REMOTE CONTROLLED MOTORIZED JIB

CRANE

PROJECT REPORT 2019-2020

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COLLEGE
LOGO

Under the guidance of

Mr. xxxxxxxxxxxx

Submitted In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award

of Diploma in Mechanical Engineering of the State Board

of Technical Education, Government of Tamilnadu.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

COLLEGE NAME
 PLACE

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

COLLEGE NAME

PLACE,

SALEM-637504

PROJECT REPORT-2019-2020
CERTIFICATE

Register No: …………………………………...Certificate that this is the Bonafide

Record of the Project Work done by Mr.……………………………………………..Of

Final year Diploma in Mechanical Engineering During the academic year 2014-2015 In

partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Diploma in Mechanical

Engineering of the board of technical education Tamilnadu

Head of the Department

Faculty Guide

Submitted for the board of examination held on…………………………

Internal Examiner External
Examiner

DEDICATED TO OUR BELOVED

PARENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

At this pleasing movement of having successfully completed our project, we wish

to convey our sincere thanks and gratitude to the management of our college and our
beloved chairman Mr. Lion.xxxxxxxxxxxxxx, xxx., provided all the facilities to us.

We would like to express our sincere thanks to our principal Mr.cxxxxx for
forwarding us to do our project and offering adequate duration in completing our project.

We are also grateful to the Head of Department MR.xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx., for her

constructive suggestions &encouragement during our project.

With deep sense of gratitude, we extend our earnest &sincere thanks to our guide
Mr.xxxxxxxxxxxxx Department of Mechanical for her/him kind guidance and
encouragement during this project.
we also express our indebt thanks to our teaching staff of MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
REMOTE CONTROLLED MOTORIZED JIB CRANE
CONTENTS
 CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO TITLE

SYNOPSIS
LIST OF FIGURES
1 Introduction
2 Literature review
3 Description of equipments
3.1 Motor DC
3.2 Lead screw
3.3 Relay
3.4 Bearing
3.5 Encoder & Decoder With RF Transmitter And
Receiver
3.6 Control unit
4 Design and drawing
4.1 Machine components
4.2 Block diagram
4.3 Overall diagram
5 Working principle
6 Merits and demerit
7 Applications
8 List of materials
9 Cost Estimation
10 Conclusion
Bibliography
photography
LIST OF FIGURES
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure
Number Title

1 Block diagram
2 Overall diagram
SYNOPSIS
 SYNOPSIS:

This system is mainly used for industrial field.lot of man power is

required to transport the goods and weights from one place to the other place
in industries. But if they use this crane system, only few persons are enough
to do that work. What the benefit appear here means, manpower is totally
reduced. It not only helps in this field, but also can use in industrial purpose
for robotic based jobs.
 CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
 CHAPTER – 1
INTRODUCTION

A crane is a lifting machine equipped with a winder, wire ropes or

chains and sheaves that can be used both to lift and lower materials and to
move them horizontally. It uses one or more simple machines to create
mechanical advantage and thus move loads beyond the normal capability of
a human. Cranes are commonly employed in the transport industry for the
loading and unloading of freight; in the construction industry for the
movement of materials; and in the manufacturing industry for the
assembling of heavy equipment.

CRANE-LIKE MACHINES

The generally-accepted definition of a crane is a machine for lifting

and moving heavy objects by means of ropes or cables suspended from a
movable arm. As such, a lifting machine that does not use cables, or else
provides only vertical and not horizontal movement, cannot strictly be called
a 'crane'.
 CHAPTER-2

LITERATURE SURVAY
 CHAPTER-II
LITERATURE SURVEY

CRANE

The first cranes were invented by the Ancient Greeks and were
powered by men or beasts-of-burden, such as donkeys. These cranes were
used for the construction of tall buildings. Larger cranes were later
developed, employing the use of human tread wheels, permitting the lifting
of heavier weights. In the High Middle Ages, harbour cranes were
introduced to load and unload ships and assist with their construction – some
were built into stone towers for extra strength and stability. The earliest
cranes were constructed from wood, but cast iron and steel took over with
the coming of the Industrial Revolution.

For many centuries, power was supplied by the physical exertion of men or
animals, although hoists in watermills and windmills could be driven by the
harnessed natural power. The first 'mechanical' power was provided by
steam engines, the earliest steam crane being introduced in the 18th or 19th
century, with many remaining in use well into the late 20th century. Modern
cranes usually use internal combustion engines or electric motors and
hydraulic systems to provide a much greater lifting capability than was
previously possible, although manual cranes are still utilised where the
provision of power would be uneconomic.

Cranes exist in an enormous variety of forms – each tailored to a specific

use. Sizes range from the smallest jib cranes, used inside workshops, to the
tallest tower cranes, used for constructing high buildings, and the largest
floating cranes, used to build oil rigs and salvage sunken ships.

This article also covers lifting machines that do not strictly fit the above
definition of a crane, but are generally known as cranes, such as stacker
cranes and loader cranes.

Types of cranes
 Railroad cranes
 Mobile crane
 Telescopic crane
 Tower crane
 Hammerhead crane
 Truck-mounted crane
 Rough terrain crane
 All Terrain Crane (AT's)
 Crawler crane
 Gantry crane
 Overhead crane
 Floating crane
 Vessel (Deck) crane
 Aerial crane
 Jib crane
 Bulk-handling
 Loader crane
 Rolloader crane
 Stacker crane
 Sidelift
Mechanical principles

There are two major considerations that are taken into account in the
design of cranes. The first is that the crane must be able to lift a load of a
specified weight and the second is that the crane must remain stable and not
topple over when the load is lifted and moved to another location.

LIFTING CAPACITY:

Cranes illustrate the use of one or more simple machines to create

mechanical advantage.

 The lever. A balance crane contains a horizontal beam (the lever)

pivoted about a point called the fulcrum. The principle of the lever
allows a heavy load attached to the shorter end of the beam to be lifted
by a smaller force applied in the opposite direction to the longer end
of the beam. The ratio of the load's weight to the applied force is equal
to the ratio of the lengths of the longer arm and the shorter arm, and is
called the mechanical advantage.
 The pulley. A jib crane contains a tilted strut (the jib) that supports a
fixed pulley block. Cables are wrapped multiple times round the fixed
block and round another block attached to the load. When the free end
of the cable is pulled by hand or by a winding machine, the pulley
system delivers a force to the load that is equal to the applied force
multiplied by the number of lengths of cable passing between the two
blocks. This number is the mechanical advantage.
 The hydraulic cylinder. This can be used directly to lift the load or
indirectly to move the jib or beam that carries another lifting device.
Cranes, like all machines, obey the principle of conservation of energy. This
means that the energy delivered to the load cannot exceed the energy put
into the machine. For example, if a pulley system multiplies the applied
force by ten, then the load moves only one tenth as far as the applied force.
Since energy is proportional to force multiplied by distance, the output
energy is kept roughly equal to the input energy (in practice slightly less,
because some energy is lost to friction and other inefficiencies).

STABILITY OF CRANE:

In order for a crane to be stable, the sum of all moments about any
point such as the base of the crane must equate to zero. In practice, the
magnitude of load that is permitted to be lifted (called the "rated load" in the
US) is some value less than the load that will cause the crane to tip.

Under US standards for mobile cranes, the stability-limited rated load for a
crawler crane is 75% of the tipping load. The stability-limited rated load for
a mobile crane supported on outriggers is 85% of the tipping load.

Standards for cranes mounted on ships or offshore platforms are somewhat

stricter due to the dynamic load on the crane due to vessel motion.
Additionally, the stability of the vessel or platform must be considered.

For stationary pedestal or kingpost mounted cranes, the moment created by

the boom, jib, and load is resisted by the pedestal base or kingpost. Stress
within the base must be less than the yield stress of the material or the crane
will fail.

HISTORY:
Motor:

The principle of conversion of electrical energy into mechanical

energy by electromagnetic means was demonstrated by the British scientist
Michael Faraday in 1821 and consisted of a free-hanging wire dipping into a
pool of mercury. A permanent magnet was placed in the middle of the pool
of mercury. When a current was passed through the wire, the wire rotated
around the magnet, showing that the current gave rise to a circular magnetic
field around the wire. This motor is often demonstrated in school physics
classes, but brine (salt water) is sometimes used in place of the toxic
mercury. This is the simplest form of a class of electric motors called
homopolar motors. A later refinement is the Barlow's Wheel. These were
demonstration devices, unsuited to practical applications due to limited
power.

The first real electric motor, using electromagnets for both stationary and
rotating parts, was demonstrated by Ányos Jedlik in 1828 Hungary. He built
an electric-motor propelled vehicle in 1828.

The first English commutator-type direct-current electric motor capable of a

practical application was invented by the British scientist William Sturgeon
in 1832. Following Sturgeon's work, a commutator-type direct-current
electric motor made with the intention of commercial use was built by the
American Thomas Davenport and patented in 1837. Although several of
these motors were built and used to operate equipment such as a printing
press, due to the high cost of primary battery power, the motors were
commercially unsuccessful and Davenport went bankrupt. Several inventors
followed Sturgeon in the development of DC motors but all encountered the
same cost issues with primary battery power. No electricity distribution had
been developed at the time. Like Sturgeon's motor, there was no practical
commercial market for these motors.

The modern DC motor was invented by accident in 1873, when Zénobe

Gramme connected the dynamo he had invented to a second similar unit,
driving it as a motor. The Gramme machine was the first electric motor that
was successful in the industry.

In 1888 Nikola Tesla invented the first practicable AC motor and with it the
polyphase power transmission system. Tesla continued his work on the AC
motor in the years to follow at the Westinghouse Company.

Categorization of electric motors

The classic division of electric motors has been that of Alternating

Current (AC) type’s vs Direct Current (DC) types. This is more a de facto
convention, rather than a rigid distinction. For example, many classic DC
motors run on AC power, these motors being referred to as universal motors.

The ongoing trend toward electronic control further muddles the distinction,
as modern drivers have moved the commutator out of the motor shell. For
this new breed of motor, driver circuits are relied upon to generate sinusoidal
AC drive currents, or some approximation of. The two best examples are:
the brushless DC motor and the stepping motor, both being poly-phase AC
motors requiring external electronic control.

Considering all rotating (or linear) electric motors require synchronism

between a moving magnetic field and a moving current sheet for average
torque production, there is a clearer distinction between an asynchronous
motor and synchronous types. An asynchronous motor requires slip between
the moving magnetic field and a winding set to induce current in the
winding set by mutual inductance; the most ubiquitous example being the
common AC induction motor which must slip in order to generate torque. In
the synchronous types, induction (or slip) is not a requisite for magnetic
field or current production (eg. permanent magnet motors, synchronous
brush-less wound-rotor doubly-fed electric machine).
 CHAPTER-3

DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENT
 CHAPTER-III
DESCRIPTION OFEQUIPMENT

3.1. MOTOR

PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION

In any electric motor, operation is based on simple electromagnetism.

A current-carrying conductor generates a magnetic field; when this is then
placed in an external magnetic field, it will experience a force proportional
to the current in the conductor, and to the strength of the external magnetic
field. As you are well aware of from playing with magnets as a kid, opposite
(North and South) polarities attract, while like polarities (North and North,
South and South) repel. The internal configuration of a DC motor is
designed to harness the magnetic interaction between a current-carrying
conductor and an external magnetic field to generate rotational motion.
 Let's start by looking at a simple 2-pole DC electric motor (here red
represents a magnet or winding with a "North" polarization, while green
represents a magnet or winding with a "South" polarization).

Every DC motor has six basic parts -- axle, rotor (armature), stator,
commutator, field magnet(s), and brushes. In most common DC motors, the
external magnetic field is produced by high-strength permanent magnets.
The stator is the stationary part of the motor -- this includes the motor
casing, as well as two or more permanent magnet pole pieces. The rotor
(together with the axle and attached commutator) rotate with respect to the
stator. The rotor consists of windings (generally on a core), the windings
being electrically connected to the commutator. The above diagram shows a
common motor layout -- with the rotor inside the stator (field) magnets.

The geometry of the brushes, commutator contacts, and rotor

windings are such that when power is applied, the polarities of the energized
winding and the stator magnet(s) are misaligned, and the rotor will rotate
until it is almost aligned with the stator's field magnets. As the rotor reaches
alignment, the brushes move to the next commutator contacts, and energize
the next winding. Given our example two-pole motor, the rotation reverses
the direction of current through the rotor winding, leading to a "flip" of the
rotor's magnetic field, driving it to continue rotating.

In real life, though, DC motors will always have more than two poles
(three is a very common number). In particular, this avoids "dead spots" in
the commutator. You can imagine how with our example two-pole motor, if
the rotor is exactly at the middle of its rotation (perfectly aligned with the
field magnets), it will get "stuck" there. Meanwhile, with a two-pole motor,
there is a moment where the commutator shorts out the power supply. This
would be bad for the power supply, waste energy, and damage motor
components as well. Yet another disadvantage of such a simple motor is that
it would exhibit a high amount of torque "ripple" (the amount of torque it
could produce is cyclic with the position of the rotor).

So since most small DC motors are of a three-pole design, let's tinker

with the workings of one via an interactive animation (JavaScript required):
 A few things from this -- namely, one pole is fully energized at a time
(but two others are "partially" energized). As each brush transitions from
one commutator contact to the next, one coil's field will rapidly collapse, as
the next coil's field will rapidly charge up (this occurs within a few
microsecond). We'll see more about the effects of this later, but in the
meantime you can see that this is a direct result of the coil windings' series
wiring:
 There's probably no better way to see how an average DC motor is put
together, than by just opening one up. Unfortunately this is tedious work, as
well as requiring the destruction of a perfectly good motor.

The guts of a disassembled Mabuchi FF-030-PN motor (the same

model that Solarbotics sells) are available for (on 10 lines / cm graph paper).
This is a basic 3-pole DC motor, with 2 brushes and three commutator
contacts.

The use of an iron core armature (as in the Mabuchi, above) is quite
common, and has a number of advantages. First off, the iron core provides a
strong, rigid support for the windings -- a particularly important
consideration for high-torque motors. The core also conducts heat away
from the rotor windings, allowing the motor to be driven harder than might
otherwise be the case. Iron core construction is also relatively inexpensive
compared with other construction types.

But iron core construction also has several disadvantages. The iron
armature has a relatively high inertia which limits motor acceleration. This
construction also results in high winding inductances which limit brush and
commutator life.

In small motors, an alternative design is often used which features a

'coreless' armature winding. This design depends upon the coil wire itself for
structural integrity. As a result, the armature is hollow, and the permanent
magnet can be mounted inside the rotor coil. Coreless DC motors have
much lower armature inductance than iron-core motors of comparable size,
extending brush and commutator life.
 The coreless design also allows manufacturers to build smaller
motors; meanwhile, due to the lack of iron in their rotors, coreless motors
are somewhat prone to overheating. As a result, this design is generally used
just in small, low-power motors. Beamers will most often see coreless DC
motors in the form of pager motors.

Again, disassembling a coreless motor can be instructive -- in this

case, my hapless victim was a cheap pager vibrator motor. The guts of this
disassembled motor are available (on 10 lines / cm graph paper). This is (or
more accurately, was) a 3-pole coreless DC motor.
3.2 LEAD SCREW:
A lead screw also known as a power screw or translation screw, is a
screw designed to translate radial motion into linear motion. Common
applications are machine slides (such as in machine tools), vises, presses,
and jacks.

A lead screw nut and screw mate with rubbing surfaces, and
consequently they have a relatively high friction and stiction compared to
mechanical parts which mate with rolling surfaces and bearings. Their
efficiency is typically between 25 and 70%, with higher pitch screws tending
to be more efficient. A higher performing, and more expensive, alternative is
the ball screw.

The high internal friction means that lead screw systems are not usually
capable of continuous operation at high speed, as they will overheat. Due to
inherently high stiction, the typical screw is self-locking (i.e. when stopped,
a linear force on the nut will not apply a torque to the screw) and are often
used in applications where back driving is unacceptable, like holding vertical
loads or in hand cranked machine tools.

Lead screws are typically used well greased, but, with an appropriate nut, it
may be run dry with somewhat higher friction. There is often a choice of
nuts, and manufacturers will specify screw and nut combinations as a set.

The mechanical advantage of a lead screw is determined by the screw pitch

and lead. For multi-start screws the mechanical advantage is lower, but the
traveling speed is better.
Backlash can be reduced with the use of a second nut to create a static
loading force known as preload; alternately, the nut can be cut along a radius
and preloaded by clamping that cut back together.

A lead screw will back drive. A lead screw's tendency to back drive depends
on its thread helix angle, coefficient of friction of the interface of the
components (screw/nut) and the included angle of the thread form. In
general, a steel acme thread and bronze nut will back drive when the helix
angle of the thread is greater than 20°.

ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

The advantages of a lead screw are:

 Large load carrying capability

 Compact
 Simple to design
 Easy to manufacture; no specialized machinery is required
 Large mechanical advantage
 Precise and accurate linear motion
 Smooth, quiet, and low maintenance
 Minimal number of parts
 Most are self-locking

The disadvantages are that most are not very efficient.

 Due to the low efficiency they cannot be used in continuous power

transmission applications.
 They also have a high degree for friction on the threads, which can
wear the threads out quickly.
 For square threads, the nut must be replaced; for trapezoidal threads, a
split nut may be used to compensate for the wear.
3.3 RELAY:

A relay is an electrically operated switch. Current flowing through the

coil of the relay creates a magnetic field which attracts a lever and changes
the switch contacts. The coil current can be on or off. So relays have two
switch positions and they are double throw (changeover) switches. Relays
allow one circuit to switch a second circuit which can be completely
separate from the first. The link is magnetic and mechanical. The coil of a
relay passes a relatively large current, typically 30mA for a 12V relay, but it
can be as much as 100mA for relays designed to operate from lower
voltages. Most ICs (chips) cannot provide this current and a transistor is
usually used to amplify the small IC current to the larger value required for
the relay coil. The maximum output current for the popular 555 timer IC is
200mA so these devices can supply relay coils directly without
amplification.

Relays are usually SPDT or DPDT but they can have many more
sets of switch contacts, for example relays with 4 sets of changeover
contacts are readily available. Most relays are designed for PCB mounting
but you can solder wires directly to the pins providing you take care to avoid
melting the plastic case of the relay. The animated picture shows a working
relay with its coil and switch contacts. You can see a lever on the left being
attracted by magnetism when the coil is switched on. This lever moves the
switch contacts. There is one set of contacts (SPDT) in the foreground and
another behind them, making the relay DPDT.
3.4 BEARING:
A bearing is a device to permit constrained relative motion between
two parts, typically rotation or linear movement. Bearings may be classified
broadly according to the motions they allow and according to their principle
of operation. Low friction bearings are often important for efficiency, to
reduce wear and to facilitate high speeds. Essentially, a bearing can reduce
friction by virtue of its shape, by its material, or by introducing and
containing a fluid between surfaces. By shape, gains advantage usually by
using spheres or rollers. By material, exploits the nature of the bearing
material used. Sliding bearings, usually called bushes bushings journal
bearings sleeve bearings rifle bearings or plain bearings. rolling-element
bearings such as ball bearings and roller bearings. Jewel bearings, in which
the load is carried by rolling the axle slightly off-center. fluid bearings, in
which the load is carried by a gas or liquid magnetic bearings, in which the
load is carried by a magnetic field. Flexure bearings, in which the motion
is supported by a load element which bends. Bearings vary greatly over the
forces and speeds that they can support. Forces can be radial, axial (thrust
bearings) or moments perpendicular to the main axis. Bearings very
typically involve some degree of relative movement between surfaces, and
different types have limits as to the maximum relative surface speeds they
can handle, and this can be specified as a speed in ft/s or m/s.
The moving parts there is considerable overlap between capabilities,
but plain bearings can generally handle the lowest speeds while rolling
element bearings are faster, hydrostatic bearings faster still, followed by gas
bearings and finally magnetic bearings which have no known upper speed
limit.
LINEAR BEARING
A linear-motion bearing or linear slide is a bearing designed to
provide free motion in one dimension. There are many different types of
linear motion bearings and this family of products is generally broken down
into two sub-categories: rolling-element and plane.

Motorized linear slides such as machine slides, XY tables, roller tables and
some dovetail slides are bearings moved by drive mechanisms. Not all linear
slides are motorized, and non-motorized dovetail slides, ball bearing slides
and roller slides provide low-friction linear movement for equipment
powered by inertia or by hand. All linear slides provide linear motion based
on bearings, whether they are ball bearings, dovetail bearings or linear roller
bearings. XY Tables, linear stages, machine slides and other advanced slides
use linear motion bearings to provide movement along both X and Y
multiple axis.
3.5 ENCODER & DECODER WITH RF TRANSMITTER AND
RECEIVER:

ENCODER
In this circuit HT 640 is used as encoder. The 3 18 encoders are a series
of CMOS LSI s for remote control system application. They are capable of
encoding 18 bits of information which consists of N address bit and 18-N
data bits. Each address/data input is externally trinary programmable if
bonded out. It is otherwise set floating internally. Various packages of the
318 encoders offer flexible combination of programmable address/data is
transmitted together with the header bits via an RF or an infrared
transmission medium upon receipt of a trigger signal. The capability to
select a TE trigger type further enhances the application flexibility of the 3 18
series of encoders.
In this circuit the input signal to be encoded is given to AD7-AD0 input
pins of encoder. The encoder output address pins are shorted so the output
encoded signal is the combination of (A0-A9) address signal and (D0-D7)
data signal. The output encoded signal is taken from 8th which is connected
to RF transmitter section.

DECODER
In this circuit HT648 is used as decoder. The 318 decoder are a series
of CMOS LSIs for remote control system application. They are paired with
318 series of encoders. For proper operation a pair of encoder/decoder pair
with the same number of address and data format should be selected. The 3 18
series of decoder receives serial address and data from that series of
encoders that are transmitted by a carrier using an RF or an IR transmission
medium. It then compares the serial input data twice continuously with its
local address. If no errors or unmatched codes are encountered, the input
data codes are decoded and then transferred to the output pins. The VT pin
also goes high to indicate a valid transmission.
The 318 decoders are capable of decoding 18 bits of information that
consists of N bits of address and 18-N bits of data. To meet various
applications they are arranged to provide a number of data pins whose range
is from 0 t08 and an address pin whose range is from 8 to 18. In addition, the
318 decoders provide various combinations of address/ data numbering
different package.
In this circuit the received encoded signal is 9th pin of the decoder.
Now the decoder separate the address (A0-A9) and data signal (D0-D7).
Then the output data signal is given to microcontroller or any other
interfacing device.

KEYPAD
The keypad consists of eight key in which each key represents the one
operation. The key board is interfaced with encoder data lines. If any one
key is pressed the corresponding signal is given to encoder.
RF TRANSMITTER
Whenever the high output pulse is given to base of the
transistor BF 494, the transistor is conducting so tank circuit is oscillated.
The tank circuit is consists of L2 and C4 generating 433 MHz carrier signal.
Then the modulated signal is given LC filter section. After the filtration the
RF modulated signal is transmitted through antenna.

RF RECEIVER
 The RF receiver is used to receive the encoded data which is
transmitted by the RF transmitter. Then the received data is given to
transistor which acts as amplifier. Then the amplified signal is given to
carrier demodulator section in which transistor Q1 is turn on and turn off
conducting depends on the signal. Due to this the capacitor C14 is charged
and discharged so carrier signal is removed and saw tooth signal is appears
across the capacitor. Then this saw tooth signal is given to comparator. The
comparator circuit is constructed by LM558. The comparator is used to
convert the saw tooth signal to exact square pulse. Then the encoded signal
is given to decoder in order to get the decoded original signal.

3.6 CONTROL UNIT:

In this the control unit is controlled the whole unit with the help of
micro controller.

MICROCONTROLLER:

Microcontrollers are destined to play an increasingly important role in

revolutionizing various industries and influencing our day to day life more
strongly than one can imagine. Since its emergence in the early 1980's the
microcontroller has been recognized as a general purpose building block for
intelligent digital systems. It is finding using diverse area, starting from
simple children's toys to highly complex spacecraft. Because of its
versatility and many advantages, the application domain has spread in all
conceivable directions, making it ubiquitous. As a consequence, it has
generate a great deal of interest and enthusiasm among students, teachers
and practicing engineers, creating an acute education need for imparting the
knowledge of microcontroller based system design and development. It
identifies the vital features responsible for their tremendous impact; the
acute educational need created by them and provides a glimpse of the major
application area.

A microcontroller is a complete microprocessor system built on a

single IC. Microcontrollers were developed to meet a need for
microprocessors to be put into low cost products. Building a complete
microprocessor system on a single chip substantially reduces the cost of
building simple products, which use the microprocessor's power to
implement their function, because the microprocessor is a natural way to
implement many products. This means the idea of using a microprocessor
for low cost products comes up often. But the typical 8-bit microprocessor
based system, such as one using a Z80 and 8085 is expensive. Both 8085
and Z80 system need some additional circuits to make a microprocessor
system. Each part carries costs of money. Even though a product design may
require only very simple system, the parts needed to make this system as a
low cost product.

To solve this problem microprocessor system is implemented with a

single chip microcontroller. This could be called microcomputer, as all the
major parts are in the IC. Most frequently they are called microcontroller
because they are used they are used to perform control functions.

The microcontroller contains full implementation of a standard

MICROPROCESSOR, ROM, RAM, I/0, CLOCK, TIMERS, and also
SERIAL PORTS. Microcontroller also called "system on a chip" or "single
chip microprocessor system" or "computer on a chip".
 A microcontroller is a Computer-On-A-Chip, or, if you prefer, a
single-chip computer. Micro suggests that the device is small, and controller
tells you that the device' might be used to control objects, processes, or
events. Another term to describe a microcontroller is embedded controller,
because the microcontroller and its support circuits are often built into, or
embedded in, the devices they control.

Today microcontrollers are very commonly used in wide variety of

intelligent products. For example most personal computers keyboards and
implemented with a microcontroller. It replaces Scanning, Debounce, Matrix
Decoding, and Serial transmission circuits. Many low cost products, such as
Toys, Electric Drills, Microwave Ovens, VCR and a host of other consumer
and industrial products are based on microcontrollers.
 CHAPTER-4

DESIGN AND DRAWING

 CHAPTER-IV
DESIGN OF EQUIPMENT AND DRAWING
4.1 COMPONENTS OF THE MACHINE
The jib crane mechanism is consists of the following components to
full fill the requirements of complete operation of the machine.
1. Motor
2. Remote
3. Control unit
4. Lead screw
 DRAWING

4.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM

4.3 DRAWING FOR REMOTE CONTROLLED
MOTORIZED JIB CRANE
 CHAPTER -5

WORKING PRINCIPLE
 CHAPTER-V
WORKING PRINCIPLE

This project is designed with Driver circuit with relay, Keypad

(remote), Dc motor and Crane hook model.
Either the battery power or direct power supply is used to control the
crane motor. The keypad is used to control the direction of the motor which
is coupled with the lead screw. Relay is directly connected with the DC
motor. When the start key is pressed the motor is operated in forward
direction and the when the stop key is pressed the motor is stops
automatically. The forward and reverse button in the remote is used to
operate the motor is required directions.
 CHAPTER -6

MERITS AND DEMERIT

 CHAPTER-VI
MERITS AND DEMERIT
MERITS
 Simple and hand efficient
 Cheap and best
 Reduces man power

DEMIRT
It cannot be operated in other directions since the path is straight.
 CHAPTER-7

APPLICATIONS
 CHAPTER-VII
APPLICATIONS

It can be used in industries like tea powder manufacturing and other

agricultural fields.
 CHAPTER-8

LIST OF MATERIALS
 CHAPTER-VIII
LIST OF MATERIALS
FACTORS DETERMINING THE CHOICE OF MATERIALS
The various factors which determine the choice of material are
discussed below.
1. Properties:
The material selected must posses the necessary properties for the
proposed application. The various requirements to be satisfied
Can be weight, surface finish, rigidity, ability to withstand environmental
attack from chemicals, service life, reliability etc.

The following four types of principle properties of materials

decisively affect their selection
a. Physical
b. Mechanical
c. From manufacturing point of view
d. Chemical
The various physical properties concerned are melting point, thermal
Conductivity, specific heat, coefficient of thermal expansion, specific
gravity, electrical conductivity, magnetic purposes etc.
The various Mechanical properties Concerned are strength in tensile,
Compressive shear, bending, torsion and buckling load, fatigue resistance,
impact resistance, elastic limit, endurance limit, and modulus of elasticity,
hardness, wear resistance and sliding properties.
The various properties concerned from the manufacturing point of
view are,
 Cast ability
Weld ability
Bribability
Forge ability
Merchantability
Surface properties
Shrinkage
Deep drawing etc.

2. Manufacturing case:
Sometimes the demand for lowest possible manufacturing cost or surface
qualities obtainable by the application of suitable coating substances may
demand the use of special materials.
3. Quality Required:
This generally affects the manufacturing process and ultimately the
material. For example, it would never be desirable to go casting of a less
number of components which can be fabricated much more economically by
welding or hand forging the steel.
4. Availability of Material:
Some materials may be scarce or in short supply.it then becomes
obligatory for the designer to use some other material which though may not
be a perfect substitute for the material designed.the delivery of materials and
the delivery date of product should also be kept in mind.
5. Space consideration:
Sometimes high strength materials have to be selected because the forces
involved are high and space limitations are there.
6. Cost:
As in any other problem, in selection of material the cost of material
plays an important part and should not be ignored.
Some times factors like scrap utilization, appearance, and non-
maintenance of the designed part are involved in the selection of proper
materials.
 CHAPTER-9
COST ESTIMATION
 CHAPTER-IX
COST ESTIMATION
1. MATERIAL COST.

2. LABOUR COST:
Lathe, drilling, welding, grinding, power hacksaw, gas cutting cost =800Rs
3. OVERGHEAD CHARGES:
The overhead charges are arrived by ”manufacturing cost”
Manufacturing Cost =Material Cost +Labour Cost
=
=
Overhead Charges =20%of the manufacturing cost
=
4. TOTAL COST:
Total cost = Material Cost +Labour Cost +Overhead Charges
=
=
Total cost for this project =
CHAPTER-10

CONCLUSION
 CHAPTER-X
CONCLUSION
The project carried out by us made an impressing task in the field of
small scale industries and automobile maintenance shops. It is very usefully
for the workers to shift the load from the one place to another place.
This project has also reduced the cost involved in the concern. Project
has been designed to perform the entire requirement task which has also
been provided.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Design data book -P.S.G.Tech.
2. Pneumatic handbook -R.H.warrning
3. Machine tool design handbook –Central machine tool Institute,
Bangalore.
4. Strength of Materials -R.S.Kurmi
5. Manufacturing Technology -M.Haslehurst.
6. Design of machine elements- R.s.Kurumi
PHOTOGRAPHY