20

Healt h &
Wel ln es s

Unit 3
21
46
 Lesson 2
How could you help people
facing health problems?
Can understand high frequency language in personal written accounts
­expressed in prose when given regular use of a dictionary

Can understand the main points of what is said in a straightforward monologue

Can highlight the personal significance of events and experiences

Can list advantages and disadvantages regarding a subject of personal interest

using simple language to justify opinions

Can use Past Perfect Simple and Past Perfect Continuous in correct contexts

Can review Contrastive Stress

How could you keep your

loved ones healthy?
Can understand longer, factual texts, recognizing implicit opinions held
by the writer

Can follow the outline of short straightforward talks on familiar topics

Can give detailed presentations on a range of subjects, expanding and

supporting ideas with examples

Can relate events in a story to similar events they have experienced or

heard about

Can use more complex Linkers to express sequence in a text

47
 Develop Your Language
aturedApps
Fe
01 How often do you go to the doctor? Ask ten classmates if they go to a
doctor to prevent or to cure an illness and why. Write your classmates’ names
in the spaces below according to their answers. Then, discuss your reasons.

To Prevent To Cure

02 Go to your printed Awesome Reader and Writer and read “The

Greatest Wealth Is Health.” Write five new words you learned with some
missing letters in the spaces below. Take turns with a classmate to guess
each other’s words.

03 Which of the characters would you like to be friends with? Why?

Write your answers in the space below.

48 Lesson 2 KEY WORDS doctoral epidemic fall ill give back gratitude help out inhabitant
 04 How does it feel to help someone who is ill? Write
your answers in the organizer and compare them with
a classmate.

When I help
someone,
I feel
06 Listen again and write the main points
of the monologue in your own words. Then,
compare your answers with a classmate.
Brain Drain

05 Listen to a monologue by an African

doctor. Then, answer the questions by writing
“Zarah,” “Amara,” “both,” or “none.”
Brain Drain

1. Who moved to South Africa?

2. Who studied in the United States?

3. Who paid for their doctoral studies?

4. Who helped out during the Ebola epidemic? 

5. Who traveled to Uganda?

07 Work in groups of five and give a one-minute
presentation about a time when you helped someone. Take
notes on your classmate’s presentation in the space below.
ur relationship
How can you improve yo
with your family?

migrate outbreak research 49

 01 Work in pairs and take turns to answer the
following questions.
› What would you do if you were ill and there was no
medicine or hospitals around you?
› Who helps diseased people in your community?
› How do you think impoverished countries support
diseased people?
02 Read “Partnerships for Africa” and write
the advantages and disadvantages of the
mentioned partnerships.
Advantages
Disadvantages
03 Read the text again and underline four
phrases that are used to justify opinions.
Then, share your answers with a classmate.
SPACE
Technology used in space exploration
has inspired the development of many
medical devices. For example, NASA
innovations have, partly, set the basis for
the transmission of medical images and
ultrasound scanning. Understanding orbital
space suits have served to develop remote
health-monitoring sensors. Can you think of
other space inventions that can be used for
medical purposes?
50 Lesson 2 KEY WORDS agent arrangement decisive evidence government healthcare public
Partnerships for Africa
Although the facts suggest that Public-Private
Partnerships (PPPs), which are collaborative
arrangements between governments and the private
sector, have positively impacted the African health
system, this is true only to some extent.
There are three main reasons why I see PPPs as
beneficial. The main reason is that, through such
partnerships, governments maximize healthcare
funding to attain better results with the available
budget. A second reason is that both sectors, public
and private, equally contribute to a given cause and
thus similarly benefit from the outcome. A third reason
is that PPPs show the significance of joint efforts to
achieve a common goal.
Notwithstanding the advantages of PPPs, these
can have some disadvantages. Firstly, for-profit
partnerships can trigger citizens’ distrust towards
the government. Secondly, given the arrangements
that bring the two parties closer and where financial
contributions combine, PPPs are often confused
with privatization. Thirdly, PPPs involving large-scale
humanitarian efforts tend to diminish the participation
of local initiatives.
While there is evidence in favor of PPPs, facts show the
negative side of these collaborations. In my opinion, a
more precise understanding of PPPs is crucial so that
citizens, the government, and the private sector are
informed about the nature of PPPs.
04 If you could choose between increasing or reducing the number
of PPPs, what would you do? Use the phrases from Exercise 3 to
justify your opinion.
05 Work in groups of four. List the advantages and
disadvantages of a controversial topic related to health.
Then, two of you will write your opinion according to the advantages
and the other two according to the disadvantages. (100 words max.)
 06 Think about three events that can completely change people’s lives for the
better. Write your answers in the organizer and share them with two classmates.
Life-Changing Events

1.

2.

3.

07 Listen to an interview and write 1 – 5 according to the order each

expression is mentioned.
Community Health Agent

a turning a crucial a decisive

point moment moment

completely a transformative
life-changing experience

08 Listen again and write four crucial events that happened

to the interviewee.
Community Health Agent

Event 1 Event 2 Event 3 Event 4

09 Which experience has changed your life in a

positive way? What did you learn? Make a drawing in
your notebook that represents a life-changing
experience and describe it to a classmate using
the expressions from Exercise 7.

sector tend to transmission 51

 01 If you could volunteer to help diseased people,
where would you go? Write your answers and interview
two classmates. Discuss your reasons.
Away from Home
I​ was not looking forward to flying back to Stockholm. I
remember feeling a growing void in my stomach as the
Me Classmate 1 Classmate 2 plane took off that day.

I had completed the two-year Foundation Program after

medical school when I heard about the call for doctors
to volunteer in Zambia. Despite my medical experience,
I had never worked in under-resourced environments. I
had worked in different European contexts and treated
difficult cases but never had I worked on mobile medical
clinics nor treated mixed infectious diseases. I was not
wholly sure about applying.

02 Read “Away from Home.” Then, complete the Five months later, I woke up 8,000 km away from
organizer with the correct information. home in Zambia. My primary task was to bring medical
care to remote villages. After six months, I had been
Character Setting running dozens of health education workshops and I
had led the community-health-worker training program
twice. One day, I had been driving an off-road vehicle
for hours when a truth struck me: I was absolutely
mesmerized by the traditional living, the wild sound of
the falls, the calm green valleys, and the stellar sunsets.

And this was how, while looking at the African sun and
saying farewell through the plane window, I realized
that I had been working in the bush and camping in
village schools for over a year but I was never away
Problem Solution from home. The solid, cold walls of a hospital did not
feel right anymore. I flew back to Africa a year later and
I have lived here ever since.

04 Classify the sentences in Exercise 3 into those

that were in progress and those that were completed
in the past. Write the number of the statements in the
spaces below.

03 Read the text again and circle the statements that Progress
are false.

1. I had completed my medical studies.

Completed
2. I had worked in deprived contexts.

3. I had been working in the bush and camping in village

schools for over a year when I had to leave. Ho w
cou
4. I had worked abroad before. afr ld
i
you health

5. I had been driving an off-road vehicle for hours when I had

can
co n ?

an important realization.
tribut

6. I had worked extensively on mobile medical clinics.

e to

7. After six months, I had given training three times.

52 Lesson 2 KEY WORDS clinic context disease extensively infectious primary remote
 05 Read the true statements in Exercise 3 again and match the
information below. Then, read the Language Key to check
your answers.
Language Key
is used to talk about temporary events in
the past that preceded past actions. Past Perfect can take a simple or a
continuous form.

Past Perfect Past Perfect Simple is used to

Simple emphasize the completion of an event that
is used to talk about events that were still
happened before a past event.
continuing before an event in the past.

Past Perfect Example:

Continuous I had taken the medicine when I noticed it
was the wrong pill.
is used to talk about completed actions
that occurred before an event in the past. Past Perfect Continuous is used to
highlight that an action was in progress
before a past event occurred. It is also used
to emphasize that an action was temporary.
06 Complete the sentences with the correct form of Past Perfect
using one of the verbs in the boxes below. Example:
I had been looking for my prescription all
morning when I remembered I had left it on
develop migrate study the counter.

volunteer work

1. Doctors from African countries                   07 Tell a classmate about the last time you
to America for years. were at a hospital. Describe two activities
that had been completed before going and
2. Governments in African countries                   two more you had been doing before falling
partnerships with the private sector by 2002. ill. Use the space below to take notes.
3. Several volunteers                   in Zambia
during the epidemic.

4. I                   for the final medical exams

for a month.

5. She                   in a health care center by

the time she applied to go to Cambodia.

08 Go to your Photo Bank W3PB1 and look at the

pictures. Have you ever experienced one of those
situations? Write a short paragraph about your experience
in your notebook. Include details about activities you had
been doing or had done before the event.

treat under-resourced workshop 53

 01 Access to clean water helps us prevent different illnesses but
households sometimes run out of water. Work with a classmate and Contrastive Stress is an extra
brainstorm tasks that are difficult when there is no water at home. accentuation used to contrast
specific information. It is used to correct

PRONUN CIATION BOX

wrong information.

Example:
Africa accounts for 21% of the global
burden of disease.
No, Africa accounts for 25% of the global
burden of disease.

The number five must be stressed as this

is the correct number.

04 Read the Pronunciation Box and then the

02 Listen to a conversation about a school conversation extracts. Circle the words or syllables
project. Then, fill in the chart with the with contrastive stress.
correct information.
Taking Care of Water 1. A: Africa is a country that needs help.
B: You mean, Africa is a continent that needs help.

2. A: Well, we all know that water is insufficient, right?

Topic
B: Water is sufficient, what we lack is infrastructure.

3. A: Latrines are improved sanitation facilities.

B: I am afraid, latrines are unimproved sanitation facilities.

Subtopic
05 Write three sentences that are obviously wrong.
Work with a classmate and take turns to read and correct
your sentences. Remember to mark and use Contrastive
Themes Stress where necessary.
of
Statistics

Term

03 Listen again and complete the

statements below.
Taking Care of Water

1. The presentation is on            .

2.            of the African population lacks

access to improved sanitation facilities such as flush toilets.

3. Two            people are at risk of reduced

access to fresh water.

4. There are            algebra lessons left.

5. It’s the            week before the Easter break.

54 Lesson 2
Apply Your Knowledge

01 For questions 1 – 8, read the text below and think of the word which best
fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap.

Poverty and Health Issues in Africa

While weak government actions seem to be causing insufficiencies in public health, poverty

is still the 1.             determinant of health issues that 2.             of African

countries face.

Weak health systems make the prevention of diseases a considerably hard task. Preventive measures are particularly
challenging given three main problems of several African countries. One of them is the fact that competent health

professionals 3.             looking for a better quality of life outside their home countries. Due to
corruption, medical products do not reach those in need. Even access to sanitation facilities and drinking water is
a luxury. These issues are linked to limitations imposed by social class. Since prevention of diseases is particularly

hard in 4.             with extreme poverty and weak health systems, 5.             is

necessary to reveal problems affecting the poor and develop suitable strategies to prevent 6.            
rather than cure them.

Local and national 7.             must strengthen partnerships to improve 8.            

systems and promote sound research aimed at preventing health issues.

02 For sentences 1 – 3, complete the second sentence so that it 03 Go to your Photo Bank W3PB2 and
has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Change the word given to look at the pictures. Discuss with a
fill in the gaps. Use two to five words. classmate the questions below.

SUBMISSION › Most people go to the doctor for curative

I                  purposes. Do you think that a preventive
Despite my
approach is possible?
attempts, I hadn’t                    
› What are the advantages of preventive
sent my application my volunteering application when my
care systems?
to volunteer as my computer broke down.
› Why do you think most people overlook
computer stopped
the prevention of diseases?
working.

LIVE My co-worker              

My co-worker                      
temporarily lived in in Africa to help at a community
Africa to help at a health center.
community health
center.

PROMOTION PPPs                 

PPPs had                    

contributed to curing a culture of prevention.
diseases instead of
creating a culture of
prevention.

55
 Writing Time!
Go to the “Writing Process” section of this unit in your printed Awesome
Reader and Writer and work on your third step: Organizing.

01 03 05 Publishing &
Brainstorming Drafting Assessing

Analyzing Organizing Editing

02 04 06

Word Bank
Write any difficult words you are learning
this week. Use meanings, drawings, or
anything you want to help you remember
these words.

Health App
You have brainstormed how your app will work. You have
defined its purpose, market, and potential features. Now it is
time to organize it all.

1. First, discuss with your classmates and map out the

functionalities and buttons of your app.
2. Make sure both features align with the purpose and will
appeal to the target market.
3. Follow the prototype of your app as a visual guide to
design the model.

As you organize your app model, create an outline for your

essay. Decide which ideas you will include and get rid of the
rest. Group similar ideas and order them so you know what
you will write about in each paragraph.

56 Lesson 2
Test Yourself

B2 First – Reading and Use of English – Part 3

For questions 1 – 8, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end
of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an
example at the beginning (0).

Doctors Without Borders

In a world like ours with so many problems, people need to start thinking about how to be

(0)                 helpful to others. There are many groups that dedicate their HELP
efforts to different human and environmental causes, but I would like to focus on a very
special one.

I first knew about Doctors Without Borders (MSF) through my sister. She is a

(1)                 designer and is passionate about social change. GRAPH

While researching the topic of her final dissertation, she discovered this independent, global

(2)                 devoted to providing medical ORGANIZE

(3)                 where it is most needed. ASSIST

One of their most (4)                 campaigns was “Medicine for POWER

Someone Else’s Pain.” The campaign was an (5)                 project that AWARE
ran from November 2010 to February 2011 involving thousands of pharmacies around Spain.
Pharmacies sold one-euro packets of pills, which were actually sweets, to “alleviate” others’ pain.
The amount raised was used to fund different projects including one in Zimbabwe that treated

HIV/AIDS patients. Through empathy and by making (6)                 GIVE

more tangible, this campaign (7)                 in both creating SUCCESS

emotional connections between (8)                 and patients as well SUPPORT

as drawing the attention and support of millions.

For this part of the test, you will prove your

knowledge of vocabulary. This section consists of a
gapped text. You need to read the word at the end of
some of the lines to form a word that fills each gap. Here
are some tips to help you complete this part:

1. To find the appropriate word, read the surrounding

sentence to decide which part of speech is required to
fill in the gap.
2. Then, change the word in capital letters and read
again to check if the text makes sense.
3. You could add different suffixes if you have doubts.
4. Read the statement with each example so you can
confirm grammar and syntax.

57
 Develop Your Language

01 Look at the pictures. What is the most common reason why you
fall ill? Discuss with a classmate and share your last experience.
Write your answers in the spaces below.

Me

02 Go to your digital Awesome Reader and My Classmate

Writer and read “It’s Better to Prevent Than
to Cure.” Choose five words and write a
synonym for each one in the organizer. Then,
work with a classmate and take turns to guess 03 Work in groups of three and write three facts you
each other’s words. learned from the text. Then, add three opinions given by
the author.
Synonyms My Classmate’s
Guess
Facts Opinions
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

58 Lesson 2 KEY WORDS boost cause cover homeless inequity poverty preventable
 aturedApps
Fe
04 How can money help you maintain a healthy
lifestyle? Discuss with a classmate and write
your answers in the organizer below.

Money
and
Health

06 Listen again and answer the

questions below.
Health Inequity

05 Listen to a podcast and write what

its main topic and subtopics are in the
space below.
Health Inequity

07 Go to your Photo Bank W4PB1 and look at the

pictures. Choose one example to give a presentation.

rent from pity?

Then, use the prompts below to
How is empathy diffe write your outline on a card. Share
your outline with a classmate.

› I will talk about

› I will cover
› I will first
› Then, I will
› I will finally

protection statistics vulnerable 59

 01 Read the statements below and interview your
classmates to find out who has done the activities listed.
Write your classmates’ names in the spaces below.

Who has had earache? Who has looked after

an ill relative?

Who has been to the
emergency room?
WATER
Who has lost
a prescription? Water is not only vital for human beings but all life forms.
Over a billion people around the world have no access
to clean water. Given the close relationship between
water, sanitation, and health, it is necessary to create
new systems that guarantee access to clean water for
all. Can you think of technological innovations or social
movements that could ensure water supply for the future?

Who has taken the Who has

wrong medication? self-medicated? 03 Listen again and answer the questions.
Self-medication

’s health
i s mom pro
as h ble
tw m?
ha
W
02 Listen to a boy’s anecdote about his mom

W
and order the events from 1 – 5.

hy
e?

Self-medication

wa
utin

2.

sn’t
anged his ro

h is m
Alejandro’s mom had been complaining about
a sore throat for a long time. 1.

om feeli
3.
nt ch

Alejandro called the emergency services.

4. ng b
eve

et
t

Alejandro’s mom took leftover antibiotics.

a

t er
h
W

Alejandro’s grandpa looked after his mom. W e?

ho c ar
took nt
his m om t o urge
Alejandro’s grandpa moved in with him and
his mother.
04 Choose an event from Exercise 2 and write about a
similar experience in your notebook. Include one of the
prompts below. (140 – 190 words)

› This sounds familiar

› When I heard about ___, I remembered
› This reminds me of
› This story rings a bell

60 Lesson 2 KEY WORDS campus counter illustrate infection play a part in promotion reflect
 05 What do you do when you are ill? Check ( ) the
options that apply to you. Then, compare and discuss
your answers with a classmate.
E-health
The use of information and communication
technologies has strengthened health promotion
in South America.
go to wait until I
self-medicate
the doctor get better The first example is the Virtual Health Library
(VHL) where libraries from different nations share
information on health matters through various portals.
A second instance is the Virtual Campus of Public
Health (VCPH), a tool that offers online courses on
public health and health services. Just as these two
share on
Google tell an adult tools exemplify how technology is being used to
social
remedies promote healthy lifestyles, mobile technology also
networks
illustrates how connectivity and communication play
a part in health promotion. Mobile telemedicine and
reminders of medical appointments are good cases in
point in this respect.
06 Read “E-health” and color the boxes of the
true statements. These three instances of how technology can
promote health reflect the efforts of several South
American countries in prioritizing e-health. Such
1. The spread of information 2. The VHL offers training in initiatives could result in new technologies that
has cured several illnesses. different areas. improve health on a global scale.

3. The VCPH is an 4. Mobile telemedicine is

online campus. an example of mobile 07 Read the text again and find seven expressions used
technology. to give examples. Write them in the organizer below.

5. The text provides a

definition of e-health.

Expressions
to Give
Examples

08 Can you think of other tools that can be used to

promote health? Work in groups of three and prepare a
presentation about these new technologies. Remember
to use the phrases in Exercise 7.

return severe strengthen 61

 01 Can you think of examples of teamwork? Work in pairs and
brainstorm examples of cooperation in three different contexts.
Write your answers in the spaces below.

Home Hospital Community

04 Complete the organizer with the words

that can best replace the answers in
02 Listen to a class discussion about a process and Exercise 3 without changing the meaning.
take notes for each step of it.
A Healthy Cooperation at the same
after that earlier
time

finally first firstly

in the
in the end next
meantime

then to begin with

1.
Cooperation
Process in
South America
to Improve 2.
Health

3.

03 Listen again and fill in the gaps with one word.

Work with a classmate and compare your answers. 4.
A Healthy Cooperation

1.            , countries agree on the most

relevant areas. 5.

2.            , countries receive financial

althy
ote a hpeage.
resources or advice.
ro m is
3. They            identify and prioritize countries
to p und th
that are unable to solve their health problems alone.
ro
tyle s
lifes en tip
a

4. Countries, little by little, improve their conditions.

t
Write

           , their needs drop and international

support they were receiving decreases too.

5.            , these countries can help others.

62 Lesson 2 KEY WORDS agenda eventually financial gradually identify initially issue
 05 Read the Language Key and write the correct linker that can
substitute the underlined words in each sentence.

1. You could start an exercise routine. You could also
follow a diet with a professional.
2. Eventually, your cholesterol levels will
decrease.
3. Countries identify their problems. Thereafter, they
request a budget for health improvement.
4. B
 efore anything else is done, each
country has to analyze their statistics.
Language Key
Linkers are words that make a text
cohesive; in other words, they unite its
parts. All linkers connect ideas but can
have different functions. One of them is to
express sequence.
Example:
To prevent injuries and thus promote
healthier lives, we follow a strict process
before hitting the road. First of all, my
eldest sister has to follow a rigorous car
maintenance checklist. Next, the three of
us check the engine oil and other fluids. In
the meantime, my little brother prepares the
snacks and drinks. After that, we all create
a playlist of our favorite tunes. Eventually,
after a long morning, we start our trip. Now
that I think about it, it is not that bad.

06 Work in groups of three. Read the text below and fill in the gaps
with the correct linkers.

07 Take notes about the steps Fe

aturedApps

If you want to avoid obesity, there are some steps you might want your family takes to promote a
healthy lifestyle. Then, share
to consider. 1.              , it is essential to monitor
ideas with a classmate.
your diet and rest. 2.              , you can take up a
sport and practice it regularly, or you can walk thirty minutes a day. To begin with,

3.              , pay attention to your consumption of

sugar and fat and try to reduce it. 4.              , you will
enjoy the benefits of a healthy lifestyle and can invite others to join you.

Thereafter,

Eventually,

08 Go to your Photo Bank W4PB2 and look at the pictures. Think

of the steps that could help people overcome or prevent these health
problems. Share your opinion with a classmate using linkers.

previously relevant teamwork 63

 Apply Your Knowledge

01 Complete the text by writing the number of the gap in the

correct circle.
Although to

Rural vs. Urban

The popular belief that 1.    most impoverished population lives in rural their While
areas can be misleading. 2.    it is true less advanced countries such as
Guyana, Paraguay, and Bolivia have a more significant number of rural
zones, urban areas have 3.    challenges in terms of health promotion.
Living conditions in rural areas strengthen risk factors such 4.    low as like
access to social protection. Without it, people get sick more easily and die.
5.    coverage of social protection is higher 6.    urban areas, people
living in these zones face issues 7.    sedentary lifestyles, obesity, alcohol
and drug abuse, and violence. Challenges are present in both rural and urban in the
areas. Therefore, more attention should be paid 8.    vulnerable groups
regardless of the zones where they live in.

02 Read the text below. Use the word given at the end of the lines
to form a word that fits in the gap.

Non-Communicable Diseases
Cases of non-communicable diseases, also known as chronic diseases, have increased in the past decades

but these are actually 1.             . Non-communicable diseases like diabetes, obesity, PREVENT

and high blood pressure 2.             a high number of deaths every year, usually in adults. CAUSING

With better 3.             stability, families can now afford high-fat, and sugary and salty FINANCE

foods that can negatively impact health. Moreover, physical activity is as 4.             as RELEVANCE

food in maintaining health. Lack of exercise plays a 5.             in increasing the risks PARTLY

of developing non-communicable diseases. Despite the difficulties in developing healthier habits, it is up

to the individual to 6.             make healthier choices about diet and physical activity. GRADUAL

Health agendas throughout the world should prioritize the prevention of non-communicable diseases by

7.             exercise and a balanced lifestyle. PROMOTE

03 In your notebook, write an essay using all the

notes below and give reasons for your point of view.
(140 – 190 words)

Nowadays, more and more Main Points

people develop chronic
diseases such as obesity. › maintaining a
healthy diet
How can people prevent › exercising regularly
chronic diseases? › (your own idea)

64 Lesson 2
Writing Time!
Go to the “Writing Process” section of this unit in your printed Awesome
Reader and Writer and work on your fourth step: Drafting.

01 03 05 Publishing &
Brainstorming Drafting Assessing

Analyzing Organizing Editing

02 04 06

Word Bank
Write any difficult words you are learning
this week. Use meanings, drawings, or
anything you want to help you remember
these words.

Health App
Now that you have outlined your app, the time has come to
design it.

1. Get with your group and decide whether you will design
your model offline or online.
2. If you choose offline, you can download templates and
use markers and paper. As for online options, you might
want to Google free app generators.
3. Delegate tasks so that everybody contributes to the project.
4. Keep in mind the purpose, market, and features of your
app at all times.

As you create the model of your app, write the first draft of
your essay following the outline. Let your ideas flow without
paying much attention to grammar at this stage. Remember
that writing is a process you can enjoy!

65
 Test Yourself

B2 First – Reading and Use of English – Part 4

For questions 1 – 10, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar
meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do NOT change the word
given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.
Here is an example (0).

0 The medicine was too expensive that they were unable to buy it.

AFFORD

could not afford

They                     the medication.

1 Living conditions can be better in urban areas than in the countryside.

AS

Rural zones are not                     urban areas when it comes to

living conditions.

2 Poverty is too widespread that universal social protection becomes difficult.

ENOUGH

Financial resources                     every person to access

social protection.

3 South American countries have implemented new initiatives to promote healthier lifestyles.

BEEN

Initiatives that aim to better people’s health                    

in South America.

4 She took the pills then realized they were probably leftovers from a previous treatment.

MIGHT

She                     taken the wrong pills.

5 Due to his busy pace of life, he couldn’t get enough exercise.

ABLE

As a result of his lack of free time, he                     work out enough.

6 We only had that accident because we didn’t check the car before leaving.

HAD

We                     that car accident if we had checked the car before

our departure.

66 Lesson 2
 7 People’s health won’t improve unless they commit to changing their sedentary lifestyles.

LONG

People’s health will improve                     they commit to changing

their sedentary lifestyles.

8 Many adults develop non-communicable diseases because they keep consuming high amounts
of sugar.

WERE

If adults                     their consumption of sugar, they wouldn’t

develop non-communicable diseases.

9 The reason countries have improved their health systems is because they cooperated.

HAVE

If countries hadn’t cooperated, they                     their health systems.

10 Unfortunately, most of the time, physical health is more important than emotional health.

LESS

More often than not, emotional health is seen as                    

physical health.

g ar for the next two wee ks?

v o id su
ua
o
ny

S
ca
How

For this part of the test, you will

find a sentence, a key word, and a gapped
sentence. To prepare for this part, here are
some ideas to bear in mind.

1. Practice paraphrasing. That is using other

words to express the same meaning.
2. Pay attention to verb forms. The
emphasis in this part of the test is
grammar so try to remember structures
you have studied.
3. Make sure you use no more than five
words, including the key word. Therefore,
it is a good technique to count the words
that have already been used and check
which ones are still missing.

Following this advice, you will show flexibility

and resourcefulness in your use of
the language.

67
 Connect Your Learning

01 Think about the last two weeks and how your learning has developed.
Now, complete the organizer by writing something that is not clear for you
about each topic.
reading factual texts and personal
experiences is

the use of Past Perfect

Simple, Past Perfect
Continuous and Linkers is

What remains Contrastive Stress is

unclear about

the language used

to present outlines,
examples, and opinions is

how to highlight personal experiences

and how to relate to stories is

02 Have a look at the work you have completed throughout these two weeks
and answer the lesson’s questions in the spaces below. Compare your answers
with a classmate.

How could you help people facing How could you keep your loved
health problems? ones healthy?

68 Lesson 2
 How can you help a sick
friend feel better?

BE Aware of Your Progress

It’s time for your assessment. First, ask a classmate to help you assess your
performance during this lesson (Peer Assessment). Allow your classmate to
provide you with some feedback. Later, assess yourself (Self-assessment) based
on how you felt during this lesson.

VG – Very Good G – Good N – Need to Improve

Peer Self-
I can... Assessment assessment

understand high frequency language in personal written accounts expressed in

prose when given regular use of a dictionary.

understand longer, factual texts, recognizing implicit opinions held by the writer.

understand the main points of what is said in a straightforward monologue.

follow the outline of short straightforward talks on familiar topics.

highlight the personal significance of events and experiences.

give detailed presentations on a range of subjects, expanding and supporting

ideas with examples.

list advantages and disadvantages regarding a subject of personal interest using

simple language to justify opinions.

relate events in a story to similar events I have experienced or heard about.

use Past Perfect Simple and Past Perfect Continuous in correct contexts.

use more complex Linkers to express sequence in a text.

review Contrastive Stress.

69