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Pre-Calculus Formulas

1. Conic Sections

General Equation: 3. Trigonometry:


2
A x + Bxy +C y + Dx+ Ey=F
2

θ×
360
Discriminant Method: B2 +4 AC
y=a sin bx ; y=a cos bx ; y=a tan bx
Circle:

SF: (x-h)2 + (y-k)2 = r2 P=
¿ b∨¿ ¿
2 2
D E x=r cos θ
+ −F
4 4
y=r sin θ
Ellipse:
2 2 2
r =x + y
¿¿
−1 y
2 tan
2b x
LR=
a
4. Pythagorean Identities
a c
( e )= = .sin2 θ+cos 2 θ=1
d a
2 2
Parabola: 1+ tan θ=sec θ
2 2
SF: ¿ cot θ+1=csc θ
LR=4a 5.Reciprocal Relation

Hyperbola: 1 1
sin θ= , csc θ=
2 2 csc θ sin θ
( x −ℎ) ( y − k )
SF: − =1 1 1
a2 b2 cos θ= , sec θ=
sec θ cos θ
2. Number Sequence
1 1
Arithmetic: tanθ= , cot θ=
cot θ tan θ
a n=[ a +a ]
1 n 6.Ratio Relation
n sin θ
Sn= [2 a1 + ( n −1 ) d ] tanθ=
2 cos θ
n cos θ
¿ [a1+ an ] cot θ=
2 sinθ
d=an −a n −1

Geometric:

a n=¿
n
a (r −1)
Sn =
r −1

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