KARNATAK LAW SOCIETY’S

GOGTE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

UDYAMBAG, BELAGAVI-590008

(An Autonomous Institution under Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi)

(APPROVED BY AICTE, NEW DELHI)

Course Activity Report

Hydraulic Cranes
Submitted in the partial fulfillment for the academic requirement of

3rd Semester B.E.

in

Mechanical Engineering

Submitted by

NAME OF THE CANDIDATE USN

Ramchandra Mashalji 2GI19ME118

Shivaraj Suryavanshi 2GI19ME142

GUIDE

Prof: Prashant Kakkamari

2022 – 2023
DEPT. OF MECHANICAL ENGG, KLSGIT, BELAGAVI 1
 KARNATAK LAW SOCIETY’S

GOGTE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

UDYAMBAG, BELAGAVI-590008

(An Autonomous Institution under Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi)

(APPROVED BY AICTE, NEW DELHI)

Department of Mechanical Engineering

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mr. Ramchandra Mashalji, Shivaraj Suryavanshi of 3rd semester and
bearing USN 2GI19ME118 and 2GI19ME142 satisfactorily completed the course activity
Seminar in Fluid Mechanics course ( Course code: 18ME33B) . It can be considered as a
bonafide work carried out in partial fulfillment for the academic requirement of 3rd Semester
B.E. (Mechanical Engineering) prescribed by KLS Gogte Institute of Technology, Belagavi
during the academic year 2020- 2021

The report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of Assignment
( Course activity)prescribed for the said Degree.

Signature of the Faculty Member Signature of the HOD

Date:

DEPT. OF MECHANICAL ENGG, KLSGIT, BELAGAVI 2

Table of Contents

Contents Page No.

[1] Abstract 4
[2] Introduction 4
[3] Working Principle 5
[4] Construction 5
[5] Working 6
[6] Advantages 6
[7] Disadvantages 7
[8] Application 7
[9] Conclusion 9
[10] References 9

List of Figures/Photographs:

Figure/Photograph Figure Page

No. No.
Figure 4 Parts of a hydraulic crane 5

Photograph 8.1 Used for lowering workshops 7

Photograph 8.2 Used for loading and unloading of ships 8

Photograph 8.3 Used for loading and unloading of railway wagons 8

Photograph 8.4: Used in heavy industry 9

DEPT. OF MECHANICAL ENGG, KLSGIT, BELAGAVI 3

Abstract [1]

Cranes do play the most vital role in the manufacturing industries. The hydraulic crane project
employs the principle that any force applied to an incompressible liquid will propagate through
the liquid, without significant loss of strength, to effect whatever is on the other side. Hydraulic
cranes use a fixed system of pipes, constant pressure can be maintained once a part of the system
has been moved into place, and this makes them extremely stable in use. This report also helps
us to study the use of hydraulic cranes at construction sites where enormous amount of weights,
up-to hundreds of tons need to be lifted. Airplanes and jet planes use hydraulics in many places.
The petro-based industries and shipyards make use of hydraulics. Hydraulic cranes are amongst
the simplest systems that you can use within any industrial process and are easy to maintain.

Introduction [2]
A 'crane' is a type of machine, generally equipped with a hoist, wire ropes or chains and
sheaves that can be used both to lift and lower materials and to move them horizontally. It is
mainly used for lifting heavy things and transporting them to other places. It uses one or more
simple machine to create advantage and thus move loads beyond the normal capability of a
man. Cranes are commonly employed in the transport industry the loading and unloading of
freight, in the construction industry for the movement of materials and in the manufacturing
industry for the assembling of heavy equipment. In material handling, the cranes play a vital
role in modern manufacturing industries. Hydraulic cranes are heavy equipment used
primarily for lifting. The hydraulic crane was invented in Newcastle by William Armstrong in
about 1845 to help load coal into barges at the Quayside. Because of the large size and power
of a hydraulic crane, all operators should undergo vigorous safety training to reduce the risk of
accidents. a crane that suffers operational failures could put operators or those nearby at risk
from fire or falling objects. poorly trained operators may direct the boom into nearby buildings
or even people. cranes that have not been set up properly can even tip over, leading to large-
scale damage. while not all areas require safety training individuals or organizations often
pursue training to minimize liability and maximize safety.

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Working Principle [3]
Hydraulic cranes work on the concept of transmitting forces from one point to another through
a fluid and only due to this they are able to lift the heavy loads. In the essence, a hydraulic
crane works on optimizing the strength that is produced by the liquid under pressure.
Generally, the liquid is water or light oil that works with the system of pistons. These pistons
are attached to the system of levers and thereby used to lift heavy loads. In a simple hydraulic
system, when a piston pushes down on the oil, the oil transmits all of the original force to
another piston, which is driven up. In a simple hydraulic system, when one piston is pushed
down, another piston is pushed up. A hydraulic pump creates the pressure that moves the
pistons.

Construction [4]

The parts of the hydraulic cranes:

• Mast
• Jib
• Tie
• Cylindrical- ram arrangement
• Guide pulley
• Jigger

Figure 4: Parts of a Hydraulic Crane

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Mast is the vertical structure from which jib and tie are attached. The mast can revolve around
the vertical axis. The jib can be lowered or raised as per the requirement of crane. The jigger
which consists of sliding ram fitted in cylinder arrangement provides the necessary action for
lifting/lowering the load. The lower end of cylinder- ram arrangement is provided with inlet
for high pressure water. This end has fixed pulley block which in turn is fixed with cylinder
jigger. The upper end of ram is connected to movable pulley which can move up and down.
The wire rope is provided through which load is attached which is to be lowered or lifted. This
wire rope passes over the guide pulley and is fixed to movable pulley which in turn
is attached to sliding ram

Working [5]
During the lifting the load by crane, the high pressure water is admitted into the fixed cylinder
of jigger. The pressurised water forces the sliding ram to move right with movable pulley
bock. So that the distance between two pulley blocks increases. Which causes the wire passing
over the guide pulley is pulled by the jigger and hence the load attached to hook is lifted. For
lower the load, close inlet valve and open vast valve so that water is forced out the cylinder
hence ram moves towards the left and distance between two pulley blocks decreases, which
release the wire rope and the load is lowering down.

Advantages [6]
1 Most powerful means of lifting objects:- It is one of the most powerful means of lifting
objects is with the strength of a hydraulic crane. By harnessing the strength that liquid under
pressure gives, and the ease with which it can be used, it is possible to transfer a relatively
small amount of effort from one place to another, and hydraulic cranes are amongst the most
efficient lifting systems available in the modern workplace.

2. Extremely stable in use:- Because the hydraulic cranes use a fixed system of pipes, constant
pressure can be maintained once a part of the system has been moved into place, and this
makes them extremely stable in use, and able to support relatively large weights.

3. Very easy to maintain:- Hydraulic cranes are amongst the simplest systems that you can
use within any industrial process, and are very easy to maintain. Provided that all the pumps
and pistons are regularly checked for any leaks, and potential stress points where the levers are
supported are inspected for damage, the crane will continue to operate completely reliably for
long periods of time.

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4. A very versatile tool:- Most hydraulic cranes are comparatively light weight, and the ease
with which they can be moved from one area to another within the factory or distribution
center, makes them a very versatile tool with lots of uses on a day to day basis. From simple
loading jobs in your loading bay area where the portable hydraulic cranes can be used to lift
objects into a waiting truck to more complex jobs within the main factory, the lifts will come
in very useful.

Disadvantages [7]
During the lifting the load by crane, the high pressure water is admitted into the fixed cylinder
of jigger. The pressurised water forces the sliding ram to move right with movable pulley
bock. So that the distance between two pulley blocks increases which causes the wire passing
over the guide pulley is pulled by the jigger and hence the load attached to hook is lifted. For
lower the load, close inlet valve and open vast valve so that water is forced out the cylinder
hence ram moves towards the left and distance between two pulley blocks decreases, which
release the wire rope and the load is lowering down. Handling hydraulic fluids is messy, and
it can be difficult to totally get rid of leaks in a hydraulic system. If hydraulic fluid leaks in
hot areas, it may catch fire.

Applications [8]

• Used for lowering workshops

Photograph 8.1:

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 • Used for loading and unloading of ships and railway wagons.

Photograph 8.2:

Photograph 8.3:

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 • Used in heavy Industries

Photograph 8.4:

Conclusion [9]

The basic aim of this report is to understand the working of hydraulics in an easy
manner. Through this we understood how by applying pressure on an incompressible
liquid it was forced to transfer through pipes to the other part, which is the crane that in
turn helps in lifting material weighing tons .Hydraulic cranes are amongst the simplest
systems that you can use within any industrial process and are easy to maintain.

References [10]

• [1] Asmita Jadhav, Mayank Kachroo, Mahesh Hegde, ruchita Mantri, “Optimization in
Design of Rotating Hydraulic Crane”, International Journal of Engineering and
Advanced Technology (IJEAT) ISSN: 2249-8958, Vol. 3, Dec 2013 pp. 76-82.

• [2] Amir Zavichi and Amir H. Behzadan, “Creating Automated Crane Work Plans
Using Real Time Operational Data and Predictive Analysis” , Construction Research
Congress 2012 @ ASCE 2012

DEPT. OF MECHANICAL ENGG, KLSGIT, BELAGAVI 9

 • [3] C.Canudas de Wit, H.Olsson, K.J.°Astr¨om & P. Lischinsky: A New Model for
Control of Systems with Friction. IEEE transactions on automatic control, vol. 40, no.
3, 1995.

• [4] G.C.Goodwin, S.F.Graebe & M.E. Salgado: Control System Design. Prentice Hall,
New Jersey, 2001.

• [5]. Huang Li-Jenga* & Syu Hong-Jieb, “Seismic Response Analysis Of Tower Crane
Using SAP200”, Procedia Engineering 79(2014), pp. 513-522.

• [6]. H.-J.Bartsch: Taschenbuch mathematischer Formeln. Fachbuchverlag Leipzig im

CarlHanser-Verlag, M¨unchen, Wien, 18. Auflage, 1999.

• [7]. Insider secrets to hydraulics: Understanding hydraulic load sensing control.

http://www.insidersecretstohydraulics.com/hydraulic-load-sensing.html, 2005.

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