stratum that are proportional to the stratum's size.
Topic: Sampling
Bloom's: Understand
35) Which of the following is true about statistics such as the sample mean or sample
proportion?
A) A statistic is a constant.
B) A statistic is a parameter.
C) A statistic is always known.
D) A statistic is a random variable.
Answer: D
Explanation: A parameter is a constant, although its value may be unknown. A statistic, such as
the sample mean or the sample proportion, is a random variable whose value depends on the
chosen random sample.
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Bloom's: Remember
13
36) Statistics are used to estimate population parameters, particularly when it is impossible or too
expensive to poll an entire population. A particular value of a statistic is referred to as a(n)
________.
A) mean
B) stratum
C) estimate
D) finite correction factor
Answer: C
Explanation: When a statistic is used to estimate a parameter, it is referred to as an estimator,
and a value of estimator is called an estimate.
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Bloom's: Remember
37) Which of the following is considered an estimator?

A)
B) µ
C) σ
D) σ2
Answer: A
Explanation: A sample mean or expected value is an estimator.
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Bloom's: Remember
14
38) Which of the following is considered an estimate?
A) μ = 12
B) = 20
C) σ = 3.2
D) σ2 = 10
Answer: B
Explanation: An estimate is the value of a statistic.
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Bloom's: Remember
39) What is the relationship between the expected value of the sample mean and the expected
value of the population?
A) E( ) = E(X) = μ
B) E( ) = E(X) =
C) E( ) = E(X) =
D) E( ) = E(X) =
Answer: A
Explanation: The expected value of is the same as the expected value of individual
observation, that is, E( ) = E(X) = μ.
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Bloom's: Remember
15
40) How does the variance of the sample mean compare to the variance of the population?
A) It is smaller and therefore suggests that averages have less variation than individual
observations.
B) It is larger and therefore suggests that averages have less variation than individual
observations.
C) It is smaller and therefore suggests that averages have more variation than individual
observations.
D) It is larger and therefore suggests that averages have more variation than individual
observations.
Answer: A
Explanation: Averages have less variation than individual observations. Because each sample is
likely to contain both high and low observations, the highs and lows cancel one another, making
the variation between sample means smaller than the variation between individual observations.
Bloom's: Understand
41) What is the relationship between the standard deviation of the sample mean and the
population standard deviation?
A) se( ) =
B) se( ) =
C) se( ) =
D) se( ) =
Answer: B
Explanation: The standard deviation of is calculated as the positive square root of the
variance. We call it the standard error of the sample mean, and it is computed as se( ) = ;
Var( ) = .
Bloom's: Understand
16
42) A nursery sells trees of different types and heights. These trees average 60 inches in height
with a standard deviation of 16 inches. Suppose that 75 pine trees are sold for planting at City
Hall. What is the standard deviation for the sample mean?
A) 1.85
B) 3.41
C) 4
D) 16
Answer: A
Explanation: We call standard deviation the standard error of the sample mean, and it is
computed as se( ) = = 16/SQRT(75) = 1.85
Bloom's: Understand
43) If a population is known to be normally distributed, what can be said of the sampling
distribution of the sample mean drawn from this population?
A) For any sample size n, the sampling distribution of the sample mean is normally distributed.
B) For a sample size n < 50, the sampling distribution of the sample mean is normally
distributed.
C) For a sample size n < 30, the sampling distribution of the sample mean is normally
distributed.
D) For a sample size n > 30, the sampling distribution of the sample mean is normally
distributed.
Answer: A
Explanation: For any sample size n, the sampling distribution of is normal if the population X
from which the sample is drawn is normally distributed.
Bloom's: Understand
17
44) Over the entire six years that students attend an Ohio elementary school, they are absent, on
average, 28 days due to influenza. Assume that the standard deviation over this time period is σ
= 9 days. Upon graduation from elementary school, a random sample of 36 students is taken and
asked how many days of school they missed due to influenza. What is the expected value for the
sampling distribution of the number of school days missed due to influenza?
A) 6
B) 9
C) 28
D) 168
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Bloom's: Remember
asked how many days of school they missed due to influenza. What is the standard deviation for
the sampling distribution of the number of school days missed due to influenza?
A) 1.22
B) 1.50
C) 2.25
D) 9.00
Answer: B
Explanation: The standard deviation of the sample mean is referred as the standard error of the
sample mean, and it is computed as ( ) = = 9/SQRT(36) = 1.50.
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Bloom's: Remember
18
asked how many days of school they missed due to influenza.
The probability that the sample mean is less than 30 school days is ________.
A) 0.0918
B) 0.4129
C) 0.5871
D) 0.9088
Answer: D
Explanation: If is normal, we can transform it into a standard normal random variable as
Z= , and any value of on has a corresponding value z on Z given by Z = .
Compute P( < 30). Use z table.
The appropriate Excel function is =NORM.DIST(30,28,9/SQRT(36),TRUE) = 0.9088

Difficulty: 3 Hard
Bloom's: Apply
AACSB: Knowledge Application
19
average, 28 days due to influenza. Assume that the standard deviation over this time period is σ =
9 days. Upon graduation from elementary school, a random sample of 36 students is taken and
asked how many days of school they missed due to influenza.
The probability that the sample mean is between 25 and 30 school days is ________.
A) 0.0228
B) 0.0918
C) 0.8860
D) 0.9082
Answer: C
Compute P(25 ≤ ≤ 30).

Note that P(z1 ≤ Z ≤ z2) = P(Z ≤ z2) – P(Z ≤ z1). Use z table.
The appropriate Excel function is

=NORM.DIST(30,28,9/SQRT(36),TRUE)−NORM.DIST(25,28,9/SQRT(36),TRUE)
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Bloom's: Apply
20
48) Suppose that, on average, electricians earn approximately µ = $54,000 per year in the United
States. Assume that the distribution for electricians' yearly earnings is normally distributed and
that the standard deviation is σ = $12,000.
Given a sample of four electricians, what is the standard deviation for the sampling distribution
of the sample mean?
A) 6,000
B) 12,000
C) 36,000
D) 54,000
Answer: A
Explanation: The standard deviation of the sample mean is referred as the standard error of the
sample mean, and it is computed as ( ) = . If the population is not normally distributed, then
the sample size must be n ≥ 30 for the sampling distribution of the sample mean to be normally
distributed.
= 1200/SQRT(4) = 6,000
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Bloom's: Remember
21
What is the probability that the average salary of four randomly selected electricians exceeds
$60,000?
A) 0.1587
B) 0.3085
C) 0.6915
D) 0.8413
Answer: A
Compute P( > 60,000).

Note that P(Z > z) = 1 – P(Z ≤ z). Use z table.
The appropriate Excel function is =1-NORM.DIST(60000,54000,12000/SQRT(4),TRUE) =

0.1587
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Bloom's: Apply
22
What is the probability that the average salary of four randomly selected electricians is less than
$50,000?
A) 0.2525
B) 0.3707
C) 0.6293
D) 0.7486
Answer: A
Compute P( < 50,000). Use z table.
The appropriate Excel function is =NORM.DIST(50000,54000,12000/SQRT(4),TRUE) =

0.2525
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Bloom's: Apply
23
that the standard deviation is σ = $12,000 dollars.
What is the probability that the average salary of four randomly selected electricians is more than
$50,000 but less than $60,000?
A) 0.5889
B) 0.7486
C) 0.8413
D) 0.9048
Answer: A
Compute P(50,000 < < 60,000).

The appropriate Excel function is =NORM.DIST(60000,54000,12000/SQRT(4),TRUE)-

NORM.DIST(50000,54000,12000/SQRT(4),TRUE) = 0.5889
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Bloom's: Apply
24
52) Susan has been on a bowling team for 14 years. After examining all of her scores over that
period of time, she finds that they follow a normal distribution. Her average score is 225, with a
standard deviation of 13.
What is the probability that in a one-game playoff, her score is more than 227?
A) 0.2676
B) 0.4389
C) 0.5596
D) 0.7324
Answer: B
Compute P( > 227). Note that P(Z > z) = 1 – P(Z ≤ z). Use z table.
The appropriate Excel function is =1-NORM.DIST(227,225,13,TRUE) = 0.4389

Difficulty: 3 Hard
Bloom's: Apply
25
If during a typical week Susan bowls 16 games, what is the probability that her average score is
more than 230?
A) 0.0620
B) 0.3520
C) 0.6480
D) 0.9382
Answer: A
The appropriate Excel function is =1-NORM.DIST(230,225,13/SQRT(16),TRUE) = 0.0620

Difficulty: 3 Hard
Bloom's: Apply
26
If during a typical week Susan bowls 16 games, what is the probability that her average score for
the week is between 220 and 228?
A) 0.0618
B) 0.2390
C) 0.7600
D) 0.8212
Answer: C
Compute P(220 ≤ ≤ 228).


Difficulty: 3 Hard
Bloom's: Apply
27
If during a typical month Susan bowls 64 games, what is the probability that her average score in
this month is above 227?
A) 0.1092
B) 0.4404
C) 0.5596
D) 0.8907
Answer: A

Difficulty: 3 Hard
Bloom's: Apply
56) Professor Elderman has given the same multiple-choice final exam in his Principles of
Microeconomics class for many years. After examining his records from the past 10 years, he
finds that the scores have a mean of 76 and a standard deviation of 12.
What is the probability that a class of 15 students will have a class average greater than 70 on
Professor Elderman's final exam?
A) 0.0262
B) 0.6915
C) 0.9738
D) Cannot be determined.
Answer: D
Explanation: As a general guideline, the normal distribution approximation is justified
when n < 30.
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Bloom's: Apply
28
What is the probability that a class of 36 students will have an average greater than 70 on
Professor Elderman's final exam?
A) 0.0014
B) 0.3085
C) 0.6915
D) 0.9986
Answer: D

Difficulty: 3 Hard
Bloom's: Apply
29
Professor Elderman offers his class of 36 a pizza party if the class average is above 80. What is
the probability that he will have to deliver on his promise?
A) 0.0228
B) 0.3707
C) 0.6293
D) 0.9772
Answer: A

Difficulty: 3 Hard
Bloom's: Apply
30
What is the probability Professor Elderman's class of 36 has a class average below 78?
A) 0.1587
B) 0.5675
C) 0.8413
D) Cannot be determined.
Answer: C

Difficulty: 3 Hard
Bloom's: Apply
60) According to the central limit theorem, the distribution of the sample means is normal if
________.
A) the underlying population is normal
B) the sample size n ≥ 30
C) the standard deviation of the population is known
D) both the underlying population is normal and the sample size n ≥ 30 are correct
Answer: B
Explanation: For any sample size n, the sampling distribution of is normal if the population X
from which the sample is drawn is normally distributed. There is no need for the central limit
theorem in these instances. When the underlying distribution is unknown and n ≥ 30, the central
limit theorem allows us to assume normality.
Bloom's: Understand
31
61) The central limit theorem states that, for any distribution, as n gets larger, the sampling
distribution of the sample mean ________.
A) becomes larger
B) becomes smaller
C) is closer to a normal distribution
D) is closer to the standard deviation
Answer: C
Explanation: For any population X with expected value µ and standard deviation σ, the sampling
distribution of will be approximately normal if the sample size n is sufficiently large. The
larger it is, the closer sampling distribution is to normal distribution.
Bloom's: Understand
62) A random sample of size 36 is taken from a population with mean µ = 17 and standard
deviation σ = 6.
What are the expected value and the standard deviation for the sampling distribution of the
sample mean?
A) 0.425 and 1.00
B) 0.425 and 2.83
C) 17 and 1.00
D) 17 and 2.83
Answer: C
The standard deviation of the sample mean is referred to as the standard error of the sample
mean, and it is computed as ( ) = .
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Bloom's: Remember
32
deviation σ = 6.
The probability that the sample mean is greater than 18 is ________.

A) 0.1587
B) 0.4325
C) 0.5675
D) 0.8413
Answer: A

Bloom's: Understand
33
deviation σ = 6.
The probability that the sample mean is less than 15 is ________.

A) 0.0228
B) 0.3707
C) 0.6293
D) 0.9772
Answer: A

Bloom's: Understand
34
deviation σ = 6.
The probability that the sample mean is between 15 and 18 is ________.

A) 0.0228
B) 0.8186
C) 0.8413
D) 0.8641
Answer: B
Compute P(15 ≤ ≤ 18).


Bloom's: Understand
66) Using the central limit theorem, applied to the sampling distribution of the sample
proportion, what conditions must be met?
A) np ≥ 5 and n(1 – p) ≤ 5
B) np ≤ 5 and n(1 – p) ≥ 5
C) np ≥ 5 and n(1 – p) ≥ 5
D) np ≤ 5 and n(1 – p) ≤ 5
Answer: C
Explanation: As a general guideline, the normal distribution approximation is justified
when np ≥ 5 and n(1 – p) ≥ 5.
Bloom's: Understand
35
67) A random sample of size 100 is taken from a population described by the proportion p =
0.60.
What are the expected value and the standard error for the sampling distribution of the sample
proportion?
A) 0.006 and 0.0024
B) 0.060 and 0.049
C) 0.600 and 0.0024
D) 0.600 and 0.049
Answer: D
Explanation: The expected value of is computed as E( ) = p. The standard error of is
computed as se( ) = .
E( ) = 0.60; SE( ) =SQRT(0.6*(1-0.6)/100) = 0.049

Bloom's: Understand
36
0.60.
The probability that the sample proportion is greater than 0.62 is ________.
A) 0.3415
B) 0.4082
C) 0.6591
D) ≈1
Answer: A
Z= , and any value of on has a corresponding value z on Z given by
Z= . Compute P( > 0.62).
The appropriate Excel function is =1-NORM.DIST(0.62,0.6,SQRT(0.6*0.4/100),TRUE) =

0.3415
Bloom's: Understand
37
0.60.
The probability that the sample proportion is less than 0.55 is ________.
A) ≈0
B) 0.1537
C) 0.3669
D) 0.8461
Answer: B
Z= . Compute P( < 0.55). Use z table.
The appropriate Excel function is =NORM.DIST(0.55,0.6,SQRT(0.6*0.4/100),TRUE) = 0.1537

Bloom's: Understand
38
0.60.
The probability that the sample proportion is between 0.55 and 0.62 is ________.
A) 0.1539
B) 0.5047
C) 0.6591
D) 0.8130
Answer: B
Z= . Compute P(0.55 ≤ ≤ 0.62).
The appropriate Excel function is =NORM.DIST(0.62,0.6,SQRT(0.6*0.4/100),TRUE)-

NORM.DIST(0.55,0.6,SQRT(0.6*0.4/100),TRUE) = 0.5047
Bloom's: Understand
39
71) A university administrator expects that 25% of students in a core course will receive an A.
He looks at the grades assigned to 60 students.
What are the expected value and the standard error for the proportion of students that receive an
A?
A) 0.25 and 0.0031
B) 0.25 and 0.0559
C) 15.0 and 0.0031
D) 15.0 and 0.0559
Answer: B
E( ) = 0.25; SE( ) =SQRT(0.25*(1-0.25)/60) = 0.0559

Difficulty: 1 Easy
Bloom's: Remember
40
The probability that the proportion of students that receive an A is 0.20 or less is ________.
A) 0.1855
B) 0.6266
C) 0.8133
D) 0.8900
Answer: A
Z= . Compute P( ≤ 0.20). Use z table.
The appropriate Excel function is =NORM.DIST(0.2,0.25,SQRT(0.25*(1-0.25)/60),TRUE) =

0.1855
Bloom's: Understand
41
The probability that the proportion of students who receive an A is between 0.20 and 0.35 is
A) 0.1867.
B) 0.7776.
C) 0.8133.
D) 0.9633.
Answer: B
Z= . Compute P(0.20 ≤ ≤ 0.35).
The appropriate Excel function is =NORM.DIST(0.35,0.25,SQRT(0.25*(1-0.25)/60),TRUE)-

NORM.DIST(0.2,0.25,SQRT(0.25*(1-0.25)/60),TRUE) = 0.7776
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Bloom's: Apply
42
The probability that the proportion of students who receive an A is not between 0.20 and 0.30 is
________.
A) 0.1867
B) 0.3711
C) 0.6266
D) 0.8133
Answer: B
Z= . Compute P( < 0.20) + P( > 0.30).
The appropriate Excel function is =1-(NORM.DIST(0.3,0.25,SQRT(0.25*(1-0.25)/60),TRUE)-

NORM.DIST(0.2,0.25,SQRT(0.25*(1-0.25)/60),TRUE)) = 0.3711
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Bloom's: Apply
43
75) The labor force participation rate is the number of people in the labor force divided by the
number of people in the country who are of working age and not institutionalized. The BLS
reported in February 2012 that the labor force participation rate in the United States was 63.7%
(Calculatedrisk.com). A marketing company asks 120 working-age people if they either have a
job or are looking for a job, or, in other words, whether they are in the labor force.
What are the expected value and the standard error for a labor participation rate in the company's
sample?
A) 0.637 and 0.0019
B) 0.637 and 0.0439
C) 76.44 and 0.0019
D) 76.44 and 0.0439
Answer: B
E( ) = 0.637; SE( ) =SQRT(0.637*(1-0.637)/120) = 0.0439

Difficulty: 1 Easy
Bloom's: Remember
44
76) The labor force participation rate is the number of people in the labor force divided by the
number of people in the country who are of working age and not institutionalized. The BLS
reported in February 2012 that the labor force participation rate in the United States was 63.7%
(Calculatedrisk.com). A marketing company asks 120 working-age people if they either have a
job or are looking for a job, or, in other words, whether they are in the labor force.
For the company's sample, the probability that the proportion of people who are in the labor
force is greater than 0.65 is ________.
A) 0.1179
B) 0.3000
C) 0.3836
D) 0.6179
Answer: C
Z= . Compute P( > 0.65).
The appropriate Excel function is =1-NORM.DIST(0.65,0.637,SQRT(0.637*(1-

0.637)/120),TRUE) = 0.3836
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Bloom's: Apply
45
Another random document with
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Virtue, I thought thee a substance, Oh, vi. 176.
Virtue is not their habit, etc., iii. 21.
Virtue may chuse the high or low degree, etc., v. 76; vi. 440.
visions, as poetic eyes avow, And, etc., i. 112; v. 9; vi. 82; vii. 121.
vision splendid, And by the, etc., iv. 345; xii. 236, 242.
visions, swift, sweet, and quaint, And there lay, x. 266.
vital signs that it will live, iv. 364; vi. 421.
Vive la Charte! xii. 456.
Vix ea nostra voco, xii. 73.
Voice-music, v. 323.
voice of nature cries, Still from the tomb the, etc., vi. 327.
void made in the Drama, to see a, viii. 476.
volcano burnt out, a, ix. 60.
volumes that enrich the shops, the, etc., xii. 177.
volume paramount, No single, ix. 152 n.
Vous aimez la botanique, vi. 319.
vows made in haste, etc., xii. 201.
vows made in pain, etc., xii. 126.
vox et præterea nihil, xii. 313.
vox faucibus hæsit, vii. 202; ix. 375.
W.
waft a thought from Indus to the Pole, That, iv. 189.
walked gowned, v. 335; vii. 42.
walking under, And still, etc., ix. 10, 63.
wandering mazes I found no end, in their, etc., vii. 223.
wandering through dry places, etc., xi. 213.
wandering voice, v. 103.
want of decency is want of sense, viii. 242.
want of store and store of want, v. 323.
wanton poets, v. 250.
War is a game which were their subjects wise, etc., xi. 249.
war was a thing that was quite going out of fashion, i. 50.
Wars he well remembered of King Nine, v. 38; vi. 323.
wars he well remembers, The, iii. 116.
wars of old Assaracus, the, etc., vii. 254.
warbled his love-lorn ditties all night long, viii. 240.
warm hearts of flesh, etc., i. 13, 135.
See real.
warn and scare be wanting, to, etc., vi. 156.
Was this the face that launch’d a thousand ships, etc., v. 205.
wasteful and superfluous excess, xii. 60.
waste her sweetness on a blackguard air, xi. 374.
water blushed into wine, The, viii. 53.
water parted from the sea, viii. 321, 451.
watery Aquarius, of, iv. 305 n.
way lies right: hark, the clock strikes at Enfield, The, etc., v. 294.
we behold the fulness of the spirit of wit and humour bodily, i. 278.
we convent nought else but woes, v. 258.
We had good talk, sir, vii. 33.
We have been soldiers and we cannot weep, etc., v. 257.
We have offended, oh! my countrymen! etc., iii. 242.
We’ll tak a cup of kindness yet, etc., v. 131.
We may kill those of whom we are jealous, etc., ii. 391.
we might spill our blood, that, etc., iii. 62.
We miss our servants, Ithocles and Orgilus, etc., v. 270.
We perceive a continual succession of ideas, etc., xi. 109.
We poets in our youth begin in gladness, etc., v. 116.
We will dance: music; we will dance, etc., v. 272.
We would be private, only Faunus stay, etc., v. 226.
weary, stale and unprofitable, vi. 52.
web of our lives, The, etc., xii. 229.
weeds and worn-out faces, the list of, etc., viii. 393.
Weep’st thou already? List awhile to me, v. 211.
well assured, I am, etc., v. 328.
Well done, thou good and faithful servant, etc., xi. 321.
Well done, water, ix. 25.
Well, enjoy one another; I give her thee frankly, Apelles, etc., v.
202.
Well, let us to Endymion, etc., v. 199.
well of native English undefiled, vi. 245.
welling out of the heart, v. 28.
went up into the mountain to pray, And, etc., xii. 261.
Whan that Arcite to Thebes comen was, etc., v. 29.
What a thing! Bless the king, viii. 469.
What are thy arts (good patriot, teach them me), etc., v. 264.
What avails from iron chains, etc., xii. 124.
What can be more extraordinary, than that a person of mean birth,
etc., vi. 110; viii. 61.
What can ennoble sots, or knaves, or cowards, etc., vii. 363; xi.
436.
What can we reason, but from what we know? iv. 113; vii. 51, 249.
What death is’t you desire for Almachildes? etc., v. 220.
what delicate wooden spoons shall I carve? etc., viii. 109; x. 29.
What do I see? Blush, grey-eyed morn and spread Thy purple
shroud upon the mountain tops, etc., v. 291.
What, do none rise? No, no, for kings indeed are Deities, etc., v.
208.
What found most employment, etc., i. 157 n.
What from this barren being do we reap, xi. 425.
What I have written, I have written, iv. 340; vi. 57.
What idle progeny succeed, etc., vii. 74.
What is great Mephostophilis, so passionate, etc., v. 205.
What is the human understanding? etc., xi. 133.
What is this world? etc., ii. 300.
What lacks it then, ix. 25.
What! man, ne’er pull your hat upon your brows, vi. 39.
What, Monsieur D’Olive, the only admirer, etc., v. 231.
What more felicity can fall to creature, vii. 181; xii. 2, 200.
What Muse for Granville will refuse to sing, vi. 367.
What said my man, when my betossed soul, viii. 210.
What’s serious he turns to farce, xi. 479.
What shall it profit a man, etc., xii. 300.
What song the Syrens sang, etc., v. 335.
What speed could be the herald of this news, etc., xi. 284.
What, then, went ye forth for to see, iv. 202; ix. 556.
What things have we not seen done at the Mermaid, vi. 192.
What though the radiance, which was once so bright, i. 119; vi. 23;
ix. 195; xii. 236.
What trash are their works, taken altogether, viii. 416.
What was my pride is now my shame, etc., viii. 192, 320.
what was new and what was true, it contained a great deal both of,
vi. 146.
Whate’er Lorraine light touch’d with soft’ning hue, etc., vi. 13; ix.
425.
Whatever attracts public attention to the Arts, etc., i. 148.
whatever is, is right, vi. 314.
wheels, put a spoke in the, xii. 291.
When a Tartarean darkness overspreads, etc., iii. 281.
When Adam delved and Eve span, etc., v. 164.
When chapman billies leave the street, etc., v. 132.
When Greek meets Greek, etc., vii. 34.
when he next does ride abroad, And, etc., xi. 305.
when he was young, studying his art, etc., vi. 130 n.
When I read the researches of those learned antiquaries, etc., v.
124.
When I was in my father’s house, etc., vii. 222.
When one is considering a picture or a drawing, etc., vi. 19.
When sharp is the frost, etc., ii. 195.
when she spake, Sweet words like dropping honey, And, etc., viii.
364; ix. 207.
When the date of Nock was out, etc., xi. 374.
When the sky falls, iii. 297.
When we become men, we put away, etc., vii. 256.
When wind and rain beat dark November down, viii. 471.
Whence alone my hope cometh, ii. 326.
Where did you rest last night, viii. 263, 310.
Where is the madman, etc., iii. 240, 285.
Where Murray, long enough his country’s pride, etc., v. 77.
Where one for sense and one for rhyme, iv. 278.
Where pure Niemi’s fairy banks arise, etc., v. 342.
Where pure Niemi’s fairy mountains rise, etc., v. 89.
Where slaves no more their native land behold, iii. 20.
Where the treasure is, etc., viii. 132; xi. 509.
Whereas, in the succession of thoughts, etc., xi. 287.
Whether it is the human figure, etc., vi. 136.
Which after in enjoyment quenching, iv. 145.
Which as me thought was right a pleasing sight, etc., v. 27.
Which Copland scarce had spoke, but quickly every hill, etc., xi.
284.
Which I was born to introduce, Refined it first, and shew’d its use,
v. 279.
Which when Honoria view’d, etc., xii. 323.
While by the power Of harmony, etc., vii. 290.
While groves of Eden vanish’d now so long, etc., ix. 349.
While I beheld things with astonishment, etc., i. 54.
While with an eye made quiet, xii. 238.
while yet the year is unconfirmed, v. 96; xii. 270.
whiles some one did chaunt this lovely lay, the, etc., v. 36.
whist players, that set of, vii. 131.
whiteness of her hand, the, viii. 97.
Who did essay to laugh, etc., viii. 27.
Who enters here forgets himself, etc., vi. 89.
Who enters there must leave all hope behind, etc., vii. 194.
Who far from steeples and their sacred sound, iii. 276.
Who had been beguiled, etc., ii. 347.
who have eyes, but they see not, etc., v. 79.
who have none to help them, iv. 2.
who is our neighbour? iv. 204; v. 184.
Who prized black eyes, and a lucky hit At bowls, above all the
trophies of wit, v. 189; vii. 207 n.
who rode upon a rouncie, etc., v. 24.
who still slept while he baus’d leaves, etc., v. 225.
who were by nature slaves, xi. 302.
who would not grieve if such a man there be, iv. 252.
whoever comes to shroud me, do not harm, etc., viii. 52.
whole history exactly followed, and many of the principal speeches,
etc., i. 218.
whole loosened soul, ix. 151.
whole need not a physician, The, i. 58; xii. 174.
wholly in his subject, v. 340 n.
whom the king had deigned to salute, viii. 443.
whom the world was not worthy, of, vii. 136.
whose boast it was to give out reformation to the world, ix. 246.
whose coming seems a light, etc., iv. 358.
whose genius had angelic wings, and fed on manna, xi. 514.
Whose is the superscription? vii. 29.
Whose jewels in his crisped hair, etc., viii. 71.
Whose noise whets valour sharp, like beer, etc., viii. 63.
whose parish was wide, etc., v. 24.
whose studie was but litel of the Bible, v. 24.
Whosoever shall stumble against this stone, etc., iii. 260.
Why, dance ye, mortals, etc., xii. 57.
Why did I write? What sin to me unknown, etc., v. 78.
Why dost thou shiver and shake? Gaffar Gray, etc., ii. 138.
Why do you let that fair girl? etc., x. 273.
Why, good father, why are you so late, etc., v. 292.
Why, Hodge, was there none at home thy dinner for to set? v. 287.
Why how now, saucy jade, viii. 255.
Why is’t not strange to see a rugged clerke, etc., v. 190.
Why make that little fellow a captain, i. 97.
Why proffer’st thou light me for to sell? etc., i. 227; vii. 255.
Why rack a grub—a butterfly upon a wheel? iv. 305 n.
Why rail they then if but one wreath of mine, etc., v. 77; xii. 31.
Why shulde I not as well eke tell you all the purtreiture, etc., v. 30.
Why troublest thou us before our time? x. 376.
wicked cease from troubling, In which the, iv. 104.
widow in his line of life, he has a, viii. 98.
widow’s curse that hangs upon it, Some, viii. 290.
wielded at will the fierce democracy, etc., vii. 264.
Wild strains, iv. 305.
wild wit, invention ever new, vi. 308; viii. 74.
wilderness, of one crying in the, etc., xii. 261.
wilful man must have his way, A, iv. 264.
will be of sure sale, etc., i. 142.
will, could not be disarmed, as if his, etc., vi. 40.
will never from my heart, ii. 297.
will of a virtuoso, The, etc., vi. 119 n.
wind and water, he hit the stage between, iv. 227; vii. 271; xi. 409.
wind into a subject like a serpent, as Burke does, Does he, vii. 275;
viii. 103.
windy fan of painted plumes, xi. 479.
wine of attic taste, with, xii. 146.
wine of life is drank up, xii. 152.
winged words, xii. 293.
winged wound, ii. 311.
winglet of the fairy humming-bird, Or, etc., iv. 353.
wink and shut their apprehensions up, iv. 251; vi. 76; xi. 480; xii.
315.
wisdom in a multitude of counsellors, iii. 2.
wisdom is justified of her children, vii. 163.
wisdom of parliament, the tried, iii. 164.
wise above what is written, x. 325; xii. 343.
wise passiveness, in a, i. 46 n.; xii. 47.
wiser in his generation, etc., iii. 42.
wisest amongst us is a fool in some things, the, etc., vii. 238 n.
wisest and most accomplished man is like the statues of the gods,
the, etc., ii. 408.
wisest, meanest of mankind, The, vii. 99; xi. 538.
wisest thing a man can do with an aching heart, the, viii. 82.
wish is father, The, etc., xii. 39.
Wishing to be like one more rich in hope, etc., xii. 199.
Wit at the helm, etc., xii. 178.
See Youth.
witch the world with noble horsemanship, x. 28.
witchery of the soft blue sky, the, vi. 92; vii. 373; viii. 411.
with all his heart, and soul, etc., vii. 305.
with cheerful and confident thought, iii. 126.
with conditions, x. 372, 373.
with him a wit is the first title to respect, viii. 77.
with limbs of giant mould, v. 8.
with silver streams, v. 323.
with what a waving air she goes along the corridor, etc., ii. 331; vi.
96.
With what measure they mete, it has been meted to them again, v.
53.
Within his bosom reigns another lord, etc., x. 396; xi. 327.
within these arms thou art safe, etc., viii. 265.
without benefit of clergy, viii. 53.
without form and void, i. 112; v. 341 n.; xi. 81, 128, 176.
without limitations or restrictions, x. 363.
without o’erflowing, full, i. 222; xi. 473.
without suffering loss and diminution, iv. 371.
wit’s a feather and a chief’s a rod, A, etc., xi. 342 n.
Wittenberg, Would I had never seen, etc., vii. 224.
Woe unto you when all men shall speak well of you, iv. 331.
wolds and sholds, xi. 375.
Woman, behold thy son, v. 184.
Woman is like the fair flower in its lustre, i. 65; v. 107; viii. 194.
woman that deliberates is lost, the, iii. 193.
woman who follows her husband to a prison, The, etc., viii. 280.
Women and wine are the sustainers, etc., iii. 226.
Wonder, And near him sat ecstatic, etc., xi. 409.
wonderful works of nature, Oh the, xi. 556.
wondering senates, Though, etc., vii. 168; xii. 388.
Wooden spoons shall I carve, Oh, what delicate, etc., viii. 109; x.
29.
wooden walls of old England, xii. 404.
woods as green, Here be, etc., v. 254; vi. 183.
woods, to the waves, to the winds, To the, etc., xi. 358.
word is a good word, being whereby a man, the, etc., i. 391.
word which the slave utters, It is the, etc., viii. 309.
words of Mercury are harsh, The, etc., vii. 16.
words of truth and soberness, the, etc., iv. 264.
Wordsworth! That dunce, vii. 104.
work, he challenged essoin, From every, etc., vi. 111.
works, ye shall know them, By their, etc., ix. 207.
workers in brass or in stone, etc., x. 124.
world and its dread laugh, the, xii. 304.
world, both pure and good, a, xii. 129.
world enough, Had we but, etc., xii. 48.
world forgetting, by the world forgot, The, vii. 114.
world is too much with us, early and late, The, i. 6.
world rings with the vain stir, the, xii. 312.
world’s encumbrance they did themselves assoil, From all this, i.
82.
world’s volume, i’ the, Our Britain seems as of it, ix. 84.
worldly goods them endow, with its, etc., viii. 393.
worn them as a rich jewel, etc., ix. 106.
worshipped a statue, hunted the wind, etc., vi. 97, 236; xii. 435.
worshippers of cats and onions, xi. 197.
worst inn’s worst room, In the, etc., iv. 350.
worst of every evil is the fear, The, xii. 128.
worst, the second fall of man, the, vi. 152 n.; xi. 382.
Worth makes the man, etc., xii. 251.
worthless as in shew, vi. 248.
worthless importunity in rags, iv. 8.
worthy of all acceptation, vii. 229; viii. 107.
Would he had blotted a thousand, v. 85.
Would to God that I had remained, etc., vi. 93.
wound up for the day, vii. 210.
wounded snake dragged their slow length, like a, etc., x. 298.
wretches hang that Ministers may dine, If, iv. 326.
wretched have no country, The, viii. 307.
wreck of matter and the crush of worlds, The, xi. 512.
write a fable of little fishes, If he were to, etc., viii. 102.
write by stealth, Or, etc., xii. 44.
writes himself armigero, xii. 221.
writer of third-rate books, a, i. 403.
wrought himself to stone, vii. 89.
Y.
Yarrow unvisited, v. 146; vi. 256.
Yea in this now, while malice frets her hour, etc., iii. 113.
yellow tufted banks and gliding sail, With, ix. 36.
yellow forest-leaves, When on the, etc., xii. 436.
Yes—’twas a cause as noble and as great, etc., iii. 318.
Yes, yes; but they got a supersedeas, etc., v. 228.
Yestreen, when to the trembling string, etc., v. 140.
Yet, for he was a scholar once admired, etc., v. 206.
Yet not more sweet, etc., i. 110; v. 40.
Yet on that wall hangs he too, etc., viii. 54.
Yet should the Graces all thy figures place, etc., vii. 93.
Yon cottager, who weaves at her own door, etc., v. 94.
You are an honest man, v. 279.
You left us no choice between the highest point of glory, etc., iii. 11.
You sing your song with so much art, vii. 64.
You will find nothing in the world so amiable as Nature and me, v.
119.
you would make them talk like great whales, i. 421.
You’ll forgive me, etc., v. 237.
young Nobleman with a glove, A, etc., vi. 15.
Your hand I’ll kiss, etc., v. 243.
Your name, Sir? Politick. My name is Politick, viii. 43.
your very nice people, iv. 44 n.
Youth at its prow, etc., iv. 221.
youth has some parts, some ideas, the, ii. 131.
Youth that opens like perpetual spring, v. 253.
youthful poets dream of when they love, ix. 237.
Z.
Zanetto, lascia le donne, et studia la matematica, vi. 326.
R.
R—— (Lord), vi. 374.

R—— (Mr) (? Roscoe or Railton), vi. 387.
R—— (Major), ii. 200.
Rabelais, François, i. 43, 51, 52, 80, 138; iii. 128, 287 n.; iv. 217, 328;
v. 56, 111, 113; vi. 86, 109; vii. 311, 323; viii. 10, 28, 29, 30, 31; ix.
155, 166; x. 99, 112 n.; xi. 383, 519; xii. 22, 37.
Race for Dinner, A (Rodwell’s), xi. 375.
Rachael and Laban (in Genesis), v. 183.
Rachel weeping for her Children (Raphael’s), ix. 71.
Racine, Jean, vii. 336;
also referred to in ii. 179, 401; iii. 119, 258; vi. 49, 223; vii. 83, 185,
311, 323, 410; viii. 29, 31, 122, 287, 334; ix. 27, 29, 106, 115–8,
129, 152, 154, 242; x. 40, 97, 98, 105–7; xi. 371, 443, 452, 454 n.,
460–1; xii. 37, 340.
Radcliffe, William, x. 212 n.
Radcliffe, Mrs, v. 102, 146; viii. 123, 125–7; x. 24, 41, 212 n., 296; xi.
422; xii. 64.
—— Library, The, ix. 46, 70.
Radicofani, Fort, ix. 227, 229.
Radnor, Lord, vi. 13; ix. 54, 57, 422; xi. 203.
Rae, Alexander, viii. 180, 183, 228, 264, 278, 280, 286, 292, 300,
316, 355, 404, 413, 449, 450, 465; xi. 302, 393, 398, 403.
Railton, Mr (of Liverpool), vi. 514.
Rainbow, A (Rubens’s), vii. 291.
—— Tavern, vi. 193.
Raising of Lazarus (Haydon’s), xi. 485.
Rake’s Progress (Hogarth’s), i. 31; vi. 454; viii. 138, 143, 144, 147; ix.
81, 391; xii. 145, 366.
Raleigh, Sir Walter, i. 56; v. 175, 211, 298; vi. 367.
Ralph (Bickerstaffe’s Maid of The Mill), ii. 83.
—— (Reynolds’ Servant), vi. 443.
—— Mr (a doctor), ii. 232.
Ralpho (in Butler’s Hudibras), viii. 65.
Ramadan, The Feast of, xii. 334.
Rambaud de Vaquieras, x. 55.
Rambler (Dr Johnson’s), i. 96; vi. 225; vii. 6, 36, 226; viii. 100, 104.
Ramsay, Allan (poet), ii. 78.
—— Allan (portrait painter), vi. 420, 432; ix. 39.
Ramsey, Rev. James, ii. 194.
Randall, Jack (pugilist), vi. 202; vii. 72; xii. 1, 14.
Ranelagh, Lady, portrait (Kneller’s), xii. 364.
Ranger (in Hoadly’s The Suspicious Husband), vi. 275; viii. 163; xii.
24.
Rans, Mr, of Moorhall, ii. 221, 225.
Ranz des Vaches, vi. 35 n.
Rape of the Lock (Pope’s), i. 26; ii. 397; v. 72, 73, 373; viii. 134; ix. 76,
354; xi. 495, 497, 505, 506; xii. 154 n.
—— of Proserpine (Mola’s), ix. 25.
Rape (Rubens’s), ix. 72.
—— of the Sabines (Rubens’s), ix. 14; (John of Bologna’s), ix. 219.
Raphael, i. 9, 70, 76, 78–9, 86, 92, 131, 139, 142, 145, 148–9, 151, 156,
161, 163, 333, 442; ii. 276, 288, 361, 365, 376, 386, 387, 390, 406;
iii. 169; iv. 217, 244, 334; v. 11, 45, 144, 164, 178, 297; vi. 12, 14, 41,
45, 74, 132, 138–9, 158, 163, 171, 173, 212, 220, 259, 295, 297, 321,
339, 340, 346–8, 353, 392, 399, 400, 413, 414, 430, 433, 441, 449,
453, 459; vii. 57, 59, 61, 63, 94, 98, 100, 101, 107, 120, 124, 126,
148, 157, 158, 164, 167, 178, 199, 203, 216, 245, 284, 285–7, 291,
293 n., 329, 360; viii. 99, 147, 148–9, 273; ix. 7, 10–12, 18, 21, 25,
29, 30–1, 41, 43–8, 52, 59, 67–8, 71, 73–4, 107, 110 n., 112–3, 130,
163–4, 193, 205–6, 223–4, 226, 232, 237–40, 261, 272–3, 311,
313, 317, 338, 343, 349, 359–64, 367, 369, 379, 380–5, 394, 403–
5, 408–10, 412, 417, 427, 429, 433, 473–5, 480, 482, 489, 491; x.
17, 77, 179, 181, 190, 192, 197, 201, 204, 206, 278, 281, 300; xi. 190,
197, 210–2, 214–5, 217, 226–8, 232, 234 n.; 240 n., 242, 255, 258,
373, 456, 461, 464, 482, 519, 548 n., 590; xii. 36, 155 n., 168, 189,
190, 197, 208, 209, 223, 274 n., 277, 330, 337, 389, 426, 433.
Rapid, Young (in Morton’s A Cure for the Heart-Ache), vi. 275.
Rashleigh, Osbaldistone (Scott’s Rob Roy), iv. 248.
Rasselas (Johnson’s), v. 110, 114; viii. 102; xi. 573.
Rastadt (a town), ix. 298.
Ratcliffe Highway, vii. 69; ix. 480.
Rationalist and a Sentimentalist, A Dialogue between a, vii. 179.
Ravenna, ix. 207; x. 63, 409, 411; xi. 486.
Ravens, or the Force of Conscience (? Pocock’s), viii. 537.
Ravens, or the Pangs of Conscience, The (from the French), xi. 304.
Ray, Miss Martha, ii. 391.
Raymond, Monsieur, ii. 46.
—— Mr (actor), viii. 189, 264.
—— Mounchersey (in Merry Devil of Edmonton), v. 293.
Razor (in Vanbrugh’s Provoked Wife), viii. 79.
Razzi, Giovanni Antonio dei, ix. 167.
Read, Isaac, ii. 184.
Reading (town), xii. 4, 13, 14.
—— New Books, On, xii. 161.
—— Old Books, On, vii. 220.
Reapers (W. Collins’s), xi. 246.
Reason and Imagination, On, vii. 44.
Rebecca (in Scott’s Ivanhoe), iv. 243, 250; vi. 399; viii. 424, 426; xi.
381.
Rebellion, History of the (Clarendon’s), iv. 212; vii. 229.
—— of 1715, The, iii. 171.
—— of 1745, The, iii. 171.
Recess, The (Mrs Radcliffe’s), viii. 127.
Recherche de la Vérité (Malebranche’s), xi. 287.
Recluse (Wordsworth’s), x. 162; xi. 512.
Reconciliation, The (in Liber Amoris), ii. 297.
Recorder, The (in Return from Parnassus), v. 284.
Recruit, The (Farquhar’s Recruiting Officer), xi. 556.
Recruiting Officer, The (Farquhar’s) viii. 285; also referred to in iii.
156; vi. 434; vii. 227; viii. 89; xi. 556.
Red Cross Knight, The (Spenser), xi. 503.
Red Reever of Westburn Flat (Scott’s Black Dwarf), viii. 129.
Redgauntlet (Scott’s), vii. 314 n., 319.
Redi, Francesco, ix. 218; x. 303.
Reeve, John, ii. 142; viii. 412; xi. 366, 368, 369.
Reflections (Burke’s). See French Revolution, Reflections on.
—— on Exile (Bolingbroke’s), vi. 100.
Reflector, The (a paper), i. 31 n., 271 n.; ix. 391 n.
Reform, The New School of, Essay XVII., vii. 179.
Reformation, The, i. 88, 430; iii. 293; iv. 83 n.; v. 173, 181, 185, 192;
vi. 155; vii. 314; viii. 54; ix. 420; x. 125, 126, 334.
Reformation in England (Milton’s), iii. 283 n.
Refusal, or, The Ladies’ Philosophy (Cibber’s), viii. 513.
Regal Character, on the, iii. 305; vi. 284.
Regalia in the Tower, vi. 16.
Regan (Shakespeare’s King Lear), i. 188, 392; viii. 447.
Regent, Prince, i. 141; iii. 48, 107, 112, 121, 123, 124–5, 190 n., 228,
229, 298, 305, 314; iv. 358 n.; vi. 388; viii. 301; ix. 233, 312, 321,
464; xi. 423.
Regent Street, xii. 120.
Regent’s Canal, i. 141.
—— Park, xi. 386, 572.
Reggio (a town), x. 69.
Regicide Peace (Burke’s), iii. 13 n., 61, 94, 335; iv. 284.
Regnault de St Jean Angely, xi. 333.
Regulus, iv. 205; xi. 319; xii. 99, 103.
—— (Salvator’s), x. 297.
Rehearsal, The (Villiers), iii. 399; viii. 69; ix. 319.
Rehoboam, iii. 146.
Reid, Thomas, vi. 64.
Reigate, ix. 90.
Reis, Ada, xii. 329 n.
Rejected Addresses (Horace and James Smith), v. 164; vi. 400; viii.
24; xi. 341.
Relapse, The (Vanbrugh’s), viii. 79, 82, 83.
Religio Medici, The (Browne’s), v. 334.
Religion in the Desert (Sir F. Bourgeois), ix. 20.
Religious Communion (Champagne’s), ix. 110.
—— Hypocrisy, On, i. 128.
—— Musings (Coleridge’s), iv. 202, 217; v. 164.
Reliques (Percy’s), vii. 252.
Remains (Chatterton), v. 376.
—— (Erasmus), xii. 214.
Rembrandt (Hermanszoon van Rhyn), i. 76, 78, 85, 121, 141–3, 146,
147, 149, 151; ii. 180, 406; iii. 169; iv. 277; v. 9, 164; vi. 7, 9, 12, 21,
43, 45, 123, 134, 173, 317–8, 321, 339, 344; vii. 57, 107–8, 118–20,
291, 360; viii. 149, 474; ix. 13–14, 20–22, 36, 38, 49, 50, 51, 59, 62,
64, 66, 67, 73, 107, 110, 164, 197, 226, 300–1, 311, 314, 316–7, 338,
344, 347, 365, 372, 387, 388–9, 409, 427, 435, 472, 474–5; x. 179,
181, 192, 197, 204, 207; xi. 212–3, 219, 244, 256, 455, 458, 464; xii.
36, 157, 208, 209, 238, 439.
Reminiscences (Kelly’s), vi. 352.
Remorande, Mrs, ii. 215.
Remorse (Coleridge’s), iii. 450; iv. 219; v. 147; vi. 314; viii. 247, 336,
368, 416, 421; xii. 275.
Renaldo (Ariosto’s), v. 224.
Reni, Guido. See Guido.
Rennell, Miss, viii. 248, 451.
Rent Day (Wilkie’s), viii. 140; xi. 251 n., 252.
Renton Inn, Berwickshire, ii. 436–7.
Reply to the Essay on Population, by the Rev. T. R. Malthus, iv. 1.
Repose (Titian’s), ix. 239.
—— in Egypt (Raphael’s), ix. 52.
“Republic” (Plato’s), iii. 122.
Respectable People, On, vii. 360; xi. 433.
Restoration, The, v. 354; xii. 456.
Retaliation (Goldsmith’s), iii. 421; v. 120, 376; vi. 401; vii. 197; xii.
207.
Retirement, On (Cowley’s), viii. 58.
Retreat of the Ten Thousand under Xenophon, vi. 107; xii. 431.
Retrospect, The (Dermody’s), ii. 280.
Retrospective Review, The (periodical), xii. 320.
Returne from Parnassus, The (old Cambridge Comedy), v. 274;
also referred to in v. 190, 224, 280, 283.
Return from the Promised Land (Poussin’s), ix. 109.
Retz (Cardinal), vi. 238, 349.
Reve, The (Chaucer’s), v. 24.
Revelation, The Book of, v. 183; vii. 96; ix. 320, 355; xi. 313.
Revely, Mrs Maria, ii. 174.
Revenge, The (Edward Young’s), v. 115; viii. 227; xi. 398.
Revenger’s Tragedy, The (Tourneur’s), v. 246.
Reveries of a Solitary Walker (Rousseau’s), vii. 372 n.; ix. 297.
Review (Defoe’s), x. 359, 361.
Revolution of 1688, iii. 33, 99, 109, 171, 263, 279, 284, 302, 314; iv.
83 n.; v. 106; vi. 154, 181; vii. 322, 373; viii. 155, 160; ix. 170; x.
249, 356, 358, 374.
—— of the Low Countries, The, iii. 302.
—— of Switzerland, The, iii. 302.
—— of the Three Days, xii. 461 n.
—— of the United States, The, vi. 155.
Revolutionist’s Jolly Boat (Gilray’s), vi. 455.
Reynolds, Frederick, ii. 201, 207; vi. 350.
—— (John Hamilton), viii. 480, 548.

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Business Statistics Communicating

with Numbers 3rd Edition Jaggia Test

1) Bias refers to the tendency of a sample statistic to systematically over-or underestimate a

2) We use a population parameter to make inferences about a sample statistic.

5) Social-desirability bias refers to systematic difference between a group's "socially acceptable"

9) Cluster sampling is preferred when the objective is to increase precision.

14) A point estimator refers to an estimator that provides a single value.

20) Stratified random sampling is preferred when the objective is to ________.

Answer: increase precision

21) Cluster sampling is preferred when the objective is to ________.

Answer: reduce costs

Answer: expected value

26) A preferred approach to quality control is the ________ approach.

29) Selection bias occurs when ________.

31) Which of the following is not a form of bias?

33) Which of the following meets the requirements of a cluster sample?

37) Which of the following is considered an estimator?

Z= , and any value of on has a corresponding value z on Z given by Z = .

Compute P( < 30). Use z table.

The appropriate Excel function is =NORM.DIST(30,28,9/SQRT(36),TRUE) = 0.9088

Z= , and any value of on has a corresponding value z on Z given by Z = .

Compute P(25 ≤ ≤ 30).

The appropriate Excel function is

Z= , and any value of on has a corresponding value z on Z given by Z = .

Compute P( > 60,000).

The appropriate Excel function is =1-NORM.DIST(60000,54000,12000/SQRT(4),TRUE) =

Z= , and any value of on has a corresponding value z on Z given by Z = .

Compute P( < 50,000). Use z table.

The appropriate Excel function is =NORM.DIST(50000,54000,12000/SQRT(4),TRUE) =

Z= , and any value of on has a corresponding value z on Z given by Z = .

Compute P(50,000 < < 60,000).

The appropriate Excel function is =NORM.DIST(60000,54000,12000/SQRT(4),TRUE)-

Z= , and any value of on has a corresponding value z on Z given by Z = .

The appropriate Excel function is =1-NORM.DIST(227,225,13,TRUE) = 0.4389

Z= , and any value of on has a corresponding value z on Z given by Z = .

The appropriate Excel function is =1-NORM.DIST(230,225,13/SQRT(16),TRUE) = 0.0620

Z= , and any value of on has a corresponding value z on Z given by Z = .

Compute P(220 ≤ ≤ 228).

The appropriate Excel function is =NORM.DIST(228,225,13/SQRT(16),TRUE)-

Z= , and any value of on has a corresponding value z on Z given by Z = .

The appropriate Excel function is =1-NORM.DIST(227,225,13/SQRT(64),TRUE) = 0.1092

Z= , and any value of on has a corresponding value z on Z given by Z = .

The appropriate Excel function is =1-NORM.DIST(70,76,12/SQRT(36),TRUE) = 0.9986

Z= , and any value of on has a corresponding value z on Z given by Z = .

The appropriate Excel function is =1-NORM.DIST(80,76,12/SQRT(36),TRUE) = 0.0228

Z= , and any value of on has a corresponding value z on Z given by Z = .

Compute P( < 78). Use z table.

The appropriate Excel function is =NORM.DIST(78,76,12/SQRT(36),TRUE) = 0.8413

The probability that the sample mean is greater than 18 is ________.

Z= , and any value of on has a corresponding value z on Z given by Z = .

The appropriate Excel function is =1-NORM.DIST(18,17,6/SQRT(36),TRUE) = 0.1587

The probability that the sample mean is less than 15 is ________.

Z= , and any value of on has a corresponding value z on Z given by Z = .

Compute P( < 15). Use z table.

The appropriate Excel function is =NORM.DIST(15,17,6/SQRT(36),TRUE) = 0.0228

The probability that the sample mean is between 15 and 18 is ________.

Z= , and any value of on has a corresponding value z on Z given by Z = .

Compute P(15 ≤ ≤ 18).

The appropriate Excel function is =NORM.DIST(18,17,6/SQRT(36),TRUE)-

E( ) = 0.60; SE( ) =SQRT(0.6*(1-0.6)/100) = 0.049

Z= , and any value of on has a corresponding value z on Z given by

Z= . Compute P( > 0.62).

Note that P(Z > z) = 1 – P(Z ≤ z). Use z table.