TEACHER GUIDE AND ANSWERS

Study Guide – Chapter 4 – The Structure of 8. 30

the Atom 9. 85
Section 4.1 Early Ideas About Matter 10. 104 protons; 104 electrons
1. false 11. 84 protons; 84 electrons
12. 102 protons; 102 electrons
2. true
13. 19 protons, 19 electrons, 20neutrons
3. true
14. 14 protons, 14 electrons, 14 neutrons
4. true
15. 19 protons, 19 electrons, 21 neutrons
5. false
16. 51 protons, 51 electrons, 72 neutrons
6. false
17. The two isotopes with atomic number 19 are both
7. true
isotopes of potassium.
8. true
9. false 18.
10. true 19.
Section 4.2 Defining the Atom 20.
1. c
2. a 21.
3. b 22. mass number
4. Drawing should look like a ball of chocolate chip 23. atomic number
cookie dough. The chocolate chips should be labeled 24. d
with negative charge or as electrons. The dough 25. a
should be labeled as evenly distributed positive
26. d
charges.
27. 76
5. Drawing should look like a peach with a pit. The pit
should be labeled nucleus and should include labeled 28. Nb
protons and neutrons. The outer circle of the peach 29. 190.2
should be labeled electrons. 30. atomic mass units
31. osmium: 76 protons, 76 electrons; niobium:
Particle Symbol Location Relative Relative 41 protons, 41 electrons.
Charge mass 32. Mass contribution  (mass)(percent abundance)
6. Proton p In the nucleus 1 1 63
X: (62.930 amu)(69.17%)  43.53 amu
7. Neutron n0 In the nucleus 0 1
65
X: (64.928 amu)(30.83%)  20.02 amu
Atomic mass of X  43.53 amu  20.02 amu  63.55
8. Electron e In the space 1 1/1840
surrounding amu
the nucleus The element is copper.
33. Mass contribution  (mass)(percent abundance)
Section 4.3 How Atoms Differ 35
X: (34.969 amu)(75.77%)  26.50 amu
1. false 37
X: (36.966 amu)(24.23%)  8.957 amu
2. true
3. true Atomic mass of X  26.50 amu  8.957 amu  35.46
amu
4. true
The element is chlorine.
5. false
6. 82 protons; 82 electrons
7. 8 protons

Chemistry: Matter and Change 7 Teacher Guide and Answers

Section 4.4 Changes to the Nucleus—Nuclear Reactions
1. c
2. a
3. d
4. b
5. the positive plate, because beta particles are negatively charged
6. Gamma rays have no charge.
7. The beta particles have less mass than the alpha particles and ar more greatly affected by the electric
field.

Radiation Composition Symb Mass Char

Type ol (amu) ge
Helium
8. Alpha nuclei, or 4 2
alpha particles
Electrons, 1/184
9. Beta 1
beta particles 0
High-energy
10.
electromagnet 0 0
Gamma
ic radiation