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4. What was the most important source of information on the life of Jesus?
A) A biography written by Paul of Tarsus
B) Roman census records
C) Oral tradition of early Christianity
D) Four Gospels of the New Testament
6. The early followers of Jesus, before the conversion of Paul of Tarsus, were mostly
A) Gentiles.
B) Essenes.
C) Jews.
D) Phoenicians.
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7. Before Augustus, the term imperator
A) originally meant "emperor."
B) was an honorific for a victorious general.
C) referred to the chief officer of the Senate.
D) meant "ruler of the East."
10. Roman poetry and prose during the "golden age" was characterized by which of the
following?
A) Focus on the divine
B) Celebration of the dignity of humanity
C) Advocacy of a life of austerity and hardship
D) Criticism of mankind
Page 2
12. Who were the Zealots?
A) Christians who believed that Jesus was the Messiah
B) Jews who wanted to expel the Romans from Judea
C) Followers of a new mystery religion
D) Followers of Asclepius
15. After the death of Nero, which Flavian Roman emperor appointed his son Titus to
command Roman forces in Judea, in order to put down a revolt among the Jews?
A) Marcus Aurelius
B) Vespasian
C) Nerva
D) Trajan
17. During the age of the five good emperors, the Roman army was
A) a source of economic stability and Romanization.
B) the cause of ongoing political unrest in the provinces.
C) composed of citizen-soldiers from Italy, with Roman officers.
D) greatly reduced in size and political influence.
Page 3
18. How did Vespasian transform the political system?
A) He turned the political system into a military dictatorship in which leading generals
served as his chief advisors.
B) He restored powers to the Senate in an effort to contain the growing authority of
the military.
C) He transformed the system into an open and admitted monarchy and expanded his
power by increasing the size of the bureaucracy.
D) He expanded the size of the military in order to undermine efforts by the
bureaucracy, under Senate control, to seize control over the imperial system.
19. Why did the emperor's power increase during the era of the five good emperors?
A) The expansion of the military required a single source of authority, which only the
emperor could provide.
B) The people of Rome demanded that one figure be placed in a position to protect
their interests, whom they could hold accountable for failure.
C) The five emperors were capable and efficient administrators, and the easiest way to
manage the empire was to expand their authority.
D) The imperial lands were held as personal property of the emperor, giving him a
decisive advantage over all political rivals.
Page 4
23. How did Roman rule in Asia Minor differ from that in northern Europe?
A) In northern Europe, the villa or country estate was the primary unit of political life,
while in Asia Minor, it was the city.
B) In northern Europe, clans controlled local politics under the umbrella of Roman
authority, while in Asia Minor, the Romans ruled directly.
C) In Asia Minor, local princes were retained as symbols of authority to quell any
local uprisings, while in northern Europe, the Romans ruled directly.
D) In Asia Minor, the mountainous terrain made it impossible for the Romans to
dominate the landscape, so they settled for controlling the sea coasts and a few
major cities.
24. What was the population of the city of Rome during the golden age?
A) Between 100,000 and 250,000
B) Two million
C) Between three million and four million
D) Nearly one million
26. In general, the relationship between Christians and Rome was characterized by
A) phases of toleration, with sporadic outbursts of persecution.
B) unrelenting persecution until the late fourth century.
C) mutual respect and toleration.
D) the failure of the Romans to distinguish between Judaism and Christianity.
27. Around the first century C.E., which of the following was a prediction associated with
the Jewish tradition of militant apocalypticism?
A) The Messiah would soon overthrow the Jewish tradition of law found in the Torah
and establish a new worship of God based on faith.
B) The Jewish state would be destroyed by the Roman legions but then reformed as a
heavenly empire in the next world.
C) The Messiah would soon return, destroy the Roman legions, and bring happiness
and plenty to the Jews.
D) The Messiah would arrive as a spiritual teacher and lead the true believers into the
desert so that they would be saved from the coming wars.
Page 5
28. What belief did the Roman Empire and early Christianity share?
A) Both believed that the state must be a religious entity.
B) Both believed that there must be only one religious system to which all must
adhere.
C) Both believed that political authorities must be submissive to religious authorities.
D) Both believed themselves participants in a universal enterprise.
29. Which of the following was true of the Roman government under Augustus?
A) It had the appearance of a republic.
B) It was dominated by rival warlords.
C) It divided power between the Senate, Augustus, and the people.
D) It was an avowed monarchy.
30. What does British historian Edward Gibbon's term "pax Romana" mean?
A) The Scourge of Rome
B) The Peace of Rome
C) The Age of Rome
D) The Growth of Rome
Page 6
34. In Evaluating the Evidence 6.2: Ovid, The Art of Love, Ovid states that "Hunters know
where to spread their nets for the stag in his covert, Hunters know where the boar
gnashes his teeth in the glade." What is his goal in this passage?
A) To instruct the reader on conducting business by comparing it to hunting
B) To instruct the reader on pursuing a lover by comparing it to hunting
C) To compare the skills of hunting stags and boars
D) To compare political skills to hunting
35. "Look, the bull, shining under the rough plough, falls to the ground . . . and releases his
dying groan. Sadly moves the ploughman, unharnessing the young steer grieving for the
death of his brother." This quote from Georgics is the work of which golden age poet?
A) Ovid
B) Horace
C) Virgil
D) Pliny
36. "Take heed not to be transformed into a Caesar. . . . Keep yourself therefore simple,
good, pure, grave, unaffected, the friend of justice, religious, kind, affectionate, strong
for your proper work." What emperor extols this advice in his collection Meditations?
A) Augustus
B) Vespasian
C) Marcus Aurelius
D) Titus
Page 7
37. According to Map 6.1: Roman Expansion Under the Empire, 44 B.C.E.–180 C.E., what
part of the Roman Empire was conquered in 4 C.E. and lost in 9 C.E.?
A) Dacia
B) Germania
C) Lycia
D) Armenia
38. Map 6.2: Production and Trade in the Pax Romana, ca. 27 B.C.E.–180 C.E. illustrates
Rome's massive trade routes and roads, which facilitated what movement during the
principate?
A) The arts
B) Migration
C) Democracy
D) Christianity
Page 8
39. Refer to Map 6.1: Roman Expansion Under the Empire, 44 B.C.E.–180 C.E. With the
loss of territory in Caledonia in 105 C.E., what emperor would build a massive wall
from the Irish Sea to the North Sea to protect Roman interests?
A) Nero
B) Hadrian
C) Titus
D) Vespasian
41. "Do not lay up for yourselves treasures on earth, where moth and rust consume and
where thieves break in and steal, but lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where
neither moth nor rust consumes and where thieves do not break in and steal." Who
offered this advice?
A) Horace
B) Marcus Aurelius
C) Virgil
D) Jesus
Page 9
42. In the aftermath of the civil wars that brought him to power, what was Augustus's first
and perhaps most important challenge?
A) To dismantle the Senate
B) To defeat rebellious generals
C) To fend off challenges to Roman rule in the east
D) To reconstruct the institutions and organs of government
44. Which of the following policies was put into place by Augustus?
A) Adultery was made a crime.
B) Slavery was abolished in the city of Rome.
C) Christianity was outlawed.
D) All Roman men were required to perform military service.
Page 10
48. According to Quintilian, what was the most important skill for an elite Roman man to
master?
A) Good manners
B) Dissimilation
C) Public speaking
D) Hand-to-hand combat
49. The most important medical researcher and physician working in imperial Rome was
A) Ovid.
B) Paracelsus.
C) Galen.
D) Hippocrates.
Page 11
Answer Key
1. D
2. A
3. B
4. D
5. C
6. C
7. B
8. D
9. D
10. A
11. B
12. B
13. D
14. A
15. B
16. B
17. A
18. C
19. C
20. B
21. A
22. A
23. A
24. D
25. B
26. A
27. C
28. D
29. A
30. B
31. B
32. D
33. D
34. B
35. C
36. C
37. B
38. D
39. B
40. C
41. D
42. D
43. A
44. A
Page 12
45. B
46. B
47. B
48. C
49. C
50. D
Page 13
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hoho!.. vier en vaif en nie g’nog! en dâ waa’s gain
duufel die ’t sàin f’rtuike kon.— [369]
[Inhoud]
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Ouë Gerrit was niet meer te houën. Laan in, laan uit
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Elk jaar was er gevaar voor hun oogst, elk jaar bracht
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felle teistering, zoo vernielend, over prachtbloei van
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schreiden bij ’t zien van hun gehavende rommelzooi,
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