Your School Name]

[Subject: General Science]

[Section: Chemistry]
[Class: Year 7]
[Duration: 45 minutes]

Experiment Title: Acids-Alkalis Indicators

Learning Objective:
By the end of this experiment, students will be able to understand the concept of
acids and alkalis, identify different indicators, and observe color changes during the
reaction.

Background:
In this experiment, we will explore the properties of acids and alkalis using different
indicators. Acids are substances that release hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in
water, while alkalis are substances that release hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved
in water. Indicators are substances that change color in the presence of acids or
alkalis.

Chemicals and Apparatus:

 Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

 Vinegar
 Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
 Ammonia solution
 Litmus papers (red and blue)
 Universal Indicator strips
 Phenolphthalein
 Test tubes
 Test tube rack
 Pipettes
 Safety goggles
 Lab coat
 Gloves

Procedure:
 1. Put on safety goggles and lab coat, and wear gloves for safety.
2. Label four test tubes as A, B, C, and D.
3. In test tube A, add a few drops of HCl using a pipette.
4. In test tube B, add a few drops of vinegar using a pipette.
5. In test tube C, add a few drops of NaOH using a pipette.
6. In test tube D, add a few drops of ammonia solution using a pipette.
7. Take a piece of red litmus paper and dip it into test tube A. Observe any color
change and record the result.
8. Take a piece of blue litmus paper and dip it into test tube C. Observe any
color change and record the result.
9. Take a piece of universal indicator strip and dip it into test tube B. Observe
any color change and match it with the pH scale on the indicator strip. Record
the result.
10. Take a piece of phenolphthalein and add a few drops to test tube D. Observe
any color change and record the result.
11. Repeat steps 7-10 with different indicators for each test tube.
12. Rinse the test tubes and dispose of the chemicals properly.
13. Clean up the workspace and wash your hands.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the color changes observed during the experiment indicate the
presence of acids or alkalis. Litmus paper turns red in the presence of acids and blue
in the presence of alkalis. Universal Indicator strips provide a range of colors to
determine the pH level of a substance. Phenolphthalein turns pink in the presence of
alkalis. By using different indicators, we can identify and differentiate between acids
and alkalis.

Post Lab Questions:

1. What color did the litmus paper turn when dipped into HCl?
2. What color did the litmus paper turn when dipped into NaOH?
3. What color did the universal indicator strip show when dipped into vinegar?
4. What color did phenolphthalein turn when added to ammonia solution?
onclusion:
After conducting the experiment and observing the color changes using different
indicators, it is now time for you to create your own conclusion. Based on your
observations and the results recorded, analyze the data and draw conclusions about
the properties of the tested substances (HCl, vinegar, NaOH, and ammonia solution).
Consider the following points in your conclusion:

1. Did the color change of the indicators indicate the presence of acids or alkalis
in each test tube?
2. Which indicators were most effective in distinguishing between acids and
alkalis?
3. Were there any differences in the color changes observed among the tested
substances?
4. Based on the pH scale of the universal indicator strip, determine the
approximate pH level of the tested substances.

Use your observations and knowledge of acids and alkalis to explain the reasons
behind the observed color changes. Support your conclusions with evidence from
the experiment.

Remember to write your conclusion in complete sentences, using scientific

terminology and clear explanations. Consider the reliability of your results and any
limitations or sources of error that may have affected the experiment.

Post Lab Questions:

1. What color did the litmus paper turn when dipped into HCl?
2. What color did the litmus paper turn when dipped into NaOH?
3. What color did the universal indicator strip show when dipped into vinegar?
4. What color did phenolphthalein turn when added to ammonia solution?