Al Dhafra Privet School – Al Ain

Facility of Science / Department of Chemistry

Term 2 – 2019/2020

Grade 7

Study sheet 1 – Atoms and subatomic particles

**The materials of this study sheet are not on your book, so make sure you do not lose it

Objectives:

At the end of this lesson, you need to be able to:

1. Explain that atoms are the smallest particles of matter and are made up of protons, neutrons,

and electrons.

2. Differentiate between protons, neutrons, and electrons in terms of their electrical charges,

masses and their location within the atom.

3. Identify the number of electrons occupying the first 3 electron shells.

4. Draw the atoms for the first 20 elements.

5. Recognize that the elements in the same group have the same number of electrons on the

outer shell.

6. Recognize that the elements in the same period have the same number of shells.

7. Relate the reactivity of group 8 (or zero) elements to the number of the electrons on their

outer shell.
 Read the information about the development of the periodic table and answer the
question that follow

John Newlands was one of the first chemists to arrange

the known elements in order of increasing atomic
mass. In 1866, he put forward the Law of Octaves.
He suggested that there was a repeating pattern of
elements with similar chemical properties every
eighth element, just like the eighth note of an
octave of music. A version of his periodic table is
shown below.

H Li G Bo C N O

F Na Mg Al Si P S

Cl K Ca Cr Ti Mn Fe

Co, Ni Cu Zn Y In As Se

Br Rb Sr Ce, La Zr Di, Mo Ro, Ru

Pd Ag Cd U Sn Sb Te

I Cs Ba, V Ta W Nb Au

Pt, Ir Os Hg Tl Pb Bi Th

 However, other chemists did not accept Newlands’ ideas. It was not until much
later that his contribution to the development of the modern periodic table was
recognized.
Q Write down one difference between the periodic table of John Newlands and Mendeleev’s
periodic table (the modern periodic table).

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

 Observe the periodic table below and then answer the questions

1) All the elements in the periodic table are made of three subatomic particles which are:
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
2) The atomic number = _________________________ or ________________________

3) The mass number = ________________________ + ____________________________

4) The number of electrons for oxygen atom is _________________

5) Calculate the number of neutrons for a magnesium atom (rounded mass number = 24)

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

 Fill in the table below with the symbol of the element, number of protons, electrons and

neutrons for each element

Name of the element Symbol of #Protons #Electrons #Neutrons

(rounded mass number) the
element
Fluorine (mass no. = 19)

Sodium (mass no. = 23)

Potassium (mass no. = 39)

Sulfur (mass no. = 32)

Argon (mass no. = 40)

 Fill in the table below with the symbol of the element, number of protons, electrons and

neutrons for each element

1) An atom contains 14 protons and 14 electrons. (Hint: use your periodic table)
a. What is its atomic number? _________________
b. What is the name of the atom? _________________
c. How many neutrons does it have? _________________

2) An atom contains 4 electrons and 5 neutrons. (Hint: use your periodic table)
 a. What is its atomic number? _________________
b. How many protons does it have? _________________
c. What is the mass of the atom? _________________
d. What is the name of the atom? _________________

3) An atom contains 32 protons and 48 neutrons.

a. What is its atomic number? __________________
b. How many electrons does it have? __________________
c. What is the mass of the atom? __________________
 Use the words in the box to fill in the blank
The third
Electron – neutron – nucleus – proton – shells shell can hold
a maximum of
1) The central part of an atom is called the ________________ _______
electrons.
2) The _________________ has a negative charge

3) The _________________ has no charge

4) The nucleus contains the ________________ and the

_________________

5) Electrons are found in __________________

6) The _________________ and the _______________ have

the same mass.

 Electron Configuration

Instructions

1. Identify the element’s atomic number.

2. Starting at the inner shell, add the correct number of electrons.

3. If the shell is full, you must move onto the next outer shell until you have added the correct number of
electrons.

The inner shell can The third shell can

hold a maximum of hold a maximum of
_______ electrons. _______ electrons.
 The second shell can The electronic
hold a maximum of configuration for
_______ electrons. the first three shells
is
_______________
 Fill in the electron shells with the correct number of electrons for each of the elements
below and then write the electronic configuration

Carbon Chlorine

Electronic configuration: ________________ Electronic configuration: ________________

Lithium Neon
 Complete the atomic structure for the first 20 elements of the periodic table by filling in the
shells with the correct number of electrons and then answer the questions below

For each element, use dots to show how many electrons are in each
shell. In the box below each atomic structure, write the electronic
configuration using the usual number notation.

6) All the elements in period four have _______________ shells.

** The outer shell is the last shell to be filled in an atom.

 ___________________________________________

9) How can elements reach the stability?

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

 Write down the electronic configuration of the below elements and then answer the

question below

a) Aluminum _______________________

b) helium ________________________

c) silicon ________________________

Which element is the most stable among the three? ______________________________

Why?_____________________________________________________________________