Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Vision
Mission
Module 3: Leadership
Introduction 15
Learning Outcomes 15
Lesson 1. Leadership 16
Lesson 2. Traits and Foundations of Leadership 16
Lesson 3. Qualities of a Good Leader 18
Lesson 4. Leadership Styles 19
Assessment Task 20
Summary 21
References 21
List of Tables
No. Title Page
1 Examples of volunteer opportunities based on 3
personal interests
2 Examples of volunteer opportunities based on future 4
career goals
3 Traits with Positive Implications on Leadership 17
Success
Course Code: NSTP 2-CWTS 2
(NOTE: Components of the Class Standing can be seen from OBTLP and Class Grading
Sheet)
MODULE 1
COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
Introduction
With all the national concerns that the Philippines face nowadays, every effort of its
citizens to help one another makes a difference. This chapter deals with the concepts of
volunteerism and community service in achieving community development. These practices
bring positive changes and growth to both volunteers and community members.
Learning Outcomes
A few more concepts that relate to the attainment of community development are
community participation or community involvement. Community involvement refers to the
power of people to bring “positive, measurable change to both the communities in which
[they] operate and to [their] business” (Boston College Center for Corporate Citizenship,
n.d.). On the other hand, community participation pertains to the involvement of people in a
community in projects that may solve their problems within their localities. People are not
forced to join in respect to their human right and observance of the principle of democracy;
however, they are welcome to participate in those kind of projects. In this sense,
participation does not only refer to being involved in construction of facilities. It also means
contributing their knowledge and ideas, taking part in making decisions, and sharing
responsibility (“Chapter 12”, n.d., p. 177) in order to attain the goal that would benefit the
community.
Lesson 2. Volunteerism
Volunteerism is an act and practice of deliberately rendering time, skills, and services
over time for the benefit of others and good causes without expecting a tangible
compensation (Wu, 2011). Some of the many areas that volunteerism can serve are
medical, environmental, educational, human rights, peacekeeping, elections, and relief
operations (Villasoto & Villasoto, 2018). Through activities like these, volunteers gain a
strong sense of community engagement and contribute to transformative social changes
(Office of the Secretary-General’s Envoy on Youth, n.d.).
On a personal level, although volunteerism does not provide monetary profit to its
volunteers, it can bring them sense of confidence, self-gratification, and opportunities to
interact with the world. Furthermore, it helps them acquire social skills (e.g., communication
and interpersonal) that will be beneficial in other facets of their lives, especially when dealing
with other people at work or in their everyday lives (Villasoto & Villasoto, 2018). As a
volunteer, you may choose opportunities based on your interests or future career goals.
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Animals Help out in an animal shelter
Children Get involved at a day-care or preschool center
Help younger students with their schoolwork
Sports Play games with the kids at nearby sports complex
Organize mini-sports fest
Cooking Teach mothers or housekeepers new recipes, latest
practices in food preparation and preservation, and
entrepreneurship opportunities in cooking
Arts and crafts Create a club that teaches handicraft making
Outdoors Organize clean-up drives in streets and parks
Plant flowers within the compound or in the streets
Performing arts (Dancing, Participate in community’s cultural show group
Singing, and Acting)
Foreign culture Volunteer at a school that accepts foreign students
Concerned about people with Volunteer at an institution that care for people with
disabilities physical or mental disabilities
As mentioned by Villasoto and Villasoto (2018) in their book, here are some of the
activities that are considered examples of community service (p. 160):
3
Assessment Task 1
Summary
Community service and volunteerism provide opportunities for the participating
people to work or socialize with others, gain valuable understanding of their surroundings,
and develop various skills. Through the activities related to these practices, both the
volunteers and the community members gain benefits. Not only do community service and
volunteerism help to address issues in the community, these practices also produce
individuals with principled and richer perspective of the world, and developed skills.
References
Boston College Center for Corporate Citizenship. (n.d.). Community Involvement.
https://ccc.bc.edu/content/ccc/research/corporate-citizenship-news-and-topics/corpor
ate-community-involvement.html
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Chapter 12 Community Participation. (n.d.)
https://ec.europa.eu/echo/files/evaluation/watsan2005/annex_files/WEDC/es/ES12C
D.pdf
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MODULE 2
GOOD GOVERNANCE
Introduction
Each person has the responsibility to participate in building a free and just society.
Even the force of the youth sector has been recognized to be a significant factor in shaping
the nation. This chapter aims to help NSTP 2 students understand the principles of good
governance and determine how they can engage themselves in local affairs that would
benefit themselves and their communities.
Learning Outcomes
4. Based on the rule of law – Government authorities should closely follow the Constitution
and its laws (Kapitanova et al., n.d.). Law enforcement and decision-making should
never be impartial (Gasilla-dela Cruz, 2005).
5. Efficient and effective – The services rendered by the government officials to the public
meet the needs of their constituents and address the issue at hand (Gasilla-dela Cruz,
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2005). Thorough analysis of the needs and having clearly-defined objectives are the
tools in achieving the desired goals for the benefit of the people (Kapitanova et al., n.d.).
6. Responsibility – The administration’s actions and decisions should create legal certainty
and eliminate arbitrary rulings (or course of action that is only based on personal
discretion, and not on reason, legal judgment, or facts). Responsible government
authorities should be ready to defend their actions and decisions any time because
these were implemented according to legality (Kapitanova et al., n.d.).
7. Reliability and predictability – Local authorities should gain the confidence and trust of
the people through their abilities and willingness to manage, and address the long term
needs or issues, by observing known and legal procedures (Kapitanova et al., n.d.).
Youth participation does not only refer to their practice of exercising their powers to vote.
It also means “participating in youth representative bodies, and structuring their organizations to
be active and able to advance both youth interest and those of their communities” (p. 11). Their
participation in democratic (1) political, (2) economic, (3) social, and (4) cultural affairs should be
encouraged, in accordance to their rights, without any discrimination. They can participate in the
decision-making process, and even initiate their own community projects. Members of the youth
sector can also be consulted for suggestions, and should be informed of the decisions and
implementations concerning their local communities.
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● Obtaining knowledge on democracy and rights;
● More representative decision making processes;
● Having new approaches and ideas in solving local concerns;
● Accurate identification of the needs of young people in the community;
● Provision of better services to young people;
● Improvement of the situation of youth in the local context; and
● Prevention of social problems.
Assessment Task 2
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Summary
Governance refers to the “rules, processes, and behavior by which interests are
articulated, resources are managed, and power is exercised in society” (Kapitanova et al., n.d.,
p. 8). As every citizen should dream of having good government, we should also play our part in
ensuring the existence of an efficient, responsible, and accountable administration in the
country. Moreover, members of the youth sector should involve themselves in good governance
and initiatives that foster development in their local communities.
References
Gasilla-dela Cruz, S. (2005). National Development via National Service Training Program
(CWTS2). Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
Kapitanova, G., Limani, M., & Limani, H. (n.d.). Handbook on Youth and Good Governance
Based on the European Charter for Youth Participation in Local and Regional Life. U. S.
Agency for International Development (USAID).
https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/53066029/handbook-on-youth-and-good-gov
ernance
Toyin, A. (2011). Beyond the Moral Panic: The Good Governance Option to Youth
Socio-Economic Empowerment in Nigeria. African Research Review, 5 (5), 441-456.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.v5i5.35
Walter, F., Mair, D., & Mair, A. (Eds.). (2011). Good Governance Policy Document. Austrian
Development Cooperation.
https://www.entwicklung.at/fileadmin/user_upload/PD_Governance_July2011_EN.pdf
Ysa, T., Albareda, A., & Forberger, S. (2014). Chapter 2. What is governance. In Peter, A.,
Gerhard, B. & Toni, G. (Eds.), Reframing addictions: policies, processes and pressures.
ALICE-RAP. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269107473_What_is_governance
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MODULE 3
LEADERSHIP
Introduction
Young people today will be the leaders of the next generation. Thus, it is important to
nurture in them the characteristics and skills of a responsible citizen who can be a
team-player and a good leader. In this chapter, we will discuss how a youth member can
become an effective leader by knowing the forms, traits, and foundations of leadership,
qualities of a good leader, and leadership styles that can be employed depending on the
situation and preference of a person.
Learning Outcomes
● High concern for task – The leader “plans and defines the work to be done,
assigns task responsibilities, sets clear work standards, urges task completion,
and monitors performance results” (p. 358).
● High concern for people – The leader “acts with warmth and supportiveness
toward followers, maintains good social relations with them, respects their
feelings, is sensitive to their needs, and shows trust in them” (p. 358).
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Emotional maturity Well-adjusted, does not suffer from severe
psychological disorders; recognition of own
strengths and weaknesses; orientation to
self-improvement
Self-confidence General confidence in self and in the ability to
perform the job of a leader
Integrity Behavior consistent with espoused values;
honest, ethical, trustworthy
Perseverance or tenacity Ability to overcome obstacles; strength of will
Cognitive ability, intelligence, social Ability to gather, integrate, and interpret
intelligence information; intelligence, understanding of social
setting; extensive knowledge concerning the job
or the organization
Task-relevant knowledge Knowledge about the company, industry,
organization, and technical aspects
Flexibility Ability to respond appropriately to changes in the
setting
Virtues, which pertain to the conformity to a standard of right and moral
characteristics of a person, are deemed to have significant relationship with how a person
leads other people. Listed below are the virtues that are considered the foundations of
leadership (Lee, 2013):
● Prudence – Wisdom; knowing the right thing to do and doing it the right way
● Justice – Fairness and righteousness; giving each other what s/he deserves (or
his/her due)
● Fortitude – Resilience; overcoming the difficulties and pressures of life
● Temperance – Self-discipline; bringing desires and natural inclinations under the
control of reason
● Industry – Diligence; working hard even under pressure
● Loyalty – Faithfulness; remaining true to friends and principles especially in times
of difficulty
● Responsibility – Being accountable and ready to answer the consequences of
one’s actions and decisions
● Cheerfulness – Optimism
● Generosity – Kindness; having the habit of sharing the good, and looking for
ways to help and serve
● Magnanimity – Nobility; having great ideals and ambitions of doing good
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● Creates an atmosphere where work is stimulating, challenging, and fun;
● Helps people foster a sense of unity;
● Helps members develop a sense of security and trust among one another;
● Displays reliability and integrity;
● Exhibits honesty and trustworthiness; and
● Thinks of ways to help members develop a set of intentions, outcomes, goals, and
directions (p. 59).
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Summary
Leadership is the art and process of influencing others in order to achieve a common
goal or accomplish important tasks. It has two forms: formal and informal. The traits and
foundations of leadership contribute to leadership success. It is also important that a person
possesses the characteristics of a good leader to become effective in influencing and
guiding other people. S/he may employ the three classic leadership styles, which are
authoritarian, participative, and laissez-faire leadership, in leading. Knowledge on these
leadership concepts may help develop the leadership potential of a person.
References
Lee, S. (2013). National Service Training Program: Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS)
1, Literacy Training Service (LTS) 1. C & E Publishing, Inc.
Schermerhorn, J., Osborn, R., Uhl-Bien, M., & Junt, J. (2013). Organizational Behavior 12th
Ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Schermerhorn, J. (2013). Management 12th Ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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