LASER BEAM MACHINING

Jeddah College of Technology

2023
 CONTENT
Introduction

Working principle

Types of laser

Parameter Affecting

Advantages & Disadvantages

Applications

References
 INTRODUCTION
Laser beam machining is a non-conventional machining method in which the operation is
performed by laser light. The laser light has maximum temperature strikes on the workpiece, due
to high temp the workpiece melts. The process uses thermal energy to remove material from a
metallic surface

Since the rays of a laser beam are monochromatic and parallel it can be focused to a very small
diameter and can produce energy as high as 100 MW of energy for a square millimeter of area.

Lasers can be used to cut, drill, weld and mark. LBM is particularly suitable for making accurately
placed holes.
The underline working principle of laser was first put forward
by Albert Einstein in 1917 though the first industrial laser for
experimentation was developed around 1960s

ALBERT EINSTEIN THEODORE HAROLD MAIMAN

 HISTORY

• The underline working principle of laser was first put forward by Albert
Einstein in 1917.
• In 1965, the first production laser cutting machine was used to drill holes in
diamond dies. This machine was made by the Western Electric Engineering
Research Center.
• In 1967, the British pioneered laser-assisted oxygen jet cutting for metals.
• In the early 1970s, this technology was put into production to cut titanium for
aerospace applications. At the same time CO2 lasers were adapted to cut
non-metals, such as textiles, because, at the time, CO2 lasers were not
powerful enough to overcome the thermal conductivity of metals.
 WORKING PRINCIPLE

• Laser Beam Machining works on the principle of conversion

of electrical energy of flash lamp into heat energy to emit the
laser beam by pumping the energy

• Laser Beam is focused on a lens to give high energy to helps

the melting of metal. It works on the principle that when a
high temperature laser beam strikes on the workpiece, the
metal starts melting due to high temperature and high speed.

• The high frequency of monochromatic light will fall on the

surface then heating, melting, and vaporizing of the material.
Laser Beam Machine !
 MAIN PARTS

The various main parts used in the laser beam machining are

Capacitor
Workpiece

Lenses
Flash Tube/Flash Lamp:

Reflecting Mirror

Power Supply
Power Supply
A high voltage is required for Laser to work.

Flash Lamps
Flash lamps are used for providing white and coherent light for a very short duration.

Capacitor
A capacitor is used for storing and releasing the charge.

Reflecting Mirror
A reflecting Mirror is used to reflect the light directly toward the workpiece.

Lenses

Lenses are provided for vision purposes. It shows the image in a bigger size so that it will be easy to operate
on the given workpiece.
Workpiece
• In laser beam machining, a variety of laser types are employed, each suited for specific
applications. The choice of laser depends on several factors, including the material being
machined, the desired precision, and the specific machining process

Gas
Lasers

Types
of
Excimer Laser Solid
State
Lasers
 PARAMETER AFFECTING
The process of laser cutting involved many parameters, which can be generally divided into two main categories—
beam parameters and process parameters

power, continue
types of wave and
Beam wavelength intensity and
spot size beam pulsed
parameters power

focusing of process stand-off Nozzle cutting

Process laser
beams
gas and
pressure distance diameter, speed
parameters
 Advantages Disadvantages

Requires
Non Contact specially trained
operators
Any Material holes Not for mass
material can no tool wear may be taper metal removal
be from entry to processes
machined exit.

Complex heat-
surface can affected Consumes much life of the flash
be zone is very energy lamp is short
produced small
production Expensive
rate is high equipment
 APPLICATIONS
-

Heavy Manufacturing
Seam &
spot -
welding Engraving
Drilling -

Electronics
-
holes as

Light Manufacturing
Cladding Skiving of
small as circuits - Cosmetic

Medical
& drilling
0.005 mm -Surgery
-
Wire -Hair
stripping removal
 CONCLUSION

• In conclusion, laser beam machining has emerged as a highly effective and

efficient technique for precision cutting and drilling of various materials. With
its ability to achieve high levels of accuracy and precision, laser beam
machining has become increasingly popular in various industries such as
aerospace, automotive, and medical.
 REFERENCES

• http://www.google.com
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/laser_cutting
• http://osp.mans.edu.eg/s-hazem/NTM/LBM.html
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_beam_machining
• http://web.iitd.ac.in/~suniljha/LaserBeamMachining.pdf