Chemistry Worksheet

Q1/ For each statement below, write true or false

____________________1. Ancient philosophers regularly performed controlled experiments.

____________________2. Philosophers formulated explanations about the nature of matter based on

their own experiences.

____________________3. Both Democritus and Dalton suggested that matter is made up of atoms.

____________________4. Dalton’s atomic theory stated that atoms separate, combine, or rearrange in
chemical reactions.

____________________5. Dalton’s atomic theory stated that matter is mostly empty space.

____________________6. Dalton was correct in thinking that atoms could not be divided into smaller
particles.

____________________7. Dalton’s atomic theory stated that atoms of different elements combine in
simple whole-number ratios to form compounds.

____________________8. Dalton thought that all atoms of a specific element have the same mass.

____________________9. Democritus proposed that atoms are held together by chemical bonds, but
no one believed him.

___________________10. Dalton’s atomic theory was based on careful measurements and extensive
research.

___________________11. The number of neutrons in an atom is referred to as its atomic number.

___________________12. The periodic table is arranged by increasing atomic number.

___________________13. Atomic number is equal to the number of electrons in an atom.

___________________14. The number of protons in an atom identifies it as an atom of a particular

element.

___________________15. Most atoms have either a positive or a negative charge.

Q2/ Compare and contrast each pair of related terms.

1. mass number, atomic number

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2. nuclear reaction, nuclear equation
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Q3/ Match the definition in Column A with the term in Column B.

Column A Column B

______1. Radiation deflected toward the positively charged plate a. atom

______2. Atoms with the same number of protons but different b. nucleus
numbers of neutrons
c. atomic mass
______3. High-energy radiation that has no charge and no mass
d. isotopes
______4. The smallest particle of an element that retains the
e. gamma ray
properties of that element
f. alpha radiation
______5. The weighted average mass of an element’s isotopes
g. beta radiation
______6. The center-most part of an atom where the protons and
neutrons are contained h. atomic mass unit
______7. Radiation deflected toward the negatively charged plate i. radiation
______8. The rays and particles emitted by radioactive material j. Dalton’s atomic theory
______9. Equal to 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom k. cathode ray
_____10. Ray of radiation traveling from the cathode to the anode l. radioactivity
_____11.Process (not requiring energy) by which unstable nuclei m. radioactive decay
lose energy

_____12.States that all matter is composed of atoms

_____13.Process whereby some substances spontaneously emit

radiation

Q4/ Use the periodic table to identify each element described below.

1. atomic number 65 __________________

2. 78 protons __________________

3. 44 protons and 44 electrons _________________

4. atomic number 24 __________________

5. 21 protons __________________

6. atomic number 55 __________________

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Q5/ Complete the table below.

Q6/ For each description in Column A, write the letter of the matching symbol in Column B.

Column A Column B

______1.Isotope in which the number of neutrons is six more than a.

17
8 O
the isotope’s atomic number
63
______2.Copper-63 b. 29 Cu

______3.Copper with seven neutrons more than its atomic c.

12
6 6C
number
50
______4.Isotope that has one neutron more than its number of d. 24 Cr
protons
14
e. 6 C
______5.Carbon with equal numbers of neutrons, protons, and
electrons f.
65
Cu
29

______6.Carbon with two more neutrons than its number of

52
protons g. 24 Cr
______7.Chromium with two more neutrons than its number of 54
h. 24 Cr
protons

______8.Isotope in which the difference between the neutrons

and number of protons is 4

Q7/ Answer the following questions

1. Calculate the atomic mass of gallium (Ga). Gallium has two isotopes: 69Ga and 71Ga. 69Ga has a
relative abundance of 60.12% and an atomic mass of 68.9257 amu. 71Ga has a relative abundance
of 39.88% and an atomic mass of 70.9249 amu. Show all your work.

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2. Calculate the atomic mass of the element X. Then use the periodic table to identify the element.
Show all your work.

3. Explain why the mass number for chlorine is more than 35.
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Q8/ Antimony (Sb) has two stable isotopes. 121Sb has a mass of 120.90amu. 123Sb has a mass of 122.90
amu.

1.What is antimony’s atomic mass? Use the periodic table.

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2. Write an equation to describe the relationship between the percent abundance of 121Sb and the
percent abundance of 123Sb. Assume that no other isotopes exist.
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3. Write an equation that you can use to calculate the percent abundance of each isotope.

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4. Calculate the percent abundance for each isotope of antimony. Show all your work.

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Q10/ Choose the correct answer

1. The diagram above illustrates a nuclear reaction in which uranium-238 emits an alpha particle.
How many protons and neutrons will the daughter nucleus have?

a. 90 p and 144 n
b. 92 p and 142 n
c. 92 p and 150 n
d. 94 p and 148 n

2. In his latest dig, Dr. Butrell found an abundance of lead (Pb) in some ancient artifacts. What is
the atomic number of lead?
a. 80
b. 81
c. 82
d. 83

3. The chart shows isotopes of some common elements. Which property is used to name the
isotopes?

a. Atomic number
b. Atomic mass
c. Mass number
d. Percent natural occurrence

4. The atomic mass of an element is the weighted average mass of the isotopes of that element.
Based on this definition, which of these does NOT show the correct atomic mass for an
element?
a. Hydrogen: 1.008 amu
b. Carbon: 12.011 amu

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c. Oxygen: 15.999 amu
d. Copper: 63.017 amu

5. The diagram below shows the results of Rutherford’s experiment in which he used a radioactive
source to “shoot” alpha particles at a thin sheet of gold foil. Based on these results, what were
Rutherford’s conclusions?

a. Atoms are solid matter with positive and negative charges scattered throughout.
b. Atoms are solid, positively charged matter with negatively charged electrons scattered
throughout.
c. Atoms are mostly empty space with small, dense, positively charged centers.
d. Atoms are mostly empty space with small, dense, negatively charged centers.

6. An atom _______.
a. is much larger than its nucleus
b. is much lighter than its nucleus
c. is much denser than its nucleus
d. has a higher positive charge than its nucleus

7. The diagram below shows how alpha, beta, and gamma rays are affected by two electrically
charged plates. Based on the paths the rays follow, what are the respective charges of alpha,
beta, and gamma rays?

a. negative, positive, none

b. positive, negative, none
c. negative, none, positive
d. positive, none, negative

8. Most of the mass of an atom is ________ .

a. in the electrons
b. in the protons
c. in the neutrons
d. in the nucleus

9. The mass of an electron is

a. smaller than the mass of a proton.
b. smaller than the mass of a neutron.

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 c. a tiny fraction of the mass of an atom.
d. all of the above.

11. One atomic mass unit is

a. 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom.
b. 1/16 the mass of an oxygen-16 atom.
c. exactly the mass of one proton.
d. approximately the mass of one proton plus one neutron.

12. The atomic mass of an atom is usually not a whole number because it accounts for
a. only the relative abundance of the atom’s isotopes.
b. only the mass of each of the atom’s isotopes.
c. the mass of the atom’s electrons.
d. both the relative abundance and the mass of each of the atom’s isotopes.

Q11/ Answer the following questions

1. Lead has an atomic number of 82. How many protons and electrons does lead have?
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2. Oxygen has 8 electrons. How many protons does oxygen have? __________________________
3. Zinc has 30 protons. What is its atomic number? ______________________________________
4. Astatine has 85 protons. What is its atomic number?___________________________________
5. Rutherfordium has an atomic number of 104. How many protons and electrons does it have?
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6. Polonium has an atomic number of 84. How many protons and electrons does it have?
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7. Nobelium has an atomic number of 102. How many protons and electrons does it have?
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Q12/ Determine the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons for each isotope described below.

1. An isotope has atomic number 19 and mass number 39.

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2. An isotope has 14 electrons and a mass number of 28.

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3. An isotope has 21 neutrons and a mass number of 40.

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4. An isotope has an atomic number 51 and a mass number 123.

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5. Which of the isotopes in problems 1–4 are isotopes of the same element? Identify the element.

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Q13/ In the space at the left, write true if the statement is true; if the statement is false, change the
underlined term to make it true.

_________________1. An atom’s nucleus contains its protons and electrons.

_________________2. Neutrons have no electrical charge.

_________________3. Beta particles have a charge of 2+.

_________________4. An alpha particle consists of two protons and two electrons.

Q14/ Answer the question based on the data from the tables below

Data Table I is a chemist’s record of data about six isotopes.

1. Which of the isotopes listed are the same element? Explain your reasoning.

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2. Explain why the mass of each isotope is not a whole number.

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Upon further research, the chemist determined the percent abundance of each isotope.

These are listed in Data Table II below

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1. Assume that Isotope 1 is an isotope of element X and that all the isotopes of X are listed in Data
Table II. Determine the atomic mass of X. Show all your work.

2. Which isotope of X is most abundant? Least abundant?

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3. Which isotope of X has the greatest effect on the atomic mass of X? Explain why.
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4. If the chemist later discovered the following isotope, what could you conclude?

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