Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1. Emerging adulthood officially begins when you have your first child.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 10.1 Emerging Adulthood
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.1.1 - What role transitions mark entry into adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
2. Cultures in the developing world tend to have specific practices for marking the transition from adolescence to
adulthood.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 10.1 Emerging Adulthood
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.1.1 - What role transitions mark entry into adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
3. Erikson saw young adulthood as involving the psychosocial conflict between generativity and stagnation.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 10.1 Emerging Adulthood
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.1.3 - What behavioral criteria mark the transition to adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
4. Young adults who return to live with their parents after college increase the rate at which they become independent
adults.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 10.1 Emerging Adulthood
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.1.4 - How does achieving financial independence reflect the transition to
adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
6. Most individuals do not reach their physical peak until their mid-30s.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 10.2 Physical Development and Health
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.2.1 - In what respects are young adults at their physical peak?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
7. Over 90 percent of adults age 18-44 claim that their health is good to excellent.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 10.2 Physical Development and Health
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.2.2 - How healthy are young adults in general?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
8. Lung, mouth, bladder, and cervix cancer are all linked to smoking.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 10.2 Physical Development and Health
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.2.3 - How do smoking, alcohol, and nutrition affect young adults’
health?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
9. Moderate drinkers have higher risks for cardiovascular disease than abstainers and heavy drinkers.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 10.2 Physical Development and Health
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.2.3 - How do smoking, alcohol, and nutrition affect young adults’
health?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
10. Limiting access to alcohol appears to be the most effective means of reducing the incidence of binge drinking in
college students.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 10.2 Physical Development and Health
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.2.3 - How do smoking, alcohol, and nutrition affect young adults’
health?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
11. An individual addicted to alcohol must demonstrate physical dependence on the drug.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 10.2 Physical Development and Health
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.2.3 - How do smoking, alcohol, and nutrition affect young adults’
health?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
13. Poverty and racism are key reasons for the poor health conditions found in inner-city neighborhoods.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 10.2 Physical Development and Health
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.2.4 - How does the health of young adults differ as a function of
socioeconomic status, gender, and ethnicity?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
14. The fact that your abilities can be altered with experience underlies the concept of plasticity.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.1 - What is intelligence in adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
18. Most children use reflective judgment when reasoning out real-life dilemmas.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.5 - What is postformal though? How does it differ from formal
operations?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
21. Young adults are the best at integrating emotions into their thinking.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.6 - How do emotion and logic become integrated in adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
23. According to McAdams, a life story helps organize the past events in a person’s life into a coherent sequence.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 10.4 Who do you want to be? Personality in Young Adulthood
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.4.1 - What is the life-span construct? How do adults create scenarios and
life stories?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
24. Possible selves become more numerous and varied the older a person gets.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 10.4 Who do you want to be? Personality in Young Adulthood
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.4.2 - What are possible selves? Do they show differences during
adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
25. An individual with a high sense of personal control believes that his or her actions are controlled by environmental
forces.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 10.4 Who do you want to be? Personality in Young Adulthood
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.4.3 - What are personal control beliefs?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
Multiple Choice
30. Yacef suddenly finds himself newly married and out of school with a new job. Yacef is experiencing
a. role transition.
b. reflective judgment.
c. possible selves.
d. fluid intelligence.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 10.1 Emerging Adulthood
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.1.1 - What role transitions mark entry into adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
31. Which markers best describe the transition into adulthood in most Western societies?
a. Markers that are loosely defined and can consist of any number of events
b. No markers, as adulthood is not viewed as unique time of life in most Western cultures
c. Markers that are specific and tied to marriage and/or having children
d. Markers that are differ by sex, with female transition clearly defined and male transition loosely defined
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 10.1 Emerging Adulthood
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.1.1 - What role transitions mark entry into adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
32. In most non-Western developing cultures, ____ is the most important determinant of adult status.
a. completing college
b. marriage
c. getting a job
d. having a child
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 10.1 Emerging Adulthood
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.1.1 - What role transitions mark entry into adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
33. As a female growing up in a developing nation, Ozemena’s transition to adulthood is most likely to be based on her
ability to
a. procreate.
b. protect.
c. provide.
d. profit.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 10.1 Emerging Adulthood
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.1.1 - What role transitions mark entry into adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
35. Smita is a young woman who has been dressed in an elaborate garment and is being separated from the rest of the
community. After three days of various rituals, she will be allowed back into the group as an adult. Smita is most likely
experiencing
a. a social clock.
b. possible selves.
c. a rite of passage.
d. implicit stereotyping.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 10.1 Emerging Adulthood
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.1.1 - What role transitions mark entry into adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
36. The youngest age at which most colleges label an individual as a returning adult student is ____.
a. 25
b. 35
c. 45
d. 55
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 10.1 Emerging Adulthood
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.1.2 - How does going to college reflect the transition to adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
37. Which of 26-year-old Tonya’s characteristics would qualify her as being a “returning adult student?”
a. The fact that she is leaving a job
b. Her age
c. The fact that she is the first in her family to go to school
d. Her sex
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 10.1 Emerging Adulthood
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.1.2 - How does going to college reflect the transition to adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
39. The desire to live life more fully by experiencing physical and emotionally threatening situations is known as
a. multidimensionality.
b. a rite of passage.
c. edgework.
d. plasticity.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 10.1 Emerging Adulthood
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.1.3 - What behavioral criteria mark the transition to adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
40. Nicola is 18 years old and engages in many risky behaviors. For example, she drives very fast and recklessly, and does
not use any protection when having sex. If Nicola is a typical adolescent, these behaviors will ____ when she gets older.
a. significantly increase in frequency
b. slightly increase in frequency
c. remain at the same frequency level
d. decrease in frequency
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 10.1 Emerging Adulthood
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.1.3 - What behavioral criteria mark the transition to adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
41. In what way is Cheyenne different from Ciara, her teenage daughter?
a. Cheyenne is more likely to have unprotected sex.
b. Cheyenne is less likely to speed while driving.
c. Ciara is more likely to comply with social norms.
d. Ciara is less likely to shoplift.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 10.1 Emerging Adulthood
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.1.3 - What behavioral criteria mark the transition to adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
42. Erikson would argue that 30-year-old Rollie is currently experiencing a crisis involving
a. trust versus mistrust.
b. identity versus role confusion.
c. autonomy versus shame and doubt.
d. intimacy versus isolation.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 10.1 Emerging Adulthood
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.1.3 - What behavioral criteria mark the transition to adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
44. Which individual has likely resolved intimacy issues before identity issues?
a. A high school student who is picking out a college at 17
b. A man who joined the work force at 18, and got married at 25
c. A woman who married at 22, had children, and went to college at 30
d. A woman who joined the military at 20
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 10.1 Emerging Adulthood
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.1.3 - What behavioral criteria mark the transition to adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
45. Research on Erikson’s theory of identity and intimacy produced which conclusion?
a. There are set pathways to achieving both identity and intimacy.
b. There are several ways to achieve identity but only one way to achieve intimacy.
c. There is only one way to achieve identity but several ways to achieve intimacy.
d. There are multiple pathways to achieving identity and intimacy.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 10.1 Emerging Adulthood
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.1.3 - What behavioral criteria mark the transition to adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
47. Which of Britney’s actions best exemplifies an attempt to achieve adult status?
a. Deciding that she was not old enough to handle the rigors of college
b. Her two marriages
c. Singing a duet with her younger sister
d. Her “wholesome” work as a young teen on the Disney channel
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 10.1 Emerging Adulthood
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.1.4 - How does achieving financial independence reflect the transition to
adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
49. Which statement by 25-year-old Flossie, who is typical for a person of her age, is most likely false?
a. “I am as strong as I will ever be.”
b. “I am a lot less coordinated than I used to be.”
c. “My hearing is not quite as good as it used to be.”
d. “My height has likely reached its peak.”
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 10.2 Physical Development and Health
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.2.1 - In what respects are young adults at their physical peak?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
50. The most likely sensory change between age 25 and 50 would involve
a. the loss of ability to taste sour foods.
b. a diminished ability to experience pain.
c. having trouble seeing things that are near.
d. the inability to hear high-pitched sounds.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 10.2 Physical Development and Health
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.2.1 - In what respects are young adults at their physical peak?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
51. Dr. Winslow is doing a health survey of 200 young adults. If this group is typical of young adults in the United States,
____ of them will say they are in good to excellent health.
a. 188
b. 164
c. 132
d. 106
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 10.2 Physical Development and Health
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.2.2 - How healthy are young adults in general?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
52. Kofi, a 27-year-old male living in the United States, recently died. What was the most likely cause of Kofi’s death?
a. Cardiovascular disease
b. Homicide
c. Cancer
d. An accident
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 10.2 Physical Development and Health
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.2.2 - How healthy are young adults in general?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
53. Based on statistics, which of these 30-year-old adults is most likely to die within a year?
a. Buster, a European-American male
b. Tamarick, an African-American male
c. John, an Asian-American male
d. Nik, a Native-American male
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 10.2 Physical Development and Health
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.2.2 - How healthy are young adults in general?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
54. Which group of males in the United States has the lowest incidence of death during young adulthood (age 25-34)?
a. Native Americans
b. African Americans
c. Latinos
d. Asian Americans
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 10.2 Physical Development and Health
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.2.2 - How healthy are young adults in general?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
55. Smoking represents a major medical problem in the United States, with about ____ people each year dying from
smoking-related disorders.
a. 4,000
b. 40,000
c. 400,000
d. 4,000,000
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 10.2 Physical Development and Health
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.2.3 - How do smoking, alcohol, and nutrition affect young adults’
health?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
58. All four of these people successfully quit smoking. Which person’s method was most typical of successful quitters?
a. Monette, who went to a treatment center
b. Chuck, who went to a psychologist
c. Mark, who went to his minister
d. Wendy, who quit on her own
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 10.2 Physical Development and Health
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.2.3 - How do smoking, alcohol, and nutrition affect young adults’
health?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
59. People who quit smoking after smoking for a long time
a. may not get worse, but their overall health will remain bad.
b. show significant improvements in their health.
c. will continue to deteriorate but at a slower rate.
d. will remain at risk for heart attack but not for cancer.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 10.2 Physical Development and Health
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.2.3 - How do smoking, alcohol, and nutrition affect young adults’
health?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
60. In the United States, about ____ percent of young adults ages 25 to 44 consume alcohol occasionally.
a. 90
b. 65
c. 30
d. 15
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 10.2 Physical Development and Health
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.2.3 - How do smoking, alcohol, and nutrition affect young adults’
health?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
61. Gallo drinks exactly two glasses of wine per day. As a result, Gallo can expect to
a. end up in a treatment center for alcoholism.
b. be at risk for cardiovascular disease.
c. be labeled a binge drinker.
d. experience some health-related benefits from his actions.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 10.2 Physical Development and Health
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.2.3 - How do smoking, alcohol, and nutrition affect young adults’
health?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
63. Jimmy goes to a party with his college buddies and has six beers in a row. Jimmy’s behavior would be best classified
as
a. alcoholism.
b. light drinking.
c. binge drinking.
d. purge drinking.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 10.2 Physical Development and Health
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.2.3 - How do smoking, alcohol, and nutrition affect young adults’
health?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
67. Jari is a frequent binge drinker. Which is he less likely to experience than his non-binge-drinking peers?
a. Unprotected sex
b. A hangover
c. Good grades
d. A sexually transmitted disease
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 10.2 Physical Development and Health
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.2.3 - How do smoking, alcohol, and nutrition affect young adults’
health?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
68. Which approach to diminishing binge drinking on college campuses appears to be least effective?
a. Student involvement in designing the intervention program
b. Programs that focus on younger drinkers
c. Changing the campus climate concerning alcohol consumption
d. Efforts based on limiting access to alcohol
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 10.2 Physical Development and Health
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.2.3 - How do smoking, alcohol, and nutrition affect young adults’
health?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
69. Amanda is physically dependent on alcohol and experiences withdrawal symptoms when she doesn’t drink. Amanda’s
experience with alcohol would be best described as
a. an addiction.
b. a rite of passage.
c. binge drinking.
d. healthy behavior.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 10.2 Physical Development and Health
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.2.3 - How do smoking, alcohol, and nutrition affect young adults’
health?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
72. Bernice is very interested in studying how the energy needs of the human body change through the life span. In other
words, Bernice is interested in studying
a. cholesterol.
b. metabolism.
c. lipoproteins.
d. addiction.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 10.2 Physical Development and Health
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.2.3 - How do smoking, alcohol, and nutrition affect young adults’
health?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
73. Sixty-year-old Norbert says, “When I was a teenager, I could eat five big meals a day and still feel hungry. Now a
couple of snacks can get me through the day.” What best accounts for this age-related change?
a. Lower metabolic rate
b. Higher blood sugar
c. Drop in thiamine level
d. Addition of muscle mass
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 10.2 Physical Development and Health
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.2.3 - How do smoking, alcohol, and nutrition affect young adults’
health?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
74. Richard has just been told by his physician that he should cut back on the amount of fat in his diet. His physician is
most likely concerned about the high amount of ____ in Richard’s blood.
a. vitamin D
b. high-density lipoproteins
c. low-density lipoproteins
d. carbohydrates
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 10.2 Physical Development and Health
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.2.3 - How do smoking, alcohol, and nutrition affect young adults’
health?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
77. Which statement best describes the relationship between LDLs and HDLs?
a. LDLs break down HDLs.
b. HDLs break down LDLs.
c. LDLs transform into HDLs.
d. HDLs transform into LDLs.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 10.2 Physical Development and Health
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.2.3 - How do smoking, alcohol, and nutrition affect young adults’
health?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
80. A doctor is most likely to recommend that you consume higher levels of ____ to increase your HDL level.
a. fiber
b. fat
c. sodium
d. yogurt
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 10.2 Physical Development and Health
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.2.3 - How do smoking, alcohol, and nutrition affect young adults’
health?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
81. Sheryl’s physician Dr. Crow has just indicated that she needs to begin to take statins. If Dr. Crow is competent, he
would know that Sheryl
a. suffers from clinically depression.
b. has just been diagnosed with ADHD.
c. suffers from alcoholism.
d. has a high level of LDL.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 10.2 Physical Development and Health
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.2.3 - How do smoking, alcohol, and nutrition affect young adults’
health?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
83. A doctor is attempting to determine how healthy you are. She uses a formula that contains information regarding your
height and weight. What is she most likely measuring?
a. LDL
b. BMI
c. HDL
d. ADA
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 10.2 Physical Development and Health
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.2.3 - How do smoking, alcohol, and nutrition affect young adults’
health?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
84. If Winchester weighs 100 kilograms (220 pounds) and is 2 meters tall (6 feet 5 inches), his BMI would be
a. 25.
b. 50.
c. 200.
d. 400.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 10.2 Physical Development and Health
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.2.3 - How do smoking, alcohol, and nutrition affect young adults’
health?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
86. Based solely on their BMI, how many of the following people are at risk for health-related diseases: Dick, BMI = 20;
Flick, BMI = 40; Hick, BMI = 60; Nick, BMI = 80?
a. one
b. two
c. three
d. four
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 10.2 Physical Development and Health
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.2.3 - How do smoking, alcohol, and nutrition affect young adults’
health?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
87. Socioeconomic status and ____ are the two most important social influences on health.
a. education
b. occupation
c. marital status
d. religious status
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 10.2 Physical Development and Health
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.2.4 - How does the health of young adults differ as a function of
socioeconomic status, gender, and ethnicity?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
89. Who has the lowest risk of dying from a chronic disease?
a. Gomez, who is a high school drop-out
b. Mortica, who is a high school graduate
c. Wednesday, who is college drop-out
d. Fester, who is a college graduate
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 10.2 Physical Development and Health
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.2.4 - How does the health of young adults differ as a function of
socioeconomic status, gender, and ethnicity?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
90. In the United States, the poorest health conditions are found in those living in
a. inner-city neighborhoods.
b. the South.
c. ethnic neighborhoods.
d. nursing homes.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 10.2 Physical Development and Health
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.2.4 - How does the health of young adults differ as a function of
socioeconomic status, gender, and ethnicity?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
91. Kali has a theory of intelligence that views it as being a combination of several factors such as fine motor skills,
cognitive ability, and emotional control. Kali’s theory is
a life-span construct.
a. multidirectional.
b. multidimensional.
c. conventional.
d. a life-span construct.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.1 - What is intelligence in adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
92. The biggest point of contention among theories who view intelligence as multidimensional concerns the debate over
a. the number of abilities that underlie intelligence.
b. the degree to which race determines intelligence.
c. which single aspect of intellect specifically defines intelligence.
d. whether an individual’s level of intelligence can be measured.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.1 - What is intelligence in adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
94. The fact that Molly’s spatial performance has declined while her verbal abilities have improved is support for the
notion that intelligence is
a. conventional.
b. multidimensional.
c. multidirectional.
d. a life-span construct.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.1 - What is intelligence in adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
95. The fact that a specific aspect of intelligence can be modified at any time during the life span exemplifies the concept
of
a. interindividual variability.
b. plasticity.
c. multidimensionality.
d. primary mental abilities.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.1 - What is intelligence in adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
96. Lai and Mei are sisters. As they have gotten older, Lai’s cognitive skills have improved while Mei’s have declined.
This is evidence for the ____ of abilities.
a. multidimensionality
b. multidirectionality
c. interindividual variability
d. Plasticity
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.1 - What is intelligence in adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
98. A baseball coach tells a pitcher, “With a little training, I think that you could learn to throw a knuckleball.” This
provides a good example of a belief in the ____ of an ability.
a. multidimensionality
b. plasticity
c. Multidirectionality
d. fluid nature
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.1 - What is intelligence in adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
99. After taking several college courses, Chuck’s short-term memory ability increased. This exemplifies the concept of
a. plasticity.
b. multidimensionality.
c. interindividual variability.
d. postformal thought.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.1 - What is intelligence in adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
100. Dr. Ique has organized her lecture on intellectual ability around different skills that she has placed into meaningful
groups. What would be the best title for Dr. Ique’s lecture?
a. Plasticity Forever
b. You and Your Primary Mental Abilities
c. Rites of Passage Around the World
d. Avoiding Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.2 - What are primary and secondary mental abilities? How do they
change?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
102. Dr. Merchant points to a picture of elephants and asks you to describe what you see in the picture. Dr. Merchant is
probably assessing
a. verbal meaning.
b. number.
c. word fluency.
d. inductive reasoning.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.2 - What are primary and secondary mental abilities? How do they
change?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
103. Mr. Brady’s talents as an architect are mostly due to his ability to visualize buildings in three-dimensions are they are
being designed. This suggests that Mr. Brady has outstanding ____ abilities.
a. inductive reasoning
b. spatial orientation
c. word fluency
d. number
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.2 - What are primary and secondary mental abilities? How do they
change?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
104. Brady has never seen an American football game. After watching about 20 plays, however, he is able to accurately
describe the general premise of the game. This ability suggests that Brady is skilled at
a. inductive reasoning.
b. number interpretation.
c. verbal meaning.
d. spatial orientation.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.2 - What are primary and secondary mental abilities? How do they
change?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
105. Schaie’s influential study on intellectual change over time utilizes the ____ research design he invented.
a. cross-sectional
b. longitudinal
c. sequential
d. postformal
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.2 - What are primary and secondary mental abilities? How do they
change?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
106. According to Schaie’s research, the fact that most 60-year-olds today would score higher on an intelligence test than
a group of 60-year-olds would have in 1940 is best explained by a cohort effect involving
a. age.
b. educational experience.
c. heredity.
d. drop-out rate.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.2 - What are primary and secondary mental abilities? How do they
change?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
107. Which factor is not identified by Schaie as a variable that helps reduce the risk of cognitive decline in old age?
a. Living in good housing
b. Having a flexible personality style
c. Being satisfied with life
d. Being single
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.2 - What are primary and secondary mental abilities? How do they
change?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
108. The ability to extrapolate from particular facts to general concepts is called
a. deductive reasoning.
b. inductive reasoning.
c. word meaning.
d. factual knowledge.
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.2 - What are primary and secondary mental abilities? How do they
change?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
114. Webster loves playing any game in which he can show off the large vocabulary that he has acquired. A competent
psychologist would suggest that this skill provides the best example of
a. crystallized intelligence.
b. postconventional thought.
c. fluid intelligence.
d. preconventional thought.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.3 - What are fluid and crystallized intelligence? How do they change?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
115. Someone who knows the answers to all the questions on Who Wants to Be a Millionaire would be exhibiting
a. fluid intelligence.
b. crystallized intelligence.
c. postformal thought.
d. reflective judgment.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.3 - What are fluid and crystallized intelligence? How do they change?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
116. Even though Jennings is only 22 years old, he is already the “king of trivia.” If Jennings is typical, his ability to do
well in trivia games will most likely
a. decline with age.
b. remain the same throughout his life.
c. increase with age.
d. increase until he is about 40, then decline dramatically.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.3 - What are fluid and crystallized intelligence? How do they change?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
118. If you wanted to show that age decreases a certain type of intelligence, you should focus on testing participants’
a. general intelligence.
b. fluid intelligence.
c. crystallized intelligence.
d. primary intelligence.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.3 - What are fluid and crystallized intelligence? How do they change?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
119. At what point in an average woman’s life would her crystallized intelligence scores be most significantly greater than
her fluid intelligence scores?
a. Birth
b. Puberty (around age 13)
c. Menopause (around age 43)
d. Retirement (around age 63)
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.3 - What are fluid and crystallized intelligence? How do they change?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
120. One of the most likely reasons for the typical developmental path for crystallized intelligence is that
a. practice tends to improve performance.
b. inherited skills tend to remain steady across the life span.
c. neuron pruning leads to a significant reduction in mental flexibility.
d. modern nutrition is better today than at any point in history.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.3 - What are fluid and crystallized intelligence? How do they change?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
121. Research suggests that the higher intelligence in young adulthood
a. is related to lower mortality in middle age.
b. does not provide a health advantage over the course of one’s life.
c. is related to neuron pruning that significantly reduces mental flexibility.
d. does not impact the organization of brain structures.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.4 - How has neuroscience research furthered our understanding of
intelligence in adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
122. The theory that proposes that intelligence comes from a distributed and integrated network of neurons in the parietal
and frontal lobes of the brain is called
a. parieto-frontal integration theory.
b. parietal distribution theory.
c. lobe integration network theory.
d. neuron network distribution theory.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.4 - How has neuroscience research furthered our understanding of
intelligence in adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
123. What is the main criticism of longitudinal research designed to determine when cognitive decline begins to occur?
a. Longitudinal research does not retain enough participants in the sample to answer questions on cognitive
decline.
b. Longitudinal research does not take into account the different experiences of each generation.
c. Retesting makes it difficult for participants to continue getting high scores on measures of cognitive
functioning.
d. Repeated testing masks the true point at which cognitive decline begins because participants improve with
each round of testing.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.4 - How has neuroscience research furthered our understanding of
intelligence in adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
124. Postformal adult thinkers differ from adolescent formal operational thinkers in that the adults are more likely to
a. use deductive logic.
b. consider situational circumstances.
c. be swayed by their own experience.
d. make quick decisions on complex problems.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.5 - What is postformal though? How does it differ from formal
operations?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
125. Helen has reached a point where she relies on the logical opinions of her professors to determine where she should
stand on different issues. Helen is most likely
a. at the end of her college career.
b. in the middle of her college career.
c. at the beginning of her college career.
d. a returning adult student.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.5 - What is postformal though? How does it differ from formal
operations?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
126. Which student is most likely to ask, “Are there any truths in the world?”
a. Ekoka, who is at the end of his college career
b. Farrell, who is in the middle of his college career
c. DaVon, who is beginning his college career
d. Zell, who is a returning adult student
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.5 - What is postformal though? How does it differ from formal
operations?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
127. According to Perry (1970), by the end of college, the most advanced students
a. acknowledge the right of others to hold opinions contrary to their own.
b. think in terms of absolute right and wrong.
c. prefer the ideas of others more than their self.
d. have learned to reject reflective judgment.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.5 - What is postformal though? How does it differ from formal
operations?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
130. When Satoru ponders the question, “How can light be both a wave and a particle?” he is engaging in
a. a role transition.
b. a rite of passage.
c. reflective judgment.
d. multidirectionality.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.5 - What is postformal though? How does it differ from formal
operations?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
131. When Lorenzo ponders the question, “How can women remain in abusive relationships?” he is engaging in
a. a role transition.
b. a rite of passage.
c. reflective judgment.
d. multidirectionality.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.5 - What is postformal though? How does it differ from formal
operations?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
132. Jason believes that gun control is absolutely wrong and that the right to possess guns is an absolute right. Jason
would probably be closest to the ____ stage of reflective judgment.
a. initial
b. halfway
c. later
d. last
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.5 - What is postformal though? How does it differ from formal
operations?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
133. Ralphie believes that following school rules is important because a teacher’s authority should not be questioned.
Ralphie would probably be closest to the ____ stage of reflective judgment.
a. initial
b. halfway
c. later
d. last
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.5 - What is postformal though? How does it differ from formal
operations?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
134. The statement, “Nothing in life can be known for certain” is most likely to be uttered by someone at the ____ stage
of reflective judgment.
a. initial
b. second
c. halfway
d. last
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.5 - What is postformal though? How does it differ from formal
operations?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
135. When making a court decision, Judge Ito says, “I try to come to reasonable solutions based on the basis of the best
arguments that I have available.” Judge Ito appears to be in the ____ stages of reflective judgment.
a. initial
b. second
c. halfway
d. later
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.5 - What is postformal though? How does it differ from formal
operations?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
137. The Blanchard-Fields (1986) classic study of dilemma-solving in high school students, college students, and middle-
aged adults found that
a. adult participants were most effective at integrating emotion into their thinking.
b. high school participants were most effective at solving everyday dilemmas.
c. college students thought at the most advanced levels on every type of dilemma.
d. the ability to solve dilemmas did not differ by age.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.6 - How do emotion and logic become integrated in adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
138. Which individual is most likely to effectively integrate emotion into their thinking?
a. A female high school student
b. A male college student
c. A female in her mid 30s
d. A male in his mid 40s
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.6 - How do emotion and logic become integrated in adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
139. The strength of one’s beliefs about rules, beliefs, and attitudes is linked to
a. specific situations.
b. personal control beliefs.
c. reflective judgment.
d. crystallized intelligence.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.6 - How do emotion and logic become integrated in adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
140. When encountering a specific situation, which of the following does not occur in the process of thinking about the
situation?
a. A spiritual reaction
b. An emotional reaction
c. Cognitive belief system activation
d. Social judgments
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.6 - How do emotion and logic become integrated in adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
141. The belief that “marriage is more important than a career” is most prevalent among which age group?
a. Children
b. Adolescents
c. Young adults
d. Older adults
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.6 - How do emotion and logic become integrated in adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
142. With regard to age, how did different age groups respond to the belief that “you can’t stop love”?
a. Young people endorse this rule.
b. Middle-aged people endorse this rule.
c. Both young and old people endorse this rule.
d. Both young and old people reject this rule.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.6 - How do emotion and logic become integrated in adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
143. Which of the following best describes the way middle-aged people think about a young couple that eloped over their
parents’ objection?
a. They emphasize the role that the parents should play in the situation.
b. They focus on respecting the parents in this situation.
c. They emphasize the pragmatic factors, such as age, in this situation.
d. They focus on the importance of love in this situation.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.6 - How do emotion and logic become integrated in adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
144. Which of the following impacts the development of social beliefs least?
a. Generational differences
b. Intellectual differences
c. The challenges at particular life stages
d. How emotion and cognition integrate
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.6 - How do emotion and logic become integrated in adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
145. A graph of the research on the social rule “you can’t stop true love” by age would likely show a
a. flat line.
b. steadily decreasing slope.
c. steadily increasing slope.
d. U-shaped curve.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.6 - How do emotion and logic become integrated in adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
147. Costanzia has a firm sense of her childhood, who she is as a person today, and how she will live her life in the future.
This constitutes Costanza’s
a. possible selves.
b. fluid intelligence.
c. life-span construct.
d. scenario.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 10.4 Who do you want to be? Personality in Young Adulthood
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.4.1 - What is the life-span construct? How do adults create scenarios and
life stories?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
148. Omar is thinking about a time to come when he will be married and have a family. This is an example of
a. an implicit stereotype.
b. a life story.
c. reflective judgment.
d. a scenario.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 10.4 Who do you want to be? Personality in Young Adulthood
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.4.1 - What is the life-span construct? How do adults create scenarios and
life stories?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
149. Harouna is thinking about graduating from graduate school and finding a job in which he can use his skills. This is an
example of
a. an implicit stereotype.
b. a life story.
c. a scenario.
d. reflective judgment.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 10.4 Who do you want to be? Personality in Young Adulthood
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.4.1 - What is the life-span construct? How do adults create scenarios and
life stories?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
151. Darren wants to be out of graduate school by age 25, married by age 30, and retired by age 50. This is an example of
a
a. life-span construct.
b. personal control belief.
c. life story.
d. social clock.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 10.4 Who do you want to be? Personality in Young Adulthood
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.4.1 - What is the life-span construct? How do adults create scenarios and
life stories?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
152. Gina is 40 years old and often reflects on her life. Special memories of childhood, high school, college, and her early
career all seem to fit together. This is Gina’s
a. life story.
b. life-span construct.
c. scenario.
d. possible selves.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 10.4 Who do you want to be? Personality in Young Adulthood
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.4.1 - What is the life-span construct? How do adults create scenarios and
life stories?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
154. According to McAdams, in Western society, coherent life stories are first formed in
a. infancy.
b. early adulthood.
c. middle adulthood.
d. old age.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 10.4 Who do you want to be? Personality in Young Adulthood
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.4.1 - What is the life-span construct? How do adults create scenarios and
life stories?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
155. Which of the following would best reflect a life story goal of communion?
a. Being a powerful CEO
b. Winning a Nobel prize
c. A lifelong love
d. Being your own person
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 10.4 Who do you want to be? Personality in Young Adulthood
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.4.1 - What is the life-span construct? How do adults create scenarios and
life stories?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
156. How many of these items could be elements of someone’s life story: emotions, main characters, and a legacy?
a. none
b. one
c. two
d. three
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 10.4 Who do you want to be? Personality in Young Adulthood
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.4.1 - What is the life-span construct? How do adults create scenarios and
life stories?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
158. Gabriella often thinks of herself as a mother and dreams of herself as an actress, but is afraid she’ll end up suffering
from alcoholism. These are examples of
a. stereotype threats.
b. possible selves.
c. reflective judgments.
d. life-span constructs.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 10.4 Who do you want to be? Personality in Young Adulthood
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.4.2 - What are possible selves? Do they show differences during
adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
161. ____ tends to be most important domain for hoped- and feared-for self in older age.
a. Intelligence
b. Wealth
c. Love
d. Health
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 10.4 Who do you want to be? Personality in Young Adulthood
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.4.2 - What are possible selves? Do they show differences during
adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
162. Who is most likely to believe that she will achieve her hoped-for self?
a. Allie, who is 25 years old
b. Alison, who is 50 years old
c. Ashley, who is 65 years old
d. Abby, who is 85 years old
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 10.4 Who do you want to be? Personality in Young Adulthood
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.4.2 - What are possible selves? Do they show differences during
adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
163. Kate thinks that no matter what she does, she will not be able to do well in her developmental psychology class. This
perception is a sample of Kate’s
a. rite of passage.
b. life story.
c. crystallized intelligence.
d. personal control beliefs.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 10.4 Who do you want to be? Personality in Young Adulthood
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.4.3 - What are personal control beliefs?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
164. Merlin believes that he can get what he wants if he tries hard enough. This indicates that he has ____ sense of
personal control.
a. no
b. a low
c. a moderate
d. a high
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 10.4 Who do you want to be? Personality in Young Adulthood
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.4.3 - What are personal control beliefs?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
165. Jim believes that he can improve his financial situation by getting a second job. Jim is exercising
a. primary control.
b. secondary control.
c. implicit stereotyping.
d. skill acquisition.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 10.4 Who do you want to be? Personality in Young Adulthood
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.4.3 - What are personal control beliefs?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
Completion
167. _______________ adulthood is the time when someone is more than an adolescent and less than a full adult.
ANSWER: Emerging
REFERENCES: 10.1 Emerging Adulthood
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.1.1 - What role transitions mark entry into adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
168. Rituals that mark the initiation to adulthood are known as rites of _______________.
ANSWER: passage
REFERENCES: 10.1 Emerging Adulthood
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.1.1 - What role transitions mark entry into adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
170. According to Erikson, the major psychosocial conflict of young adulthood involves _______________.
ANSWER: intimacy versus isolation
REFERENCES: 10.1 Emerging Adulthood
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.1.3 - What behavioral criteria mark the transition to adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
171. A female who drinks four or more drinks in a row is said to be _______________ drinking.
ANSWER: binge
REFERENCES: 10.2 Physical Development and Health
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.2.3 - How do smoking, alcohol, and nutrition affect young adults’
health?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
174. The ratio of body weight and height that is related to body fat is the _______________ index.
ANSWER: body mass
REFERENCES: 10.2 Physical Development and Health
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.2.3 - How do smoking, alcohol, and nutrition affect young adults’
health?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
175. The fact that some cognitive abilities improve with age and some decline with age illustrates the concept of
_______________.
ANSWER: multidirectionality
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.1 - What is intelligence in adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
176. The ability to understand relationships between concepts and to respond adaptively to new situations is termed
_______________ intelligence.
ANSWER: fluid
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.3 - What are fluid and crystallized intelligence? How do they change?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
177. The notion that truth varies by situation and ambiguity is the rule, not the exception, characterizes _______________
thought.
ANSWER: postformal
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.5 - What is postformal though? How does it differ from formal
operations?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
179. Tagging a future event to a specific age by which it will be completed creates a social _______________.
ANSWER: clock
REFERENCES: 10.4 Who do you want to be? Personality in Young Adulthood
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.4.1 - What is the life-span construct? How do adults create scenarios and
life stories?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
180. _______________ selves represent who we could become, regardless of whether that person is good or bad.
ANSWER: Possible
REFERENCES: 10.4 Who do you want to be? Personality in Young Adulthood
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.4.2 - What are possible selves? Do they show differences during
adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
181. Hillary’s confidence that she is capable of shaping her own career reflects a sense of strong _______________
beliefs.
ANSWER: personal control
REFERENCES: 10.4 Who do you want to be? Personality in Young Adulthood
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.4.3 - What are personal control beliefs?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
Essay
182. Describe “emerging adulthood” and how the “rite of passage” from adolescence into adulthood differs for people in
Western and non-Western societies.
ANSWER: Emerging adulthood is the period between late teens and mid- to late twenties when
individuals are not adolescents but are not yet fully adults. Rites of passage are rituals
marking initiation into adulthood. In Western society, rites of passage are less formalized and
hard to identify. In non-Western societies, there is more evidence of rites of passage rituals
and they have not changed much over time. Older adults lead young people through the same
rites they themselves experienced years earlier. Some tribal cultures mark the transition to
adulthood in public ways so that the whole community can witness it.
REFERENCES: 10.1 Emerging Adulthood
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.1.1 - What role transitions mark entry into adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
183. Discuss the special conflict that Erikson believed marked young adulthood. Then describe how an individual could
best resolve this conflict.
ANSWER: Intimacy versus isolation is the sixth stage in Erikson’s theory and the major psychosocial
task for young adults. Once a person’s identity is established, Erikson believed that he or she
is ready for intimacy. One study found that a stronger sense of identity was related to higher
levels of intimacy in young adults. Erikson believed that without a clear sense of identity,
young adults would be afraid of committing to a long-term relationship with another person
or might become overly dependent on the partner for his or her identity.
REFERENCES: 10.1 Emerging Adulthood
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.1.3 - What behavioral criteria mark the transition to adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
184. Provide both supporting and refuting evidence for the statement, “Physical abilities peak in one’s 20s.” Be sure to
discuss specific physical/sensory abilities, rates of death, and how the lifestyle factor of smoking impact health in middle
age.
ANSWER: Physical strength, coordination, and dexterity peak during the late twenties and early thirties,
declining slowly throughout the rest of life. Sensory acuity is also at its peak in the early
twenties. Visual acuity remains high until middle age, when people tend to become far-
sighted and require glasses for reading. Hearing begins to decline somewhat by the late
twenties, especially for high-pitched tones. Because they are so healthy overall, American
young adults rarely die from disease, but do die from accidents. Smoking is the biggest
contributor to health problems. Smoking has a significant negative impact on cognitive
functioning in adults over age 50. Smoking can damage every part of the body through
cancers and chronic diseases.
REFERENCES: 10.2 Physical Development and Health
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.2.1 - In what respects are young adults at their physical peak?
KAIL.HDEV.16.10.2.2 - How healthy are young adults in general?
KAIL.HDEV.16.10.2.3 - How do smoking, alcohol, and nutrition affect young adults’
health?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
185. Alcohol consumption represents a major risk to health. First, describe how the amount of alcohol consumed
influences its impact on health. Second, discuss the topic of binge drinking. Be sure to describe both its impact and ways
of reducing this behavior.
ANSWER: Moderate alcohol drinkers have a reduction in risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke than
either abstainers or heavy drinkers. Binge drinking is a type of drinking defined for men as
consuming five or more drinks in a row and for women as consuming four or more drinks in
a row within the past two weeks. Binge drinking is a major health problem in the U.S.
Students between the ages of 17 and 23 are more likely than older students to binge drink.
They are significantly more likely to binge drink if alcohol is readily available, if they are a
member of a fraternity or sorority, or if they feel positively about what they are doing. Binge
drinking can lead to driving under the influence and alcohol-related date rape. Programs
designed to reduce binge drinking behavior focus on establishing a low tolerance for the
antisocial behaviors associated with binge drinking; working with athletes, fraternities, and
sororities; changing the expectations of incoming freshmen; and increasing the number of
nonalcoholic activities available to students.
REFERENCES: 10.2 Physical Development and Health
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.2.3 - How do smoking, alcohol, and nutrition affect young adults’
health?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
186. Lee is a 30-year-old poor, uneducated, African-American male. His friend Dee is a 31-year-old wealthy, college-
educated Caucasian female. How would you expect that their education, sex/gender, and ethnicity would impact their
health statuses?
ANSWER: The two most important social influences on health are socioeconomic status and education.
Socioeconomic status is a strong predictor of having access to insurance and good health
care. Education is a good predictor of living a healthy lifestyle and avoiding certain diseases.
In some parts of the world, gender differences matter for accessing quality health care.
However, if Lee and Dee live in the U.S. gender would not be a factor that impacts their
health statuses. Lee is more likely to have more health problems than Dee since he is poor
and uneducated.
REFERENCES: 10.2 Physical Development and Health
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.2.4 - How does the health of young adults differ as a function of
socioeconomic status, gender, and ethnicity?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
187. Describe why the terms multidimensional, multidirectional, interindividual variability, and plasticity may be the most
accurate way to describe intelligence in adulthood.
ANSWER: Most theories of intelligence are multidimensional and identify several types of intellectual
abilities. Over time, the various abilities underlying adults intelligence shows
multidirectionality in which some aspects of intelligence improve while others decline during
adulthood. These patterns of change also vary from one person to another which is called
interindividual variability. Plasticity is the concept that intellectual abilities are not fixed, but
can be modified under the right conditions at just about any point in adulthood. These terms
reflect our understanding of intelligence as having many components and these components
showing varying development in different abilities and different people.
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.1 - What is intelligence in adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
188. Compare and contrast primary versus secondary intellectual abilities and fluid versus crystallized intelligence. Then
discuss the developmental path of each between adolescence and older adulthood.
ANSWER: Primary mental abilities are groups of related intellectual skills while secondary mental
abilities are broader intellectual skills that subsume and organize the primary abilities. Fluid
intelligence consists of the abilities that make you a flexible and adaptive thinker, that allow
for inferences, and allow for understanding of relationships among concepts. Crystallized
intelligence is that knowledge you have acquired through life experience and education in a
particular culture. Crystallized intelligence is based partly on the quality of a person’s
underlying fluid intelligence. Fluid intelligence declines throughout adulthood, whereas
crystallized intelligence improves.
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.2 - What are primary and secondary mental abilities? How do they
change?
KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.3 - What are fluid and crystallized intelligence? How do they change?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
189. Why is postformal thought considered to be the most advanced level of thinking? Does the stage theory of reflective
thought fit with this notion?
ANSWER: Postformal thought is thinking characterized by recognizing that the correct answer varies
from one situation to another, that solutions should be realistic, that ambiguity and
contradiction are typical, and that subjective factors play a role in thinking. Reflective
judgment is the way in which adults reason through real-life dilemmas. Reflective judgment
illustrates the development of thinking in adulthood and supports the notion of postformal
thought as the most advanced level of thinking. In Stages 6 and 7, individuals show true
reflective judgment, understanding that people construct knowledge using evidence and
argument after careful analysis of the problem or situation.
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.5 - What is postformal though? How does it differ from formal
operations?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
190. Describe how the integration of emotion into thinking changes through the stages of reflective judgment.
ANSWER: There are differences between how late adolescents or young adults view an emotionally
charged issue compared with the views of middle-aged adults. Younger people may view
unethical behavior at work as completely inexcusable, with firing of the employee an
inescapable outcome. Middle-aged adults may take the contextual factors into account and
consider what factors may have forced the person to engage in the behavior. Middle-aged
adults are better able to integrate emotion into thinking than late adolescents or young adults.
REFERENCES: 10.3 Cognitive Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.3.6 - How do emotion and logic become integrated in adulthood?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
191. Discuss your own development using the concepts of a life-span construct scenario, a social clock, a life story, and
possible selves.
ANSWER: Scenario is a manifestation of the life-span construct through expectations about the future.
One example is planning to complete a doctoral program in psychology. Social clock is
tagging future events with a particular time or age by which they are to be completed. One
example is planning to be a licensed psychologist within two years after graduating from a
doctoral program. A life story is a personal narrative that organizes past events into a
coherent sequence. A life story may start with me describing how I chose and applied to
doctoral programs, how I decided where to attend, and how I arrived at my new school.
Possible selves represent what we could become, what we would like to become, and what
we are afraid of becoming. Some examples include professional psychologist, competitive
rock climber, and collaborative partner in marriage.
REFERENCES: 10.4 Who do you want to be? Personality in Young Adulthood
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.4.1 - What is the life-span construct? How do adults create scenarios and
life stories?
KAIL.HDEV.16.10.4.2 - What are possible selves? Do they show differences during
adulthood?
KAIL.HDEV.16.10.4.3 - What are personal control beliefs?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
192. A friend hears that you are taking a course in human development and asks you to help her make sense of the
nutrition-related terms metabolism, LDL, HDL, and BMI. Provide a written response in which you describe the role that
each of these play in one’s health.
ANSWER: Metabolism refers to the amount of energy the body needs. Body metabolism slows with age.
LDL and HDL are two types of cholesterol. LDL refers to low-density lipoproteins that are
harmful as they cause fatty deposits to accumulate in arteries and result in impeded blood
flow. HDL refers to high-density lipoproteins that are beneficial to health as they break down
LDL and help clear the arteries. The key to good health is a low level of LDL and a high
level of HDL. Your body mass index (BMI) is the ratio of body weight to height and reflects
your total body fat. A BMI of less than 25 is considered healthy.
193. Describe the concept of personal control beliefs, both primary and secondary.
ANSWER: Personal control belief refers to the degree to which you believe your performance depends
on something you do. An individual with a high sense of personal control believes that his
performance is under his control. Primary control involves behaviors affecting one’s external
world (e.g., working a second job to increase earnings). Due to its relationship to biological
factors, the development of primary control is very low in childhood, high in middle age, and
very low in later life. Secondary control involves behaviors or cognitions affecting the
person’s internal world (e.g., believing that you can succeed when facing a challenge).
REFERENCES: 10.4 Who do you want to be? Personality in Young Adulthood
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KAIL.HDEV.16.10.4.3 - What are personal control beliefs?
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Thinking Critically
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
The Project Gutenberg eBook of Dogs as home
companions
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United
States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away
or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License
included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you
are not located in the United States, you will have to check the
laws of the country where you are located before using this
eBook.
Author: A. F. Hochwalt
Language: English
BY
A. F. HOCHWALT
AUTHOR OF
“Dogcraft,” “The Pointer and the Setter in America,”
“The Modern Pointer,” “The Modern Setter,” “The
Working Dog and His Education,” “Practical
Dog Keeping for the Amateur,” “The Airedale
for Work and Show,” “Arrows of
Ambition,” etc.
1922
Sportsman’s Digest
Cincinnati, Ohio
Copyright, 1922
Sportsman’s Digest
All Rights Reserved
DEDICATION.
To all the many men, women and children
scattered about over all the world,
who love dogs and keep one or more as
their home companions.
INTRODUCTION.
Most people are interested in dumb animals, but every normal
person loves a dog; it is the heritage of the ages. The man or the
woman who hates a good dog is abnormal. There is something
fundamentally wrong in their psychical makeup. How often we hear
of people of this class who say they can see nothing friendly or
desirable in any dog; that they are all alike; vicious and treacherous.
The story of the man who writes articles in newspapers and
pamphlets advocating the destruction of all dogs because they are a
menace to mankind is a common one in every part of the world. A
story is told of one of this class—a New England money lender—
who took great pains to besmirch the character of the dog in public
and private. His contention was that any dog would bite, and as
proof, circulated a story that a little nondescript dog actually followed
him aboard a street car and bit a piece out of his leg! Perhaps this is
the truth and on the other hand, it may be manufactured out of the
whole cloth, but it is to be hoped that it is so, for it only proves what
keen perceptions dogs have. Every dog recognizes his friends
among humankind with one glance at a person’s face. The dog is a
better student of human nature than any other animal—biped or
otherwise—and the dog that shuns one person and loves another
knows from instinct and perception how to distribute his likes and
dislikes. Therefore, those who see nothing but viciousness in the
canine race have no one but themselves to blame; the dog knows
his enemies at sight. To that class who are dog haters, this book is
not addressed and they are advised to lay it aside before going
farther.
There are many, however, who love dogs, who understand them and
appreciate their many good qualities, for Dogs as Home
Companions, have been cherished since time immemorial. A dog is
like one of the family in many a household, for those who really
understand him are aware that mentally he is not far removed from
the human race, and emotionally is practically the latter’s equal.
Perhaps some may smile at this assertion, but nevertheless it is a
fact.
This book is for the dog lover; not he who raises dogs for show
purposes or as a commercial pursuit, though that is a most laudable
enterprise, but he who loves the companionship of an intelligent dog
and appreciates him for his real qualities as a home companion. As
guardian of the house, a faithful ally to share in the joys and the
sorrows of the household; or as a boon companion of the children. In
short, a dog which is, to all intents and purposes, “one of us.”
There are many people in the world, of this class, and as many more
who would have a dog, if they knew how to keep one, for deep down
in their subconsciousness the love of the dog is there. To those, this
book may be of help; it may prove that a dog in the home is like a
regenerating influence; and many a family needs regeneration.
There are still many more who feel that they would like a dog for
home and children if one could be kept in the city in a satisfactory
manner. It is true that the dweller in flats could not have a St.
Bernard or a Great Dane tagging about with him, but in many a flat
small dogs are harbored and live their lives in the companionship of
their human friends as happily, if not more so, than those dogs which
live in kennels.
I have no brief for the hot-house dog, however, or those that are not
living at least part of the time in the open, if it is necessary to give
him the entire run of the house, the best chairs to lounge upon day
and night, or perchance, the center of a nice, clean counterpane in
the best bedroom. That is not my idea of keeping a dog, but
nevertheless there is no reason why any person should live a
dogless life simply because his home is in the city.
The dog lover, intending to become the owner of the dog, should first
consider the facilities he has for keeping one and after the pros and
cons have been carefully gone over, when a thorough inventory of
the situation has been taken, then he should decide what breed is
best suited for his particular case. That is the object of this book; to
investigate the various breeds suitable for city life, to point out the
best way to care for the dog in health and in disease and to give
such little hints about dog keeping that the novice or one-dog owner
may put to good use under any contingency that may arise during
the life of his pet.
CHAPTER I.
Suitable Breeds. Group One—Toys.