Write It! Paragraph To Essay 3 TB Answer Key

Par
agraph
to Essay
Unit Components
Unit 1 Essay Structure
Step 3 Writing Model 2 Step 4 Writing Task

In Writing Model 2, students analyze the The Writing Task section consists of a step-by-
model text using the graphic organizer and step guide through the writing process, from
outline. The activities help students develop brainstorming to outlining. Guided questions
a better understanding of what details to help students come up with ideas for their
include in their writing and how to organize writing, while organizers and outlines help
them. students structure their essays before they
begin writing their first draft.
This special unit focuses on the different parts of an essay: the introduction, the body paragraphs, and
the conclusion. The unit teaches students the basic structure of an essay and how to write each part.
Workbook
Units 2 ~ 10 Essay Writing
Step 5 More Sentence Practice & More Step 6 First Draft & Final Draft
Writing Practice Students write their first draft and revise
Step 1 Warm-Up & Writing Model 1 Step 2 Sentence Practice & Writing Skills Students practice additional key sentence their writing following the Editor’s Checklist.
These sections help students become more These sections help students practice using the key structures and other useful writing activities The Teacher’s Comments and What I Did Well
familiar with the topic and introduce useful sentence structures from the writing model. Students to reinforce the unit’s key words or phrases sections encourage students to review their
expressions and features of the type of writing learn about various ways to organize information and improve their writing. work and help instill greater confidence in
that students will learn about in the unit. logically, depending on the type of writing. their writing.
Contents
Unit Unit Goal Writing Task Writing Models Key Structures Page
Practice the basic 1 Ways to Improve Your Writing Introduction, body paragraphs, and
1 What Is an Essay? Writing an essay
structure of an essay. 2 The Benefits of Playing Outside conclusion
8
Narrative Essay Write about an experience

Writing about a 1 Honesty Is the Best Policy • used to-V
2 A Lesson from valuable experience
and the lesson you learned
2 Actions Speak Louder Than Words • should have + past participle
16
Experience from it.
Biographical Essay
Writing a biographical Write a biography about 1 Britain’s Greatest Detective • It was ~ that ~
3 The Story of Our Lives essay your future self. 2 Beautiful Inside and Out • inspire ~ with ~
24
Expository Essay • There are many reasons why ~ is

Writing about Write about three famous 1 Discovering South Korea
4 Exploring the World a country things from a country. 2 Getting to Know Brazil
considered ~ 32
• relative pronoun which
Compare-Contrast Essay Writing about a Write about the similarities and 1 Steve Jobs and Bill Gates • whereas
5 So Alike, compare-and- differences between you and a
2 My Twin Sister and I • when it comes to
40
Yet So Different contrast essay family member.
Expository Essay Writing about Write about the history 1 Changes in Cooking • once
6 Changing Technology developments and future development
2 The Development of Smartphones • There is no need to-V
48
in society of a technology.
Opinion Essay
Writing your opinion Write your opinion about 1 The Benefits of Learning a Foreign Language • have effects on
7 Teen Issues about an issue a given statement. 2 Harmful Effects of Video Games • be likely to-V
56
Opinion Essay Writing about Write about the most 1 What Makes a Hero • even though
8 Something to Admire the qualities of important quality of
2 What Makes a Great Athlete • those who ~ will ~
64
great people a good friend.
Opinion Essay Writing an essay Choose one of the topics 1 Domestic or International Travel • would rather ~ than ~
9 A Better Choice about your and write about your
2 The Best Way to Study • enable + O + to-V
72
preferences preference.
Problem-Solution Essay Write about possible

Writing a problem- 1 Saving the Planet with Responsible Tourism • relative adverb where
10 Small Actions, and-solution essay
solutions to an
2 Solutions to Plastic Pollution • By V-ing, we can ~
80
Big Changes environmental problem.
Writing Process
Step 2 Outline
Writers go through several stages in the writing process. Each stage helps writers Organize your ideas and decide which ones to use and which ones to drop. You don’t
make their writing more perfect. need to write in complete sentences.
Topic Good writers

1 Brainstorm Body - record their thoughts
Choose a topic and write down your ideas.
- make changes
- have a strong vocabulary: new, interesting words
Closing develop these skills → become a good writer
2 Outline
Organize your ideas.
Step 3 Draft
Put your ideas into sentences and make a paragraph. Do not worry about making errors.
3 Draft
Put your ideas into sentences. You will edit your draft later.
The Qualities of Good Writers

Good writers have few qualities in common. First, they record often their
4 Revise & Edit thoughts. When they get an idea, they make a note. also, good writers are open
Make changes to improve your writing and check
your spelling and grammar. to making changes. It is not easy. They continue to rewrite their drafts Lastly,
good writers have a strong vocabulary. They try to use new and interesting
words. Developing these skills helps you become a good writer.
5 Publish
Share your final draft with others. Step 4 Revise & Edit
Read your draft again and make changes to improve it. Correct any spelling, grammar,
capitalization, and punctuation errors.
The Qualities of Good Writers

Step 1 Brainstorm Good writers have few qualities in common. First, they record often their
a
thoughts. When they get an idea, they make a note. also, good writers are open
Write down everything that comes to your mind. You can make a list or draw a web.
to making changes. It is not easy. They continue to rewrite their drafts. Lastly,
Good writers record their make good writers have a strong vocabulary…
thoughts changes
- record their thoughts
Good
- make changes writers
- use interesting words use interesting
Step 5 Publish
practice
- practice every day every day words
Write a clean final draft and share it with others.
Essay
Unit
1 What Is an Essay? Basic Structure
Unit Goal Writing an essay An essay is similar to a paragraph, but it has more information about the
· Understanding the features of an essay topic. An essay includes an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion.
· Writing an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion

How is the essay different from the paragraph on page 8? Read the essay and
answer the questions.
War m - Up
Ways to Improve Your Writing

Read the paragraph and answer the questions.
Introduction
Good writers are made, not born. Here are three ways you can become
a better writer.
Ways to Improve Your Writing First, you should read a lot of books. When you read many books, you
1 will naturally learn what good writing looks like. Reading will also help you
Here are three ways you can become a better writer. First, you should read
expand your vocabulary and write more interesting sentences.
a lot of books. Reading will help you expand your vocabulary and write more
Body paragraphs
2 Second, you should write something every day. To start, try keeping a
interesting sentences. Second, you should write something every day. The
diary or creating a blog. The more you practice writing, the better your
Circle at least three time expressions.
3
more you practice writing, the better your writing will get. Third, you should writing will get.
have someone edit your work. Editors can catch the spelling and grammar Third, you should have someone edit your work. Editors can catch the
mistakes that you missed.[If you want to become a better writer, try these tips.] spelling and grammar mistakes that you missed. They can also help make
your writing more attractive to readers.
Conclusion
In conclusion, good writers are always working on their writing skills. So
1 Find and underline the topic sentence.
if you want to become a better writer, try these tips.
2 Find and number three ways to become a better writer.

1 How is the introduction different from the topic sentence?
Find and circle three transition words that introduce each idea.
The introduction has one more sentence than the topic sentence.
3 Put the closing sentence in parentheses. 2 Find and underline the added details in the body paragraphs.
3 How is the conclusion different from the closing sentence?

The first line of a paragraph is indented.
The conclusion has one more sentence that summarizes the essay.
8 Unit 1 9
Introduction
B Read the body sentences and write an opening sentence or a thesis statement.
An introduction is the first paragraph in an essay. It has an opening You can use the given words or your own ideas. [Sample answers]
sentence and a thesis statement.
• An opening sentence grabs the reader’s attention. It usually states an
1 a big mistake last summer
interesting or important fact.
• A thesis statement gives the main idea of an essay. It is usually the last Opening sentence: Everyone makes mistakes in their lives.
sentence in the introduction. Thesis statement: Last summer, I made a big mistake.
Introduction
Body:
Opening sentence Good writers are made, not born.
- My family traveled to New York City, one of the busiest cities in the world.
Thesis statement Here are three ways you can become a better writer.
- I was busy looking at a map and got separated from my parents.
- I managed to get back to the hotel with the help of a police officer.
A Read the sentences and write OS (opening sentence) or TS (thesis statement).
1 OS There are many talented people in my family.

TS Among them, the most interesting person is my aunt. 2 lovely dogs make other people uncomfortable
Opening sentence: Even lovely dogs can make other people uncomfortable.
2 TS There are several ways to make exercise a daily habit. Thesis statement: As a dog owner, you should always follow good etiquette.
OS Adults should exercise at least twenty minutes a day, but most do not. Body:
- Check to see if your pet is allowed in public places.
3 OS We all know that too much stress is not good for us. - Remember to keep your dog on a leash at all times.
TS Stress has many negative effects, especially on teens. - Clean up after your dog immediately.
4 TS However, having money does not necessarily make you happy.

OS Many people think that winning the lottery will bring them happiness. 3 more amazing you think
Opening sentence: We all know our brain is a very important organ.

5 TS Here are some ways to distinguish between the flu and a cold. Thesis statement: However, our brain is more amazing than you think.
OS Both the flu and colds are caused by viruses, but they are quite different. Body:
- Our brain produces about 70,000 thoughts on an average day.
- It keeps working even while we are sleeping.
- It continues to develop until our late 40s.
10 Unit 1 11
Body Paragraphs
B Use the model essay to fill in the outline below.

Body paragraphs give more information about the thesis statement in the
introduction. An essay has at least one body paragraph. Each body paragraph
has a topic sentence and supporting details.
Thesis statement: There are many reasons why children should play outside
Body paragraph 1 instead.

Topic sentence First, you should read a lot of books.
• Topic sentence 1: Playing outside builds motor skills.

Supporting When you read many books, you will naturally learn what good ┗ Supporting details: - learn how to run, jump, and catch things
detail 1
writing looks like.
- can do more complex activities in the future

Supporting Reading will also help you expand your vocabulary and write more
detail 2 • Topic sentence 2: Playing outside helps children develop social skills.
interesting sentences.
┗ Supporting details: - learn how to make friends
- improve their communication skills
A Find and underline the topic sentence for each body paragraph.
• Topic sentence 3: Children need sunlight for their physical and mental
health.
The Benefits of Playing Outside ┗ Supporting details: - helps children produce vitamin D for strong bones
- helps them relieve stress
These days, children spend a lot of time in front of a screen. However, there
are many reasons why children should play outside instead.
First of all, playing outside builds motor skills. When children play outside, they
learn how to run, jump, and catch things. With better motor skills, they can do When you organize information in an essay, you can use transitions to
more complex activities in the future. connect the ideas in your sentences. Transitions help readers see how the
ideas are related.
Also, playing outside helps children develop social skills. Children can learn
how to make friends by playing together. They also improve their communication Purpose Transitions Purpose Transitions
skills. First, Second, Next,
Add In addition, Moreover, Show
Finally, Then, Later,
Lastly, children need sunlight for their physical and mental health. Getting information Furthermore, Additionally time order
Meanwhile, After that
enough sunlight helps children produce vitamin D for strong bones. It also helps Give
For example, For instance Emphasize In fact, Actually
them relieve stress. examples
In short, playing outside has many benefits. Therefore, children should play
Therefore, As a result,
Compare Similarly, Likewise Show results
Thus
outside more often.
However, In contrast, In conclusion, In short,
Contrast Conclude
On the other hand In brief, To conclude
Find and circle six transition words or phrases.
12 Unit 1 13
Conclusion
[Sample answers]
B Write each conclusion using a transition from the box.
A conclusion wraps up an essay. Writers usually restate and/or summarize
the main idea of the essay in the conclusion. Sometimes they end the essay
In conclusion, In short,
with an opinion, a suggestion, or a prediction.
In brief, To conclude,
Good writers are made, not born. Here are three ways you can
Introduction
become a better writer.

Conclusion (summary - suggestion) 1 Introduction: Have you heard the expression “When a man is tired of
In conclusion, good writers are always working on their writing skills. So if you London, he is tired of life”? As the quote suggests, London is a dynamic city
want to become a better writer, try these tips.
with many things to see and do.
Body:
A Read the introductions and write conclusions using two sentences from each
- famous landmarks such as Big Ben, the London Eye, and Tate Modern
box. Use the hints in the parentheses to choose the correct sentences.
- restaurants serving dishes from various countries
1 Introduction: Smartphones make our lives fun and easy. However, using smartphones - beautiful green parks in the middle of the city
on the road can be a dangerous habit. Conclusion: (restatement - suggestion)
Conclusion: (summary - opinion) In short, London offers lots of things to see and enjoy. If you visit London,
Using smartphones while driving can cause serious problems. I think people you will surely have a wonderful time.
should always focus on the road when they drive.
∙ I think people should always focus on the road when they drive.
∙ Using smartphones while driving can cause serious problems.
∙ It is common for drivers to use their smartphones while driving.
2 Introduction: These days, online shopping is becoming more and more
common. Here are the top three reasons why people shop online.
2 Introduction: Do you like to dance? Dancing is a fun activity, but people dance for
Body:
various reasons.
- easily find the best price among different websites
Conclusion: (restatement - suggestion)
- shop anywhere and anytime you want
Everyone has their own reasons for why they dance. Whatever your reasons
- generally cheaper than offline stores
are, just dance and enjoy yourself.
Conclusion: (summary - prediction)
∙ Everyone has their own reasons for why they dance. In conclusion, online shopping has many advantages compared to offline
∙ Dancing is one of the easiest activities to learn. shopping. I think more and more people will shop online in the future.
∙ Whatever your reasons are, just dance and enjoy yourself.
14 Unit 1 15
Writing Model 1
Unit
2 A Lesson from Experience Narrative Essay

Read the model essay and answer the questions.
Unit Goal Writing about a valuable experience
· Writing about a lesson you learned from an experience
· Telling a story gradually from the beginning to the end
Honesty Is the Best Policy
Sometimes, a small lie can cause big problems. One of the saddest events in
War m - Up my life happened because I told a lie.
My family used to have a dog named Max. One day, I was playing with Max
outside. Suddenly, a passing car honked its horn. It scared Max and he ran away.
A Read the list of life lessons below. Then think about the possible meaning of
each lesson. I should have told my parents the truth right away. But I lied that I had left Max
at my friend’s house. Meanwhile, I looked for Max by myself, but I couldn’t find
him.
A few days later, I started to worry that I would never see him again. So I
Life Lessons
confessed to my parents. They helped me look for Max all over town. But by
• Two heads are better than one. then, it was too late.
• Always believe in yourself. Through this experience, I learned that honesty is the best policy. Now, I
always try to tell the truth.
• Failure is the mother of success.
Find and underline the writer’s lie.
• Practice makes perfect.
1 What is the essay about?
• Keep an open mind.
• Words have power.
a regretful experience caused by a lie
an interesting experience that started from a lie
• A friend in need is a friend indeed.
2 How did the writer lose Max?

He/She was playing with Max outside. Then, suddenly, a passing car honked its horn
B Discuss the meaning of the life lessons with your partner. and Max ran away.
Think!
What does “Two heads are better than one” mean?
3 Have you ever told a lie? What did you lie about? [Sample answer]
It means that doing things with others is easier than by yourself. One day, when I was ten, I didn't do my math homework. But I told my teacher that
I had left it at home.
16 Unit 2 17
Sentence Practice Writing Skills
Narrative Essay
When you write about an experience, you can use these structures. When you write a narrative essay about an experience, develop your story
A My family used to have a dog named Max. gradually from the beginning to the end.
B I should have told my parents the truth right away. Beginning Middle End
problem
A Write sentences using used to .
background climax: the most outcome
1 When I was in elementary school, I was scared of swimming. Now I love to swim. exciting point
→ I used to be scared of swimming.
Body paragraph 1 Body paragraph 2 Body paragraph 3
2 I lived in a house with a garden five years ago. Now I live in an apartment.
→ I used to live in a house with a garden.
A Number the sentences according to the order of the events.
3 When I was younger, I was very lazy. Now I am hardworking.
3 I tried to start studying.
→ I used to be very lazy.
5 I got a bad grade on my first exam.
4 Last year, I took the bus to school. Now I walk to school.
→ I used to take the bus to school. 1 It was two weeks before my first exam of the year.
4 I found my baby brother playing with my textbook.
2 I put off studying and played video games instead.
B Write sentences using should have + past participle.

B Complete the body paragraphs using the sentences above.
1 I didn’t go to bed early last night. Now I feel sleepy.
→ I should have gone to bed early last night.
It was two weeks before my first exam of the year. I should have
2 I didn’t leave my house on time. Now I am late for my appointment.
started to study then. But I put off studying and played video games instead .
→ I should have left my house on time.
A few days before the exam, I tried to start studying . But
3 I didn’t finish my homework yesterday. Now I don’t have enough time. then I found my baby brother playing with my textbook . He had torn
→ I should have finished my homework yesterday.
out some of the pages.
4 I didn’t buy the movie ticket in advance. Now all the tickets are sold out. My friends were all busy studying, so I couldn’t borrow their textbooks.
→ I should have bought the movie ticket in advance. Therefore, I had to skip some important pages. Not surprisingly, I got a bad
grade on my first exam .
18 Unit 2 19
Writing Model 2
Analysis
A Read the model essay and answer the questions. B Use the model essay to fill in the outline below.
Introduction
Actions Speak Louder Than Words
• small actions can have a big impact on others
Even small actions can have a big impact on others. When I was ten, an old • when I was ten, an old man proved this to me
man proved this to me.
I used to walk down the same street on my way home from school every
Body
day. The street was always full of litter, and people often complained about it.
However, no one took any action. People just kept leaving their trash there. Beginning
One day, I saw an old man cleaning up all the litter. For a long time, he silently • the street was always full of litter → people often complained about it
swept up the trash, put it into plastic bags, and carried it away. When everyone • no one took any action
else saw what he had done, they were shocked.
• people just kept leaving their trash there
Surprisingly, from that day on, people stopped littering. They must have been
touched by the old man’s actions.
Middle
Through this experience, I realized that actions speak louder than words. Now,
• an old man cleaned up all the litter
I always try to set a good example for others.
• he silently swept up the trash, put it into plastic bags, and carried it away

• everyone else saw what he had done → they were shocked
The essay is about the experience that taught the writer that actions speak louder
than words.
2 What experience did the writer have? End
Actions Speak Louder Than Words • people stopped littering
Beginning Middle End • they must have been touched by the old man's actions
• the street was • an old man cleaned up all the • people stopped
full of litter litter littering
• no one took any • everyone was shocked
Conclusion
action
• lesson: actions speak louder than words
• always try to set a good example for others
3 Underline what the writer realized in the conclusion.
20 Unit 2 21
Writing Task [Sample answers]
Narrative Essay Writing an Outline
Write about your own experience and the lesson you learned from it.

Complete the outline with the information from the organizer.
Brainstorming Ideas & Vocabulary Introduction
• a friend in need is a friend indeed

A Look at the life lessons on page 16. Have you had an experience related to one
of those lessons? What happened? • when I was ten, my friend Tom proved this to me
When I was ten, I got unexpected help from one of my friends. The experience
taught me that a friend in need is a friend indeed.
Body
B What was the most exciting or surprising part of the experience?
Beginning
Tom raised his hand to say that he wanted to help me, while everyone else kept quiet.
• was outgoing → had many friends
• broke my leg while riding my bike
C How did the experience change you? • was checking my watch
Through this experience, I learned that I should always try to help my friends in need. • should have been more careful
Words & Expressions Middle

become more positive never give up
• hard to walk to school alone → needed help
not be afraid to face new challenges respect other people’s opinions
be thankful for the people around me be careful with what I say • my teacher asked who would help me
• everyone kept quiet, but then Tom said he wanted to help me
Organizing Ideas End

Complete the organizer for your essay. • we always went to school together from that day on
• Tom had to travel a long way to pick me up
Lesson
• he did it for about three months, until I got better
A Friend in Need is a Friend Indeed
Beginning Middle End
• used to walk to • needed help walking to school • helped me for

school in the morning three months, Conclusion
• broke my leg • Tom said he would help me until I got better • lesson: a friend in need is a friend indeed
while riding my
• always try to help my friends in need
bike
22 Unit 2 23
Writing Model 1
Unit
3 The Story of Our Lives Biographical Essay

Unit Goal Writing a biographical essay
∙ Writing about a person’s life and work
∙ Describing important events in a person’s life with dates
Britain’s Greatest Detective
Sherlock Holmes is a fictional character in Arthur Conan Doyle’s stories. He is

War m - Up a brilliant detective with impressive skills.
Holmes was born in 1854, but his early years are a mystery. In college, he
began to develop his observation skills. It was during that time that he decided to
A Below are some important events in people’s lives. Can you think of other
examples of big life events? become a detective.
Around 1878, Holmes started solving cases. In 1881, he shared a room with
Dr. Watson because of financial problems. From then on, Dr. Watson assisted
Holmes and they became close friends.
For many years, Holmes caught countless criminals throughout Europe. He
helped everyone from kings to common people, and even the poor. Then, after
be born start school move to a new city
twenty-three years of solving crimes, Holmes finally retired. He left the city and
settled down on a farm.
For over a century, Sherlock Holmes has inspired readers with his incredible
talents. He will surely continue to capture the hearts of future generations.
When did Sherlock Holmes start his career?
get married get a job achieve a lifelong dream He started his career around 1878.
the life story of Sherlock Holmes

B Talk with your partner about the most important event in your life and the a lesson we can learn from Sherlock Holmes
reason why it means a lot to you.
2 Find and underline some important events in Sherlock Holmes’s life.

The most important event in my life was when I started school.
This event means a lot to me because I met my best friends there.
Think!
The most important event in my life was when my sister was born. This event 3 Do you know any famous person who has an inspiring life story? [Sample answer]
means a lot to me because I learned how to take care of another person.
J.K. Rowling is a famous author who wrote the Harry Potter series. She was a
jobless single mother. She was rejected by 12 publishers, but she finally became a
24 Unit 3 successful author. 25
Biographical Essay
When you write about a person’s life story, you can use these structures. When you write a biographical essay, you tell the story of a person’s life in
A It was during that time that he decided to become a detective. chronological order. Try to include important dates and events along with
B He has inspired readers with his incredible talents. information about the person’s career and major achievements.
The Life of Sherlock Holmes
in 1854 in college around 1878 for many years after 23 years
A Rewrite the sentences using the given phrases.
was born developed started caught retired
1 He opened his first restaurant. (in 2002) observation skills solving cases countless criminals
→ It was in 2002 that he opened his first restaurant.

A Read the information about the life of French fashion designer Gabrielle “Coco”
2 She first met her long-lost brother. (last summer)
Chanel. Write the correct letter for each part of her life.
→ It was last summer that she first met her long-lost brother.
birth childhood work achievement death
3 He received his first computer. (on his tenth birthday)
→ It was on his tenth birthday that he received his first computer. c d b e a
4 She started to write novels. (after graduation) a She died in 1971. b She started working for a local tailor.
→ It was after graduation that she started to write novels. c She was born in 1883. d She spent six years in an orphanage.
e She designed comfortable, stylish clothes for women.
B Complete the sentences using a phrase from each box. B Complete the body paragraphs using the information above.
many children her fascinating fantasy stories

figure-skating fans his innovative products Gabrielle “Coco” Chanel was born in 1883 . After her mother died,
countless readers his creative films and characters she spent six years in an orphanage where she learned how to sew.
people around the world her impressive performances she started working for a local tailor
When she was eighteen, .
1 Walt Disney has inspired many children with his creative films and characters. Later, in 1910, she opened her first hat store. Her hats were popular among
famous actresses. In 1913, she designed comfortable, stylish clothes
2 Steve Jobs has inspired people around the world with his innovative products . for women . This created a revolution in fashion.
3 J. K. Rowling has inspired countless readers with her fascinating fantasy stories . For several decades, she led the fashion industry, introducing styles such as
tweed suits and little black dresses. Chanel died in 1971 at the age
4 Yuna Kim has inspired figure-skating fans with her impressive performances .
of eighty-seven.
26 Unit 3 27
Writing Model 2
Analysis
Introduction
Beautiful Inside and Out
• Audrey Hepburn: one of the world's most famous movie stars
Audrey Hepburn was one of the world’s most famous movie stars. She was an • an amazing actress and dedicated activist
amazing actress and dedicated activist.
Hepburn was born in Belgium in 1929. She had a difficult childhood because of
Body
her parents’ divorce and World War II. However, she did not lose hope. When the
war ended, she continued studying ballet and started acting. Childhood
After playing some small roles, Hepburn got her first title role in 1951. In 1953, • born in Belgium in 1929
she starred in the famous film Roman Holiday. It was that same year that she • had a difficult childhood because of her parents' divorce and
won her first major acting award. She later appeared in many other successful World War II
films. • continued studying ballet and started acting
After retiring, Hepburn began a new career. She became a volunteer to
help children in need. She made a big difference in many people’s lives before Work and achievements
passing away in 1993. • in 1951: got her first title role
Audrey Hepburn has inspired many people with her films and volunteer work. • in 1953: starred in the famous film Roman Holiday
She will always be remembered as a beautiful person inside and out. → won her first major acting award
• later appeared in many other successful films
1 In the introduction, underline how the writer describes Audrey Hepburn.
After retirement
2 What information does the writer give about Hepburn’s life?
• became a volunteer to help children in need
Audrey Hepburn • made a big difference in many people’s lives before passing away in 1993
Childhood Work and achievements After retirement
• born
in Belgium • played some small roles • became a volunteer
• had a difficult • starred in the famous film to help children in
Conclusion
childhood Roman Holiday need
• has inspired many people with her films and volunteer work
3 In the conclusion, what does the writer think about Hepburn?
• will be remembered as a beautiful person inside and out
He/She thinks Hepburn will always be remembered as a beautiful person inside and out.
28 Unit 3 29
Biographical Essay Writing an Outline
Imagine a future where you have achieved your dreams and retired.

Write a biography about your future self.
Introduction
Brainstorming Ideas & Vocabulary •Jennie Kim: one of the most popular pop stars in the world
•a talented singer and composer

Imagine you are interviewing the future you and fill in the table.
Questions Answers
Body
I was a movie director who made blockbuster movies.
What was your job?
I was a singer who had many hit songs. Childhood
How was your I used to be very shy. I liked reading fantasy novels. • born in Seoul in 2011
childhood? I liked singing in front of others from a young age. • liked singing in front of others
In high school, I started making short films and people enjoyed • won the first prize at a school singing contest
What made you choose them. I realized I wanted to keep making movies then.
your job? I won the first prize at a singing contest. This is why Work and achievements
I decided to become a singer. • in 2028: made her debut as a singer
I won prizes at international film festivals. My movies broke
What are some of your • composed many hit songs
box-office records.
major achievements? I won the award for artist of the year. I also did over ten • in 2036: won the award for artist of the year
world tours. • did over ten world tours
What did you do after I started my own film school to teach others how to make movies.
retirement? I started my own entertainment company.
Organizing Ideas
After retirement

Complete the organizer for your essay. • started her own entertainment company
Future Me • trained young people who wanted to become singers
Childhood Work and achievements After retirement
• born in Seoul • composed many hit songs • started her own

• liked singing in • won the award entertainment
Conclusion
front of others • did over ten world tours company
• discovered many •has inspired people around the world with her talent and passion for music
talented musicians •will be remembered as one of the greatest artists ever
30 Unit 3 31
Writing Model 1
Unit
4 Exploring the World Expositor y Essay

Unit Goal Writing about a country
∙ Explaining what makes a country special
∙ Giving facts, reasons, or examples to support topic sentences
Discovering South Korea
South Korea is a fascinating country. There are many reasons why it is

War m - Up considered such a unique place.
The first reason is hanbok . The hanbok is the traditional clothing of Korea,
which is worn on special occasions. It consists of a blouse or shirt, called a
A Look at the pictures of things that represent each country. Do you know which
countries they are from? jeogori , and either a skirt or pants. It is usually made of silk and comes in a
variety of vivid colors.
Another reason is Korean cuisine. Bibimbap is a popular Korean rice dish
topped with vegetables and red chili paste. It sometimes includes grilled beef or
a fried egg. The dish is healthy, easy to make, and tastes fantastic.
an impressive building a traditional type of clothing Finally, Korea is famous for producing amazing entertainment. K-pop groups
Australia Vietnam like BTS thrill their audiences with stunning dance moves and vocals. In addition,
the interesting story lines of K-dramas attract many global fans.
South Korea is a truly incredible place. Don’t miss your chance to visit!
What are some reasons why Korean

entertainment is considered so amazing?
a cute symbol a national dish 1 What is the essay about?
K-pop groups thrill their audiences with
France
why many people like South Korea stunning dance moves and vocals, and
the interesting story lines of K-dramas
what makes South Korea so unique
attract many global fans.
2 What are three famous things from South Korea?

a beautiful landmark a famous dessert Three famous things from South Korea are hanbok, Korean cuisine, and amazing
B Talk about the things that represent each country with your partner. entertainment.
Think!
The Sydney Opera House is an impressive building in Australia. 3 Do you know anything else about South Korea? [Sample answer]
It is famous for its unique design.
South Korea is also famous for its traditional culture.
32 Unit 4 33
Expositor y Essay
When you explain what makes a country special, you can use these When you write an expository essay, you should give facts, reasons, or
structures. examples to support each topic sentence.
A There are many reasons why South Korea is considered a unique place.
Main Idea South Korea is a fascinating country.
B The hanbok is the traditional clothing of Korea, which is worn on special
occasions. The first reason is hanbok . hanbok parts, fabric, color Fact
Another reason is Korean cuisine. bibimbap Example
A Write sentences using the given words.

Korea is famous for producing stunning dance moves and Reason
amazing entertainment. vocals, interesting story lines
1 (Egypt, a historic country)
→ There are many reasons why Egypt is considered a historic country.
A Look at the organizer and think of how the information supports each topic.
2 (Turkey, an interesting place) Write Fact , Example , or Reason in the boxes.
→ There are many reasons why Turkey is considered an interesting place.
Main Idea Finland is a charming nation.
3 (Iceland, so charming)
The land of a thousand lakes home to almost 188,000 lakes Fact
→ There are many reasons why Iceland is considered so charming.
kayaking, skiing, dog sledding,
Outdoor activities Example
4 (Mexico, so attractive) and cycling
→ There are many reasons why Mexico is considered so attractive. Sauna culture the cold weather Reason
over 3 million saunas Fact
B Complete the sentences using a phrase from each box.

B Complete the body paragraphs using the information above.
a traditional Scottish skirt has a mysterious history

the national dish of Thailand is also popular around the world First, Finland is called the land of a thousand lakes . The country is
a distinctive animal is often worn on formal occasions
home to almost 188,000 lakes in all.
an ancient fortress in Peru is one of China’s national treasures
Second, Finland is well known for its outdoor activities . With its
1 Pad Thai is the national dish of Thailand, which is also popular around the world.
beautiful landscapes, Finland offers various outdoor activities such as kayaking,
2 A kilt is a traditional Scottish skirt, which is often worn on formal occasions . skiing, dog sledding, and cycling .
Lastly, Finland is famous for its sauna culture . Finnish people love saunas
3 Machu Picchu is an ancient fortress in Peru, which has a mysterious history .
because of the cold weather. Incredibly, there are over 3 million saunas
4 The panda is a distinctive animal, which is one of China's national treasures . in Finland.
34 Unit 4 35
Writing Model 2
Analysis
Introduction
Getting to Know Brazil
• Brazil: an amazing country
Brazil is an amazing country. There are many reasons why it is considered • many reasons why it is considered so special
so special.
First, Brazil has a long and proud soccer tradition. For decades, Brazil has
Body
produced top players like Pelé, Ronaldinho, and Neymar. What is more, the
Brazilian national soccer team has won five FIFA World Cup tournaments. Famous for 1: a long and proud soccer tradition
Second, Brazil is famous for the Rio Carnival. During the carnival, millions of • Example has produced top players like Pelé, Ronaldinho, and Neymar
people gather on the streets and dance to samba music. The highlight of the • Fact the national soccer team has won five FIFA World Cup tournaments
carnival is the Samba Parade, which starts in the evening and goes on all night.

Finally, Brazil is home to the Amazon rainforest. The Amazon, the world’s
largest rainforest, is well known for its variety of wildlife. About 10 percent of all
Famous for 2: the Rio Carnival
plant and animal species on Earth live there. They include species like jaguars,
sloths, and piranhas. • Fact millions of people gather on the streets and dance to samba music
Brazil is a truly remarkable place. You won’t regret your visit to Brazil! • Fact t he Samba Parade starts in the evening and goes on all night
1 What is the essay about? Famous for 3: the Amazon rainforest

The essay is about the reasons why Brazil is considered so special.
• Fact well known for its variety of wildlife
2 What are three things that Brazil is famous for? • Reason about 10 percent of all plant and animal species on Earth live there
Famous for 1 Details • produced many top players • Example species like jaguars, sloths, and piranhas
its soccer tradition • won five FIFA World Cups
Famous for 2 Details • people dance to samba music
Brazil
the Rio Carnival • the Samba Parade
Conclusion
Famous for 3 • variety of wildlife
Details
the Amazon rainforest • s pecies like jaguars, sloths, and • Brazil: a truly remarkable place
piranhas • won’t regret your visit to Brazil
3 In the conclusion, underline what the writer thinks about the country.
36 Unit 4 37
Expositor y Essay Writing an Outline
Choose a country and write about three famous things from the country.

•Vietnam: a beautiful country

A Write down as many things as you can think of about the country.
•many reasons why it is considered so charming
soccer Pho
open coffee
paella markets Body
flamenco
Ha Long Famous for 1 Pho

Spain
Picasso Vietnam
churros Bay • famous for its unique taste and excellent aroma
• can be found everywhere in Vietnam
Ao Dai
siesta Gaudi temples
motorbikes
B Complete the chart using your examples from above. Label each category.
Famous for 2 Ao Dai
Spain Vietnam • the national clothing of Vietnam
food clothing
art sport paella (food) Pho (food) • a long silk dress with long sleeves that is worn over long pants
music landmark siesta (tradition) Ao Dai (clothing) • symbolizes beauty and elegance
tradition nature Picasso’s paintings (art) Ha Long Bay (nature)
Famous for 3 Ha Long Bay
• offers stunning landscapes with views of the sea, sky, and mountains
Organizing Ideas
• tourists often take a cruise

Complete the organizer for your essay.
Famous for 1 Details • unique taste, excellent aroma

Pho • can find it everywhere in Vietnam
Country
Famous for 2 Details • national clothing of Vietnam Conclusion
Vietnam Ao Dai • symbolizes beauty and elegance
•Vietnam: a truly amazing place
Famous for 3 Details • beautiful landscapes
•will definitely love the country
Ha Long Bay • can take a cruise
38 Unit 4 39
Writing Model 1
Unit
5 So Alike, Yet So Different Compare-Contrast Es

say

Unit Goal Writing a compare -and-contrast essay
∙ Writing about the similarities and differences between two people
∙ Using points of comparison to show how they are similar or different
Steve Jobs and Bill Gates
Without a doubt, both Steve Jobs and Bill Gates are icons of the computer
War m - Up industry. As rivals, they were alike but different at the same time.
First of all, their early careers were very similar. Neither Jobs nor Gates
graduated from college. Instead, they studied on their own. Both of them also
A Look at the two main characters from the Harry Potter series. Talk about the
similarities and differences between the two characters. created their companies, Apple and Microsoft, with a friend.
However, Jobs and Gates had different business strategies. Gates was more
focused on technology, whereas Jobs valued creativity. Gates built software used
on almost all computers, while Jobs created new products like the iPhone.
When it came to their personalities, they were also complete opposites. Jobs
was more imaginative and charismatic. Compared to Jobs, Gates seemed more
Harry Potter Hermione Granger
practical and formal.
∙ has black hair and ∙ has brown hair and
Because of their similarities and differences, Jobs and Gates were always
green eyes brown eyes
∙ are very brave rivals. Yet they motivated each other and changed the world.
∙ is not very organized ∙ is very smart and
∙ have a pet Circle five expressions used to show
∙ is good at Quidditch, organized similarities or differences.
a magical sport ∙ reads lots of books 1 What is the essay about?
the lifelong relationship between Jobs and Gates

Both Harry Potter and Hermione Granger are very brave. While
the similarities and differences between Jobs and Gates
Hermione is very organized, Harry is not.
2 What three points did the writer use to compare Jobs and Gates?
B Think of the similarities and differences between you and one of the characters The writer compared Jobs and Gates's early careers, business strategies, and
above. Then talk about them using the transitions from the box. personalities.
Think!
Like/Unlike Similarly, However, On the contrary,
3 Can you think of other famous rivals?
Like Hermione, I read lots of books. However, I don’t have a pet. Batman and the Joker are famous rivals.
40 Unit 5 41
Compare-Contrast Es
say
When you compare two people, you can use these structures. When you compare two people in a compare-and-contrast essay, you can use
A Gates was more focused on technology, whereas Jobs valued creativity. points of comparison to show how they are similar or different.
B When it came to their personalities, they were complete opposites. Points of Comparison
∙ appearance ∙ personalities ∙ interests
∙ careers ∙ tastes (in films, books, music, etc.)
A Write sentences about your family members using the given phrases. [Sample answers]
Body Paragraphs Points of Comparison
1 (like to play outside, like to stay at home)
Body Paragraph 1 Their early careers were very similar.
→ I like to play outside, whereas my brother likes to stay at home.
Body Paragraph 2 Jobs and Gates had different business strategies.
2 (go to bed early, stay up late at night) When it came to their personalities, they were also
Body Paragraph 3
→ I like to go to bed early, whereas my sister stays up late at night. complete opposites.
3 (have long straight hair, have short curly hair)

→ My sister has long straight hair, whereas my mom has short curly hair. A Look at the information about the two characters on page 40 and complete the
body paragraphs using the expressions from the box. [Sample answers]
4 (be interested in science, be passionate about art)
→ My brother is interested in science, whereas my sister is passionate about art. whereas/while both A and B However,/In contrast,
Even though Harry and Hermione wear the same school uniforms, they look
different. Harry has black hair and green eyes, while Hermione has brown hair
and brown eyes. Also, unlike Harry, Hermione
B Write sentences using the given phrases.
doesn’t wear glasses.
1 (our taste in movies, Emily and I are exact opposites) When it comes to their interests, they are also different from each other.
→ When it comes to our taste in movies, Emily and I are exact opposites. Harry is good at Quidditch, a magical sport. In contrast, Hermione reads lots
2 (our physical appearances, my brother and I look very similar) of books.
→ When it comes to our physical appearances, my brother and I look very similar. Despite their differences, they have similar personalities. Both Harry and
Hermione are very brave.
3 (our hobbies, my uncle and I have a lot in common)
→ When it comes to our hobbies, my uncle and I have a lot in common.
4 (our personalities, my cousin and I are quite different) B What are the three points of comparison used in the paragraphs above?
→ When it comes to our personalities, my cousin and I are quite different. The three points of comparison are their appearances, interests, and personalities.
42 Unit 5 43
Writing Model 2
Analysis
Introduction
My Twin Sister and I
• people think twins are exactly the same, but it is not true
People think twins are exactly the same, but it is not true. As twins, my sister • my twin sister and I are alike in some ways but different in others
and I are alike in some ways but different in others.
Because I am an identical twin, I have the same physical features as my sister.
Body
My twin and I have the same hair color and height. We are also the same size, so
we often share clothes. Similarity: physical features
When it comes to interests, however, we are very different. For example, I • the same hair color and height
am fascinated with computers, but my sister is not. On the other hand, she is
• the same size → often share clothes
passionate about sports, but I find them boring.
Additionally, we have completely opposite personalities. I am an introvert,
whereas my sister is an extrovert. While I prefer being by myself, she likes Difference 1: interests
meeting her friends.
• computers: I am fascinated with them ↔ my sister is not
My sister and I may have the same face, but we are different people. Still, I
• sports: I find them boring
enjoy our differences and feel lucky to have a twin.
↔ my sister is passionate about them

The essay is about the similarities and differences between the writer and her twin
Difference 2: personalities
sister.
2 What are the similarities and differences between the two sisters? • I am an introvert ↔ my sister is an extrovert
Similarity • same hair color and height - I prefer being by myself ↔ my sister likes meeting her friends
• same size
My Twin Sister Difference 1
• different interests: computers, sports
and I
Conclusion
Difference 2
• opposite personalities: introvert, extrovert
• my sister and I have the same face, but we are different people
• enjoy our differences and feel lucky to have a twin
3 In the conclusion, underline how the writer feels about having a twin sister.
44 Unit 5 45
Compare-Contrast Essa Writing an Outline
y
Write about the similarities and differences between you and one of your family

members.
Introduction
Brainstorming Ideas & Vocabulary
•children often look like their parents, but they are still different people
A Among your family members, who is similar to you and who is different? •my mom and I are both similar and different in many ways
Points of
appearance personality interests tastes
Comparison Body
Similar to me Mom Dad Dad Mom
Similarity/Difference appearances
Different
brother Mom brother Dad • have brown eyes and a small nose
from me
• have a similar figure: slim and short
B Choose one person who you share both similarities and differences with and
complete the diagram below.
Similarity/Difference personalities
Mom I
• I am outgoing and cheerful ↔ my mom is calm and elegant
• is calm and elegant • have brown eyes • am outgoing and
• I prefer spending time with my friends ↔ m
y mom likes having her own private
• likes knitting and and a small nose cheerful
time
reading books • like comedy movies • like outdoor activities
and chatting with
people Similarity/Difference interests
• knitting: I think it's boring ↔ my mom is interested in it
Organizing Ideas
• outdoor activities: I find them enjoyable ↔ my mom thinks they are tiring

Similarity/Difference • have brown eyes and a small nose

• have a similar figure
My Mom Similarity/Difference
• different personalities: calm, outgoing Conclusion
and I
•my mom and I are both similar and different in some ways
Similarity/Difference
• different interests: knitting, outdoor activities •I appreciate that I have such a wonderful mom
46 Unit 5 47
Writing Model 1
Unit
6 Changing Technology Expositor y Essay

Unit Goal Writing about changes or developments in society
∙ Writing about the history and future of technology
∙ Using different verb forms for different tenses
Changes in Cooking
Cooking today is very different from cooking in the past. As our lives have
War m - Up become busier, cooking has become more convenient.
Long ago, people used to get their food by fishing and farming. Later, people
traded what they had at traditional markets. Once grocery stores were created,
A Look at the pictures and imagine how these things will develop in the future.
people could easily buy many different ingredients for cooking.
Past Present Future Today, most people don’t have much time to cook. Luckily, there is no need
1
?
to spend hours preparing food anymore. We can simply buy pre-chopped
ingredients. In addition, busy people can heat up instant meals in the microwave.
In the future, cooking will be even easier. Robot chefs will do all the work for us.
2 Also, with 3D printers, we will be able to make a variety of foods just by pushing a
? button.
It seems like our cooking methods never stop changing. With new inventions,
cooking will be simpler and more interesting than ever before.
3
Find and circle all of the verbs in the body paragraphs.
? 1 What is the essay about?
the ways cooking has changed over time

do grocery shopping online get all our food from a 3D printer the differences between cooking in the past and in the present
pay in cash or by card pay with our fingerprint or face recognition
read e-books customize stories in e-books
2 Find and underline two important future cooking inventions.
B Talk with your partner about how technology has changed and will change
our lives.
Think!
In the past, people bought groceries only from markets. Now we can do grocery 3 Can you think of another example of how we cook today? [Sample answer]
shopping online. In the future, we will get all our food from a 3D printer.
Nowadays, we can buy meal kits that include pre-chopped ingredients and sauce.
48 Unit 6 49
Expositor y Essay
When you write about changes or developments in society, you can use When you explain changes or developments, you can organize the information
these structures. in chronological order. You should also pay attention to verb tenses.
Once grocery stores were created, people could easily buy many different
A
Body Paragraphs Verbs
ingredients.
Cooking in the past used to get, traded, were created, could buy
B There is no need to spend hours preparing food anymore.
Cooking in the present don�t have, is, can buy, can heat up
Cooking in the future will be, will do, will be able to make
A Match the phrases and write sentences.
1 mobile banking was introduced people could go online anytime

2 GPS devices were created they replaced traditional keys A Write the letter for each detail in the correct body paragraph.
3 keypad door locks were invented fewer people visited banks

Body Paragraphs Details
4 smartphones became available it became easier to find directions
Films in the past a
1 Once mobile banking was introduced, fewer people visited banks. Films in the present c
Films in the future b , d

2 Once GPS devices were created, it became easier to find directions.
3 Once keypad door locks were invented, they replaced traditional keys. a be in black and white b offer customized experiences
c can enjoy longer color movies d be able to change the story
4 Once smartphones became available, people could go online anytime.
B Complete the body paragraphs using the information above. Change the verb
B Complete the sentence sequence using the given phrases.
tenses if necessary.
1 You can buy almost everything online. (go to the market)
→ There is no need to go to the market. were in black and white
The earliest films of the late 1800s .
2 It is more common to pay by card these days. (carry cash) They consisted of a single shot without sound. Although special effects were
→ There is no need to carry cash. sometimes used, they were very limited.
Now, thanks to technical improvements, we can enjoy longer color movies
3 We use electronic door locks in this building. (worry about losing your keys)
with recorded sound. Even more spectacular films with 3D and 4D
→ There is no need to worry about losing your keys.
effects are gaining popularity these days.
4 You can watch your favorite show online anytime. (wait in front of the TV) In the future, films will offer customized experiences . Viewers will be able
→ There is no need to wait in front of the TV. to change the story in real time depending on their tastes.
50 Unit 6 51
Writing Model 2
Analysis
Introduction
The Development of Smartphones
• the smartphone: one of the most useful modern inventions
One of the most useful modern inventions is the smartphone. As smartphone • technology has developed → has completely changed our lives
technology has developed, it has completely changed our lives.
Early smartphones had very basic features like a calendar or a notepad. In
Body
addition, people could use them to send and receive emails.
Today’s smartphones have many more functions. Now there is no need to find a Past
computer for the internet. We can surf the web or stream music and videos on our • had very basic features like a calendar or a notepad
smartphones. We can even play online games. Modern smartphones also have - could use them to send and receive emails
security features like fingerprint technology or face recognition.
Present
Future smartphones will be even better. For example, they will have stronger
security features. So hacking smartphones will be more difficult. Moreover, we • have many more functions
will be able to use them to control all kinds of smart home appliances. - no need to find a computer for the internet
Smartphone technology has greatly improved over time. Once the - can surf the web or stream music and videos on our smartphones
next smartphones arrive, our lives will become more convenient than - can even play online games
ever before. - have security features like fingerprint technology or face recognition
Future
• will be even better
The essay is about the history and future development of the smartphone.
- will have stronger security features
2 How has smartphone technology developed?
- will be able to use smartphones to control all kinds of smart home appliances
The Development of Smartphones
Past Present Future
• had basic features • have many more • will have stronger

Conclusion
functions security features
• also have security • will control all kinds of • smartphone technology has greatly improved over time
features smart home appliances • the next smartphones arrive → our lives will become more convenient
3 Underline what the writer predicts about the future in the conclusion.
52 Unit 6 53
Expositor y Essay Writing an Outline
Look at the items below and imagine how they will develop in the future.

Choose one item and write about its history and future development.
Introduction
•the door lock: one of the most useful devices in history
A Think about how each item has changed our lives. •has made our lives safer and easier
1
“GPS devices tell us where we are
Body
and help us find directions easily.”
a map a GPS Past
2 • latches
“It is more convenient because
you don’t have to carry any keys or - used to unlatch the door to enter the house
worry about losing them.” • keys
a key a keypad door lock
- lock and unlock doors more easily
3 - also had to carry their keys when they went out
“Online streaming services enable
you to watch what you want at any Present
time.” • electronic locks
a TV online streaming services
- can enter your password on a keypad to open the door
- don't have to carry around your keys
B What will these items be like in the future? How will they continue to change
- no need to worry about losing them
our lives?
In the future, door locks will be much smarter. You will be able to open and close
Future
doors with your smartphone.
• will be even more convenient
Organizing Ideas - will be able to open the door with your smartphone
- the phone will connect to the door via Wi-Fi

The Development of Door Locks
Past Present Future

Conclusion
• needed a key • enter the password • won't need to remember
•door locks have changed a lot over time
• always had to carry on a keypad the password
the key • don't have to carry • will be able to open the •future developments will make our lives even better
around the keys door with the smartphone
54 Unit 6 55
Writing Model 1
Unit
7 Teen Issues Opinion Essay

Unit Goal Writing your opinion about an issue
∙ Expressing agreement or disagreement with an opinion
∙ Supporting your opinion with facts and statistics
The Benefits of Learning a Foreign Language
Some people argue that learning a foreign language is a waste of time.

War m - Up However, I think that learning a foreign language has many positive effects on a
person’s life.
1 First of all, you can communicate with people from other countries. For example,
A Do you agree with the statement below? Circle Agree or Disagree and write
the letter of each sentence that supports your opinion. Spanish is used in about twenty countries. Also, if you speak English, you can have
a conversation with nearly half the world’s population!
“Students should be allowed to use
2 Furthermore, you are likely to have more job opportunities if you speak a
their smartphones in class.”
foreign language. You can work for global companies. You can even find jobs in
other countries.
3 Finally, you can enjoy overseas travel without many difficulties. You can easily
read menus in restaurants and signs on the street. If you get lost, you can ask
locals for directions.
In conclusion, people should learn a foreign language so that they can enjoy
Agree / Disagree : b , c , e these benefits. Learning a foreign language can be difficult, but it is worth it!
Find and underline an opinion opposite to the writer’s opinion.

a Students can be distracted during class.
b Students can quickly search for information on their phones. 1 What is the essay about?
c Teachers can use digital platforms in their lessons.
pros and cons of learning a foreign language
d Smartphones can be used to cheat on a test.
reasons why learning a foreign language is useful
e Smartphones have useful functions such as a calculator.
f Some students can bully others on social media during class.
2 Find and number three benefits of learning a foreign language.
B Share your opinion with your partner.
Think!
I agree that students should be allowed to use their smartphones in class. First 3 Which do you think is the best supporting reason among the three? [Sample answer]
of all, students can quickly search for information on their phones...
I think the best supporting reason is that we are likely to have more job opportunities
if we speak a foreign language.
56 Unit 7 57
Opinion Essay
When you write your opinion about an issue, you can use these structures. When you write an opinion essay, you can start with an opposing opinion
A Learning a foreign language has positive effects on a person’s life. in order to emphasize your own. You can also use statistics to support your
B You are likely to have more job opportunities if you speak a foreign language. opinion.
Introduction
A Write sentences using a phrase from each box.

Learning a foreign language is a waste of time. Opposing opinion
blue light from smartphones the environment Learning a foreign language has many positive effects. My opinion
too much homework positive family relationships Body paragraph 1

having dinner together negative student well-being Topic sentence You can communicate with people from other countries.
buying eco-friendly products eye health
Supporting If you speak English, you can have a conversation
detail 2
with nearly half the world’s population.
1 Blue light from smartphones has negative effects on eye health. Statistic
2 Too much homework has negative effects on student well-being.

A Complete the essay about using smartphones in class with the information
3 Having dinner together has positive effects on family relationships. on page 56. [Sample answers]
4 Buying eco-friendly products has positive effects on the environment.

Some people argue that it is okay for students to use their smartphones in class.
But I think students should not be allowed to use their smartphones in class
B Complete the sentence sequence using the phrases from the box.
.
get better grades develop better social skills First, students can be distracted during class .
have more hobbies gain weight more easily For example, some students who bring their smartphone spend up to 20 percent
of their time in class texting, checking social media, and even playing games.
1 Some people enjoy meeting new people.
→ They are likely to develop better social skills. Also, smartphones can be used to cheat on a test .
According to a study in the US, more than a third of teens said that they used their
2 Some students review what they learned.
smartphones to cheat on a test.
→ They are likely to get better grades.
For these reasons, I think it is bad for students to use their smartphones in
3 Some students eat too much fast food. class . This will definitely help students perform better in school.
→ They are likely to gain weight more easily.
4 Some people are interested in trying new things.

→ They are likely to have more hobbies. B Underline the two parts where statistics are used in the essay above.
58 Unit 7 59
Writing Model 2
Analysis
Introduction
Harmful Effects of Video Games
• Opposing opinion: video games have no harmful effects on children
Some people say that video games have no harmful effects on children. • My opinion: playing video games is not good for children
However, I believe that playing video games is not good for children.
First, video games are addictive. According to a study, almost 10 percent of
Body
children who play video games are unable to stop. While they spend most of
their time gaming, they ignore important tasks like schoolwork. Reason 1: are addictive
Second, video games encourage aggressive behavior. Around 85 percent of
• Statistic almost 10 percent of children who play video games are
video games contain violence. Children who play these games are more likely to
unable to stop
act aggressively. They are also less likely to get along well with others.
• spend most of their time gaming
Third, playing video games is bad for children’s health. Many children who
→ ignore important tasks like schoolwork
play video games do not get enough physical exercise. They may also have
trouble sleeping or concentrating in school.
Reason 2: encourage aggressive behavior
In short, video games have a bad influence on children. I think children will
• Statistic around 85 percent of video games contain violence
benefit from doing other activities instead.
• more likely to act aggressively
• also less likely to get along well with others
1 What is the writer’s opinion about the topic?
The writer thinks that playing video games is not good for children.
Reason 3: bad for children's health
2 What are three reasons that support the writer’s opinion? • do not get enough physical exercise
Reason 1 • may have trouble sleeping or concentrating in school

My opinion • are addictive
Playing video
Reason 2
games is not good • encourage aggressive behavior
for children . Conclusion
Reason 3
• is bad for children's health • video games have a bad influence on children
• children will benefit from doing other activities instead
3 Underline the sentence in the conclusion that restates the writer’s opinion.
60 Unit 7 61
Opinion Essay Writing an Outline
Do you agree with the following statement? Write your opinion.

“Students should have less homework.”
Introduction
• Opposing opinion: students need more homework to do better at school
A Match the sentences with the relevant statistics that support them. • My opinion: students should have less homework
1 Homework improves student Experts say children should exercise for

achievement. at least sixty minutes a day. Body
2 In fact, students in grades 6 to 8 spend
Homework makes students Reason 1 makes students feel stressed
thirty-nine minutes a day on their
feel stressed. • too much homework → students can lose interest in school
homework on average.
• more than 56 percent of students said that homework is a major reason they get
3 The time students actually Students who did their homework stressed about school
spend on homework is not performed better than 69 percent of
that long. students who did not.
4 Reason 2 need more time for other activities

In a study, more than 56 percent of
Students need more time for
students said that homework is a major • should exercise for at least sixty minutes a day
activities other than studying.
reason they get stressed about school. - if students have less homework → can have more time to play outside
• can also spend more time with their families
B Circle the number of each sentence that supports your opinion. Then think of
one more reason. Homework doesn’t always help students learn. Reason 3 doesn't always help students learn
• find other ways to finish homework
Organizing Ideas - copy their classmates' homework

Reason 1
My opinion • makes students feel stressed
Students Conclusion
Reason 2 • students need more time for other
should have activities
less homework. •homework can have negative effects on students
Reason 3 • homework doesn't always help students •having less homework would make students' lives better
learn
62 Unit 7 63
Writing Model 1
Unit
8 Something to Admire Opinion Essay

Unit Goal Writing about the qualities of great people
∙ Explaining the qualities that make someone admirable
∙ Defining the meaning of a key word and providing examples
What Makes a Hero
We don’t need superpowers to be heroes. I think what makes a real hero is

War m - Up courage.
Courage is the willingness to do something dangerous or difficult. It is easy to
help others when we have nothing to lose. However, a true hero shows courage by
A Think of the qualities that make a good student. Then rank the qualities listed
below. [Sample answers] helping others, even in the face of danger.
One real-life hero was Lee Soo Hyun. He was a Korean college student living
4 diligence: working hard in Tokyo. One day, he saw a man on the tracks at a train station. He and another
man jumped down onto the tracks to save him. Just then, a train was approaching.
5 cooperation: working well in groups Sadly, they could not get out in time. All three men lost their lives.
Even though Lee was not successful in rescuing the man, he showed true
1 self-management: being organized
courage. I think those who risk their own safety to help others will always be
remembered as heroes.
3 concentration: focusing on your goals
Find and underline the definition of a word.
2 motivation: setting goals for yourself and chasing them 1 What is the essay about?
the impressive story of a brave young hero

6 confidence: believing in yourself and accepting challenges
an important quality that a hero should have
2 What did Lee Soo Hyun do for another person?

B Share your opinion with your partner.
He jumped down onto the tracks at a train station to save a man.
What is the most important quality of a good student?

Think!
I think the most important quality is diligence. 3 What do you think is another important quality of a hero? [Sample answer]
Students who work hard can improve themselves.
I think confidence is another important quality of a hero.
64 Unit 8 65
Opinion Essay
When you write about a person’s qualities, you can use these structures. When you write an opinion essay, it is important to support your opinion with
A Even though Lee was not successful in rescuing the man, he showed true facts. In Writing Model 1, the writer uses the definition of a key word and an
courage. example from real life as supporting details.
B Those who risk their own safety to help others will always be remembered
Body Paragraphs Details
as heroes.
Body The meaning of the willingness to do something dangerous
Paragraph 1 courage or difficult
A Choose a sentence from each box and combine them using even though . Body The story of tried to save a man on the tracks at a train
Paragraph 2 Lee Soo Hyun station
We knew the problem. He did not pass the exam.
I already apologized to her. She is still angry at me.
He tried his best. She achieved her dreams. A Complete the table using your opinion on page 64 about the qualities of a
She faced difficulties. We did not know how to solve it. good student. [Sample answers]
1 Even though we knew the problem, we did not know how to solve it. Body Paragraphs Details
Body The meaning of
2 Even though I already apologized to her, she is still angry at me. concentration focusing on a goal until you accomplish it
Paragraph 1
3 Even though he tried his best, he did not pass the exam. Body An example from My classmate Sam never gets distracted
Paragraph 2 real life in class.
4 Even though she faced difficulties, she achieved her dreams.
B Complete the essay using the information above. [Sample answers]
B Write sentences using the given phrases.

When it comes to the qualities of a good student, I think concentration
1 (do not fear failure, be the most successful)
is the most important.
→ Those who do not fear failure will be the most successful.
Concentration means focusing on a goal until you accomplish it. By concentrating
meaning
2 (overcome hardship together, become great friends) on the work that you have to do, you can achieve good results.
→ Those who overcome hardship together will become great friends.
My classmate Sam always concentrates on his schoolwork. He never gets
example
3 (treat people with kindness, be welcomed anywhere) distracted during class. So he can usually remember everything he learns.
→ Those who treat people with kindness will be welcomed anywhere.
In short, what makes a good student is concentration .
4 (have great communication skills, be good leaders) I think those who can focus on their work will be good students .
→ Those who have great communication skills will be good leaders.
66 Unit 8 67
Writing Model 2
Analysis
Introduction
What Makes a Great Athlete
• many people enjoy playing sports, but few become great athletes
Many people enjoy playing sports, but few become great athletes. • truly great athletes: those who are self-motivated
I think those who are self-motivated can become truly great athletes.
Motivation can come from many places, such as coaches, parents, or fans.
Body
However, self-motivated athletes do not need others to encourage them. They
work to improve their abilities on their own. Their desire to be the best comes Meaning of self-motivation
from deep inside themselves.
• motivation: can come from many places , such as coaches,
Kim Yuna is a retired world-famous figure skater. Her success shows the
parents, or fans
power of self-motivation. Before the 2010 Olympics, she said, “I am not skating
just to win gold. I am skating for skating.” In other words, she skated because it • self-motivated athletes: do not need others to encourage them
was something that she truly enjoyed. - work to improve their abilities on their own
Even though Kim Yuna was not skating to win a medal, her passion led her to - their desire to be the best comes from deep inside themselves
become an Olympic gold medal winner. In my opinion, self-motivation is the most
important quality to become a great athlete. Example
• Kim Yuna: a retired world-famous figure skater

1 In the writer’s opinion, who can become truly great athletes? • her success shows the power of self-motivation
In the writer's opinion, people who are self-motivated can become truly great
athletes. - “ I am not skating just to win gold. I am skating for skating. ”
2 How does the writer define self-motivation and support his/her opinion? → she skated because it was something that she truly enjoyed
Meaning of self-motivation Example
- does not need others to • Kim Yuna's success shows

A Great
encourage him/her the power of self-motivation Conclusion
Athlete
- works to improve his/her • her passion led her to become an Olympic gold medal winner
abilities on his/her own
• self-motivation : the most important quality to become a great
athlete
3 Underline the sentence in the conclusion that restates the thesis statement.
68 Unit 8 69
What makes a good friend? Write about the most important quality of a good friend.

A Think about some of your good friends and what their personalities are like. •we all have friends, but not all of them are good friends
Brainstorm the qualities that a good friend should have. Add your own ideas. •truly good friends: those who are helpful
supportive loyal
honest reliable Body
A Good Friend Meaning of being helpful
helpful kind
open- • helpful friends: be always willing to give a hand when you need it
humorous
minded - never run away from difficult situations
- give advice and offer support
B Which of the qualities above is most important? How would you define this - make it easier for you to deal with problems
quality?
Those who are helpful give you a hand whenever you need it.
Those who are supportive encourage you when you try new things.
Example
C Can you think of an example from real life that represents the quality you
chose? • Jamie: one of my classmates who is always helpful
When I lost my textbook, my friend Jamie let me borrow hers. Thanks to her, I was • helped me look for my textbook and suggested that I borrow her textbook
able to study for an exam. → I was able to study and pass the exam
When I auditioned for a school play, some of my friends doubted me. But Jessica
believed in and supported me. Thanks to her, I felt more confident.
Organizing Ideas

Meaning of being helpful Example

Conclusion
A Good
• be willing to give a hand • My friend Jamie helped me
Friend • give advice and offer look for my textbook •couldn't find my textbook, but tried to help me anyway
support • borrowed her textbook •those who are helpful: should be considered our true friends
70 Unit 8 71
Writing Model 1
Unit
9 A Better Choice Opinion Essay

Unit Goal Writing an essay about your preferences
∙ Giving reasons to support your preference
∙ Contrasting two options to explain your preference
Domestic or International Travel
If you had a choice, would you rather travel in your own country or go
War m - Up somewhere far away? I would rather travel domestically than internationally.
Compared to international travel, domestic travel is cheap. I can visit many
places in my own country without taking a plane. Instead, I can travel by bus or
A Look at the pictures and check the one you prefer. Then think of the advantages
of each option. [Sample answers] train, which is less expensive.
Domestic travel is also less stressful. In a foreign country, communication can
1 When I go on a trip, I prefer to sleep…
be difficult because of the language barrier. In contrast, I don’t need to worry too
much about communication or cultural differences in my own country.
Finally, traveling domestically enables me to have a more flexible schedule. I am
very familiar with the transportation systems in my own country. So I can easily
change my travel plans depending on the situation.
in a tent in a hotel There are many advantages to traveling domestically. I think everyone should
try visiting beautiful places in their own country.
2 When I attend a concert, I prefer to be…
reasons why the writer prefers domestic travel

reasons why the writer prefers international travel
in a seat in the standing area

2 Find and underline three advantages of domestic travel.
have more fun feel safe enjoy nature watch comfortably What three points did the writer use to compare the two options?
The writer used price, stress, and flexibility to compare the two options.
B Talk about your preferences with your partner. Think!
3 Which of the two options do you prefer? Why? [Sample answer]

I would rather sleep in a tent than in a hotel. If I sleep in a tent,
I can enjoy nature. Also, I can make a campfire near my tent. I prefer traveling internationally to domestically. When I travel abroad, I can
experience new things.
72 Unit 9 73
Opinion Essay
When you write about your preferences, you can use these structures. When you write about your preferences, you should give reasons to support
A I would rather travel domestically than (travel) internationally. them. Contrasting two options is an effective way to emphasize differences
B Traveling domestically enables me to have a more flexible schedule. and clarify your opinion.
Main Idea In a foreign country:

I would rather travel domestically difficult to communicate easily
A Write sentences using the given phrases. than internationally.
contrasting
1 (tour a city, explore nature) Reason 2 In my own country:
→ I would rather tour a city than explore nature. Domestic travel is less stressful. no need to worry too much about
communication or cultural differences
2 (relax at home, go hiking)
→ I would rather relax at home than go hiking.
A If you had a choice, would you rather live in a traditional house or a modern
3 (go to the beach, climb a mountain) apartment? Think about the two housing options and fill in the table.
[Sample answers]
→ I would rather go to the beach than climb a mountain.
Traditional house Modern apartment
4 (live in my own country, live abroad) have to share some areas
offers more personal space
→ I would rather live in my own country than live abroad. with neighbors
no need to worry about should avoid making noises
being too loud since it could bother your neighbors
weaker security systems compared
stronger security systems
to a modern apartment
B Write sentences using a phrase from each box.
B Imagine you prefer a traditional house. Complete the body paragraphs about
live in a traditional house do the things that I want
your preference by giving two supporting reasons. [Sample answers]
visit foreign countries stay in shape
do outdoor activities experience different cultures
travel alone have more personal space First, a traditional house offers more personal space .
For example, a traditional house usually has a yard, so I can play with my dog
1 Living in a traditional house enables me to have more personal space.
there. However, I have to share some areas with my neighbors
Visiting foreign countries enables me to experience different cultures. if I live in an apartment.

2
Second, in a traditional house, I don’t need to worry about being too loud
3 Doing outdoor activities enables me to stay in shape. . In contrast, I should avoid making noises
in an apartment, since it could bother my neighbors .
4 Traveling alone enables me to do the things that I want.
74 Unit 9 75
Writing Model 2
Analysis
Introduction
The Best Way to Study
• Options: study by yourself or with some classmates
If you had an exam, would you study by yourself or with some classmates? • Preference: would rather study alone than in a group
I would rather study alone than in a group.
First, I can focus better by myself. I love chatting with my classmates. When
I am alone, I can study without wasting time talking about other things. Body
In addition, I can create a perfect study environment for myself when I am
Reason 1: can focus better by myself
alone. Everyone has their own ideal study environment. Therefore, it can be hard
to create the right mood for everyone in a group.
• in a group: love chatting with my classmates
Finally, studying by myself enables me to learn at my own pace. In a group, ↔ alone: study without wasting time talking about other things
I have to spend time on topics I already understand. By contrast, when I study
alone, I can focus on what I find difficult.
Reason 2: can create a perfect study environment for myself
In brief, studying alone has more benefits than studying in a group. I think you
can get better results if you study by yourself. • everyone has their own ideal study environment
• in a group: hard to create the right mood for everyone

The essay is about the writer's study preference.
Reason 3: can learn at my own pace
2 Why does the writer prefer studying alone? • in a group: have to spend time on topics I already understand
Reason 1
↔ alone: focus on what I find difficult
• can focus better by myself
My preference
Reason 2
Studying • can create a perfect study environment for
myself
alone
Reason 3 Conclusion
• can learn at my own pace
• studying alone has more benefits than studying in a group
• study by yourself → can get better results
3 Underline the sentence in the conclusion that summarizes the essay.
76 Unit 9 77
Choose one of the topics below and write about your preference.

A Which do you prefer? Choose and check. • Options: travel alone or travel with a friend
• Preference: would rather travel with a friend than alone
1 going to the beach going to the mountains
2 traveling alone or traveling with a friend

Body
3 doing indoor activities doing outdoor activities
Reason 1 is more fun
B Choose one of the topics above and think of the reasons why you prefer it.
• alone: usually do the same thing everywhere I go
↔ with a friend: can try new and interesting activities that they suggest
traveling with a friend: I can save money during the trip.
cost / mood or environment / things you can enjoy (food, activities, etc.) / safety
C What is the main reason for your choice? Give supporting details by
contrasting the two options. Reason 2 can save money
You can share a hotel room with a friend when you travel together. In contrast, • with a friend: can share hotel room and transportation costs
you should pay for the full price for a room when you travel by yourself.
↔ alone: should pay for everything myself
I prefer going to the beach because it is more convenient. You can easily find
restaurants or shops near the beach. On the other hand, you need to bring your
own snacks and drinks when you go to the mountains.
Reason 3 can take pictures more easily with a friend
Organizing Ideas • with a friend: take turns snapping photos of each other
↔ alone: should use a selfie stick to take pictures of myself

Reason 1
• can have more fun
My preference
Reason 2
Traveling • can save money Conclusion
with a friend
Reason 3 •traveling with a friend has many advantages
• can take pictures of each other •travel with a friend → can make your trip more fun and memorable
78 Unit 9 79
Writing Model 1
Unit
10 Small Actions, Big Changes Problem-Solution Essay

Unit Goal Writing a problem-and-solution essay
∙ Writing about an environmental problem and possible solutions
∙ Making your ideas more persuasive
Saving the Planet with Responsible Tourism
Traveling is a great way to learn about the world, but it can have negative
War m - Up effects on the environment. To protect our beautiful planet, it is important to be a
responsible tourist.
One thing you can do is clean up after yourself. People often visit popular
A Look at the pictures of some environmental problems. What are some possible
solutions for each problem? tourist sites, such as famous beaches, and leave litter behind. This trash ends up
in the sea, where it harms marine animals. By cleaning up our trash, we can help
preserve ocean life.
Another good idea is to follow the rules in natural areas. Most ecosystems are
very sensitive. Although activities like scuba diving and camping are fun, they can
damage animal habitats. To keep these areas safe and healthy, make sure you
air pollution water pollution obey the rules at all times.

As tourism grows, it is putting more pressure on the environment. We must be
more careful when traveling in order to save our planet.
how to make the planet a better place for animals to live in

soil pollution plastic waste
how to become a responsible traveler and protect the environment
carry a reusable water bottle use less laundry detergent
use organic fertilizers walk or cycle short distances 2 What two solutions does the writer suggest?
First, we can clean up after ourselves. Second, we can follow the rules in natural areas.
Find and underline the two problems caused by tourists.
B Choose one environmental problem and discuss some possible solutions.
Think!
Air pollution is a serious problem. We can walk or cycle short distances 3 What else can we do to protect the environment when traveling? [Sample answer]
to reduce air pollution. We can also take public transportation more often.
We can use public transportation instead of taxis.
80 Unit 10 81
Problem-Solution Essay
When you write about problems and solutions, you can use these When you write a problem-and-solution essay, you should explain why the
structures. current situation is a problem. This will help the reader understand how your
A This trash ends up in the sea, where it harms marine animals. solution can help.
B By cleaning up our trash, we can help preserve ocean life. Problem Traveling has negative effects on the environment.
Solution Clean up after yourself.
Situation People leave litter behind at tourist sites.
A Complete the sentences using the phrases from the box.
→ This trash ends up in the sea, where it harms marine animals.
they get into fruits and vegetables it releases toxic chemicals

factories run all day long a lot of plastic waste is produced A Look at the problem below and write about the situation using the phrases
from the box.
1 Pesticides stay in the soil, where they get into fruits and vegetables.
Problem
2 Many people drink coffee at cafés, where a lot of plastic waste is produced . A huge amount of waste is produced every day, which pollutes the environment.
Situation
3 We bury our trash in landfill sites, where it releases toxic chemicals .
• Many people buy low-quality products because they are cheaper.
4 The air quality is terrible in the city, where factories run all day long . → These products break easily and are thrown away quickly .
• A lot of products are sold with too much packaging .

→ Packaging materials like wrapping paper create unnecessary waste .
B Write sentences using the given phrases. create unnecessary waste buy low-quality products
are thrown away quickly are sold with too much packaging
1 (plant trees, produce more oxygen)
→ By planting trees, we can produce more oxygen.
B Complete the body paragraph with your solution to one example above.
2 (keep beaches clean, protect marine animals) [Sample answers]
→ By keeping beaches clean, we can protect marine animals.
3 (use less fossil fuel, reduce air pollution) One thing you can do is buy high-quality products that you can use for a long time
.
solution
→ By using less fossil fuel, we can reduce air pollution. Many people buy low-quality products because they are cheaper. These products
situation
break easily and are thrown away quickly.
4 (grow organic vegetables, help improve the soil)
→ By growing organic vegetables, we can help improve the soil. By buying high-quality products , we can reduce the amount of
waste that goes into the environment.
82 Unit 10 83
Writing Model 2
Analysis
Introduction
Solutions to Plastic Pollution
• Problem: plastic has harmful effects on the environment
Plastic is a very useful material, but it has harmful effects on the environment. • it is important to reduce the amount of plastic we use
To protect nature, it is important to reduce the amount of plastic we use.
An easy way to do this is to take a reusable bag when you go shopping. Each
Body
year, people throw away billions of plastic bags. As the bags break down, they
release toxic chemicals into soil and water. By bringing your own bag, you can Solution 1: take a reusable bag when you go shopping
greatly reduce your use of plastic. • Situation:
Another option is to recycle. Every year we produce a great deal of plastic.
- people throw away billions of plastic bags each year
However, only a small percentage is recycled. The rest ends up in landfills or in
- the bags break down → release toxic chemicals into soil and
the ocean, where it damages natural ecosystems. If we recycle our plastic, we
water
can limit the amount of trash in the environment.
• bringing your own bag → greatly reduce your use of plastic
Plastic pollution is a serious problem. We have to change our habits if we want
to keep our planet healthy.
Solution 2: recycle
• Situation:
1 What does the writer think we should do to protect nature?
- we produce a great deal of plastic
The writer thinks we should reduce the amount of plastic we use.
→ only a small percentage is recycled
- the rest ends up in landfills or in the ocean
2 What two solutions does the writer propose?
→ damages natural ecosystems
Solution 1 • recycle our plastic → limit the amount of trash in the environment
• take a reusable bag when you go shopping
Plastic
Pollution
Solution 2
• recycle Conclusion
• plastic pollution is a serious problem

• have to change our habits if we want to keep our planet healthy
3 Underline the writer’s suggestion about plastic pollution in the conclusion.
84 Unit 10 85
Problem-Solution Essay Writing an Outline
Think of the environmental problems we are facing. Choose one and write about

possible solutions to the problem.
Introduction
• Problem: air pollution is getting worse
A Read the sentences below. Write the letter of each sentence under the •it is important to reduce the harmful gases in the air
environmental problem it describes.
Air pollution
Body
b, e a A great deal of waste is buried in landfills.
b Cars produce a lot of greenhouse gases. Solution 1 take public transportation
Soil pollution
c Some farmers use too much chemical fertilizer. • Situation:
a, c d Untreated wastewater is released from factories. - many people drive cars in cities → produce a lot of greenhouse gases
Water pollution e Almost every item we use is made by burning fossil fuels. • taking the bus or subway instead
f Sewage from households is dumped into rivers. → can reduce the amount of greenhouse gases we produce
d, f
B Choose one problem and think of some possible solutions.

air pollution: take public transportation more often
Solution 2 reuse and recycle products
Words & Expressions • Situation:
purchase secondhand items use renewable energy - millions of new products are created
use eco-friendly farming methods improve water treatment systems - almost all of them are made by burning fossil fuels
take public transportation more often try to reuse and recycle products - many of these items are cheap → people easily throw them away
• reuse and recycle the items
Organizing Ideas → can use less fossil fuel

Solution 1
Problem
• take public transportation more often
Conclusion
Air Pollution Solution 2 •air pollution is a critical environmental challenge

• try to reuse and recycle products •must change our habits if we want to keep our air clean
86 Unit 10 87
Memo

Write It! Paragraph To Essay 3 TB Answer Key

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Write It! Paragraph To Essay 3 TB Answer Key

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Par

Unit 1 Essay Structure

Step 3 Writing Model 2 Step 4 Writing Task

Units 2 ~ 10 Essay Writing

Narrative Essay Write about an experience

Expository Essay • There are many reasons why ~ is

Problem-Solution Essay Write about possible

Topic Good writers

The Qualities of Good Writers

The Qualities of Good Writers

1 What Is an Essay? Basic Structure

2 Find and number three ways to become a better writer.

3 How is the conclusion different from the closing sentence?

1 OS There are many talented people in my family.

4 TS However, having money does not necessarily make you happy.

Opening sentence: We all know our brain is a very important organ.

B Use the model essay to fill in the outline below.

become a better writer.

2 A Lesson from Experience Narrative Essay

2 How did the writer lose Max?

4 I found my baby brother playing with my textbook.

2 I put off studying and played video games instead.

B Write sentences using should have + past participle.

1 What is the essay about?

Actions Speak Louder Than Words • people stopped littering

Narrative Essay Writing an Outline

Brainstorming Ideas & Vocabulary Introduction

• a friend in need is a friend indeed

Words & Expressions Middle

Organizing Ideas End

Beginning Middle End

• used to walk to • needed help walking to school • helped me for

3 The Story of Our Lives Biographical Essay

Sherlock Holmes is a fictional character in Arthur Conan Doyle’s stories. He is

the life story of Sherlock Holmes

2 Find and underline some important events in Sherlock Holmes’s life.

→ It was in 2002 that he opened his first restaurant.

many children her fascinating fantasy stories

Childhood Work and achievements After retirement

• born in Seoul • composed many hit songs • started her own

4 Exploring the World Expositor y Essay

South Korea is a fascinating country. There are many reasons why it is

What are some reasons why Korean

2 What are three famous things from South Korea?

Another reason is Korean cuisine. bibimbap Example

A Write sentences using the given words.

B Complete the sentences using a phrase from each box.

a traditional Scottish skirt has a mysterious history

1 What is the essay about? Famous for 3: the Amazon rainforest

Brainstorming Ideas & Vocabulary Introduction

•Vietnam: a beautiful country

Ha Long Famous for 1 Pho

Famous for 1 Details • unique taste, excellent aroma

5 So Alike, Yet So Different Compare-Contrast Es

the lifelong relationship between Jobs and Gates

3 (have long straight hair, have short curly hair)

2 (our physical appearances, my brother and I look very similar) of books.

1 What is the essay about?

Similarity/Difference • have brown eyes and a small nose

6 Changing Technology Expositor y Essay

? 1 What is the essay about?

the ways cooking has changed over time

1 mobile banking was introduced people could go online anytime

Expository Essay • There are many reasons why ~ is

4 TS However, having money does not necessarily make you happy.

B Use the model essay to fill in the outline below.

B Write sentences using should have + past participle.

• used to walk to • needed help walking to school • helped me for

• born in Seoul • composed many hit songs • started her own

A Write sentences using the given words.

B Complete the sentences using a phrase from each box.

• had basic features • have many more • will have stronger

A Write sentences using a phrase from each box.

B Complete the essay using the information above. [Sample answers]

B Write sentences using the given phrases.

- does not need others to • Kim Yuna's success shows

B Choose one problem and think of some possible solutions.