WFM01 Exercise Book by Topic

EDEXCEL AS and A Level
Exercise Book
Contents
Introduction v•
1. Mathematical formulae 1 µ1
b.
2. Chapter 1: Complex Numbers 4 4.
3. Chapter 2: Numerical Solutions of Equations 25 I

29
4. Chapter 3: Coordinate Systems 36 43
5. Chapter 4: Matrix Algebra 55 64

MHqg•
6. Chapter 5: Series 73 87
7. Chapter 6: Proof by Mathematical Induction 82 100

Further Pure Mathematics FP1
Candidates sitting FP1 may also require those formulae listed under Core Mathematics C1
and C2.
Summations
n
r 2 = 16 n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
r =1
n
r 3 = 14 n 2 (n + 1) 2
r =1
Numerical solution of equations

f( x n )
The Newton-Raphson iteration for solving f( x) = 0 : x n +1 = x n −
f ′( x n )
Conics
Rectangular
Parabola
Hyperbola
Standard
y 2 = 4ax xy = c2
Form
Parametric c
(at2, 2at) ct,
Form t
Foci (a, 0) Not required
Directrices x = −a Not required
Matrix transformations
cos θ − sin θ
Anticlockwise rotation through θ about O:
sin θ cos θ
cos 2θ sin 2θ
Reflection in the line y = (tan θ ) x :
sin 2θ − cos 2θ
In FP1, θ will be a multiple of 45°.
1
*1
Core Mathematics C1
Mensuration
Surface area of sphere = 4π r 2
Area of curved surface of cone = π r × slant height
Arithmetic series
un = a + (n – 1)d
1 1
Sn = n(a + l) = n[2a + (n − 1)d]
2 2
2
2
Why

Core Mathematics C2
Candidates sitting C2 may also require those formulae listed under Core Mathematics C1.
Cosine rule
a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc cos A
Binomial series
n n n
( a + b) n = a n + a n −1b + a n−2 b 2 + + a n−r b r + + bn (n ∈ )

1 2 r
n n!
where = n Cr =
r r! (n − r )!
n(n − 1) 2 n(n − 1) (n − r + 1) r
(1 + x) n = 1 + nx + x + + x + ( x < 1, n ∈ )
1× 2 1× 2 × × r
Logarithms and exponentials
log b x
log a x =
log b a
Geometric series
un = arn − 1
a (1 − r n )
Sn =
1− r
S∞ = for r < 1

1− r
Numerical integration
b−a
The trapezium rule: y dx ≈ 1
h{(y0 + yn) + 2(y1 + y2 + ... + yn – 1)}, where h =
a
2
n
3
*3

Chapter 1. Complex numbers
4
5
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
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2. 4
4. z=
1+ i
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Find, in the form a + i b where a, b
(a) z
(2)
(b) z2
(2)
Given that z is a complex root of the quadratic equation x2 + px + q = 0, where p and q are
real integers,
(c) find the value of p and the value of q.

(3)
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1.3. Given that z1 = 1 − i ,
(a) find arg( z1 ).

(2)
Given also that z2 = 3 + 4i, find, in the form a + ib, a, b ∈ ,
(b) z1 z2 ,
(2)
z2
(c) .
z1 (3)
In part (b) and part (c) you must show all your working clearly.
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p
b
p − 4i
2 − 3i
8
z = 45
w=
z
a
w
z
p
4
π
w
w
p
4.
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w5. A complex number z is given by
7.
z = a + 2i

where a is a non-zero real number.
(a) Find z2 + 2z in the form x + iy where x and y are real expressions in terms of a.
(4)
Given that z2 + 2z is real,
(b) find the value of a.

(1)
Using this value for a,
(c) find the values of the modulus and argument of z, giving the argument in radians, and
giving your answers to 3 significant figures.
(3)

(d) Show the points P, Q and R, representing the complex numbers z, z2 and z2 + 2z
respectively, on a single Argand diagram with origin O.
(3)
(e) Describe fully the geometrical relationship between the line segments OP and QR.
(2)
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4.
6
6. z1 = 3i and z2 =
1+ i 3
(a) Express z2 in the form a + ib, where a and b are real numbers.
(2)
(b) Find the modulus and the argument of z2, giving the argument in radians in terms of
(4)
(c) Show the three points representing z1, z2 and (z1 + z2 ) respectively, on a single
Argand diagram.
(2)
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7. The complex numbers z1 and z2 are given by
1.
z1 = p + 2i and z2 = 1 – 2i
where p is an integer.
z1
(a) Find in the form a + bi where a and b are real. Give your answer in its simplest
z2
form in terms of p.
(4)
z
Given that 1 = 13,
z2
(b) find the possible values of p.

(4)
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4.8. The complex number z is given by
p + 2i
z=
3 + pi
where p is an integer.
(a) Express z in the form a + bi where a and b are real. Give your answer in its simplest
form in terms of p.
(4)
(b) Given that arg(z) = , where tan = 1 find the possible values of p.
(5)
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7. 9. z1 = 2 + 3i, z2 = 3 + 2i, z3 = a + bi, a, b ! "
(a) Find the exact value of |z1 + z2|.

(2)
z1 z3
Given that w = ,
z2
(b) find w in terms of a and b, giving your answer in the form x + iy, x, y ! "
(4)
17 7
Given also that w = – i,
13 13
(c) find the value of a and the value of b,
(3)
(d) find arg w, giving your answer in radians to 3 decimal places.

(2)
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10.
14
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7. 11. z = 2 − i√3
(a) Calculate arg !", giving your answer in radians to 2 decimal places.
(2)
Use algebra to express
(b) z + z"2 in the form a + b i √ 3, where a and b are integers,

(3)
z+7
(c) in the form c + d i √ 3, where c and d are integers.
z −1 (4)
Given that
w = #"– 3i
$
where # is a real constant, and arg(4 − 5i + 3w) = − ,
2
(d) find the value of #.

(2)
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12.
4.
m The quadratic equation
5x2 – 4x + 1 = 0
has roots and .
(a) Write down the value of + and the value of .

(2)
α β 6
(b) Show that + =
β α 5 (4)
(c) Find a quadratic equation with integer coefficients, which has roots
1 1
α+ and β +
α β (6)
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*S45001A01020*
120 Pearson Edexcel International © Pearson Education Limited 2013 Sample Assessment Materials
Advanced Level in Mathematics 16
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• It is given that
13.
7. and are roots of the equation 5 2
x+3=0
Without solving the quadratic equation,

1 1
(a) find the exact value of + 2
α 2
β (5)
3 3
(b) find a quadratic equation which has roots and
α2 β2
giving your answer in the form ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a, b and c are integers to
be found.
(4)
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• It is given that
14.
6. and are roots of the equation
12x2 x+4=0

Without solving the equation,
2 2
(a) find the exact value of +
α β (3)
2 2
(b) find a quadratic equation that has roots and giving your answer in
α β
the form ax2 + bx + c = 0 , where a, b and c are integers to be found.
(6)
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p q
1
and  β 3 + 
α
r


19
qx
x
px
 3 1
 α + β 
x
15.
am
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16. The quadratic equation
2.
Mrs
5x 2 – 2x + 3 = 0
has roots and .
Without solving the equation,
(a) write down the value of ( + ) and the value of

(1)
(b) determine, giving each answer as a simplified fraction, the value of
(i) 2
+ 2
(ii) 3
+ 3
(4)
(c) determine a quadratic equation that has roots
( + 2
) and ( + 2
)
giving your answer in the form px 2 + qx + r = 0 where p, q and r are integers.

(4)
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m Given that 2 and 1 – 5i are roots of the equation
13.
17.
3.
x3 + px2 + 30x + q = 0, p, q
(a) write down the third root of the equation.

(1)
(b) Find the value of p and the value of q.

(5)
(c) Show the three roots of this equation on a single Argand diagram.
(2)
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Bo
15.
18.
22
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m
17.
5. The roots of the equation
19.
z 3 − 8 z 2 + 22 z − 20 = 0
are z1 , z2 and z3 .
(a) Given that z1 = 3 + i, find z2 and z3 .

(4)
(b) Show, on a single Argand diagram, the points representing z1 , z2 and z3 .

(2)
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bx
IĒ
24
ax
b
x
a
b
a
18.
20.
•
Chapter 2. Numerical solutions of equations
25
[6, 7]
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x
x + 2 − 2 x − 1,
26
4
x
1 2
3
f ( x) =
x
1.
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3 −1
2.
2. f(x) = 3x 2 – 25x 2
– 125, x

x).
(2)
The equation f(x) = 0 has a root in the interval [12, 13].
(b) Using x0 = 12.5 as a first approximation to , apply the Newton-Raphson procedure

once to f(x) to find a second approximation to , giving your answer to 3 decimal
places.
(4)
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3.
2. In the interval 13 < x < 14, the equation
 x
3 + xsin   = 0, where x is measured in radians,
 4
has exactly one root, .
(a) Starting with the interval [13, 14], use interval bisection twice to find an interval of
width 0.25 which contains .
(3)
(b) Use linear interpolation once on the interval [13, 14] to find an approximate value for .
Give your answer to 3 decimal places.
(4)
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2.
5
4. f(x) = x3 – 3
+ 2x – 3, x > 0
2x 2
(a) Show that the equation f(x) = 0 has a root in the interval [1.1, 1.5].
(2)
(b) Find f x).

(2)
(c) Using x0 = 1.1 as a first approximation to , apply the Newton-Raphson procedure

once to f(x) to find a second approximation to , giving your answer to 3 decimal
places.
(3)
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2.
5. f(x) = 3 cos2x + x – 2, – x
(a) Show that the equation f(x) = 0 has a root in the interval [2, 3].
(2)
(b) Use linear interpolation once on the interval [2, 3] to find an approximation to .

(3)
(c) The equation f(x) = 0 has another root in the interval [–1, 0]. Starting with this
interval, use interval bisection to find an interval of width 0.25 which contains
(4)
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6.2. f(x) = cos(x2) – x + 3, 0<x<!
(a) Show that the equation f(x) = 0 has a root " in the interval [2.5, 3].
(2)
(b) Use linear interpolation once on the interval [2.5, 3] to find an approximation for ",
giving your answer to 2 decimal places.
(3)
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32
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3
8.3. f ( x) = x 2 + − 3x − 7 , x > 0
4√x
A root ! of the equation f ( x ) = 0 lies in the interval [3 , 5].
Taking 4 as a first approximation to !", apply the Newton-Raphson process once to f ( x )

to obtain a second approximation to ! . Give your answer to 2 decimal places.
(6)
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 x
9.6. f ( x) = tan   + 3x − 6 , −# < x <#
 2
(a) Show that the equation f ( x ) = 0 has a root ! in the interval [1, 2].
(2)
(b) Use linear interpolation once on the interval [1, 2] to find an approximation to !"$
(3)
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2. (a) Show that f ( x) = x 4 + x − 1 has a real root

10. in the interval [0.5, 1.0] .
(2)
(b) Starting with the interval [0.5, 1.0], use interval bisection twice to find an interval of
width 0.125 which contains .
(3)
(c) Taking 0.75 as a first approximation, apply the Newton Raphson process twice to
f ( x) to obtain an approximate value of Give your answer to 3 decimal places.
(5)
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Chapter 3. Coordinate systems
36

X  − a , 0

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 4
 1
a
FXD
C
C
Q
aq
a
37
Ē
C
D
x
x
qy
ax
a
y
D
aq q
F
C
Q aq
C
C
1.
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( )
2. A parabola C has cartesian equation y 2 = 16 x . The point P 4t 2 , 8t is a general point
3.
on C.
(a) Write down the coordinates of the focus F and the equation of the directrix of C.
(3)
(b) Show that the equation of the normal to C at P is y + tx = 8t + 4t 3 .

(5)
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5.4. Points P(ap2, 2ap) and Q(aq2, 2aq), where p2 q2, lie on the parabola y2 = 4ax.
(a) Show that the chord PQ has equation

y (p + q) = 2x + 2apq
(5)
Given that this chord passes through the focus of the parabola,
(b) show that pq= –1

(1)
(c) Using calculus find the gradient of the tangent to the parabola at P.
(2)
(d) Show that the tangent to the parabola at P and the tangent to the parabola at Q are
perpendicular.
(2)
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9.5. The rectangular hyperbola, H, has cartesian equation xy = 25
 5
(a) Show that an equation of the normal to H at the point P  5 p,  , p 0, is

 p
5
y − p2 x = − 5 p3
p (5)
This normal meets the line with equation y = – x at the point A.
(b) Show that the coordinates of A are
 5 5 
 − p + 5 p, p − 5 p
(3)
The point M is the midpoint of the line segment AP.

Given that M lies on the positive x-axis,
(c) find the exact value of the x coordinate of point M.

(3)

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6. The rectangular hyperbola H has equation xy = 9
5.
 3 .
The point A on H has coordinates  6, 
 2
(a) Show that the normal to H at the point A has equation
2y – 8x + 45 = 0
(5)
The normal at A meets H again at the point
(b) Find the coordinates of

(4)
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7. The point P(3p2, 6p) lies on the parabola with equation y 2 = 12x and the point S is the
8.
focus of this parabola.
(a) Prove that SP = 3(1 + p2)

(3)
The point Q(3q2, 6q), p q, also lies on this parabola.
The tangent to the parabola at the point P and the tangent to the parabola at the point Q
meet at the point R.
(b) Find the equations of these two tangents and hence find the coordinates of the point R,
giving the coordinates in their simplest form.
(8)
(c) Prove that SR2 = SP. SQ

(3)
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8. The rectangular hyperbola H has cartesian equation xy = c2.
6.
 c
The point P  ct ,  , t > 0, is a general point on H.
 t
(a) Show that an equation of the tangent to H at the point P is
t 2 y + x = 2ct
(4)
An equation of the normal to H at the point P is t 3x – ty = ct 4 – c
Given that the normal to H at P meets the x-axis at the point A and the tangent to H at P
meets the x-axis at the point B,
(b) find, in terms of c and t, the coordinates of A and the coordinates of B.

(2)
Given that c = 4,
(c) find, in terms of t, the area of the triangle APB. Give your answer in its simplest form.
(3)
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9. The points P(4k2, 8k) and Q(k2, 4k), where k is a constant, lie on the parabola C with
8.
equation y2 = 16x.
The straight line l1 passes through the points P and Q.
(a) Show that an equation of the line l1 is given by
3ky – 4x = 8k2
(4)
The line l2 is perpendicular to the line l1 and passes through the focus of the parabola C.
The line l2 meets the directrix of C at the point R.
(b) Find, in terms of k, the y coordinate of the point R.

(7)
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10.
7. The parabola C has cartesian equation y2 = 4ax, a 0
The points P(ap2, 2ap) and P (ap2, –2ap) lie on C.
(a) Show that an equation of the normal to C at the point P is
y + px = 2ap + ap3
(5)
(b) Write down an equation of the normal to C at the point P .

(1)
The normal to C at P meets the normal to C at P at the point Q.
(c) Find, in terms of a and p, the coordinates of Q.

(2)
Given that S is the focus of the parabola,
(d) find the area of the quadrilateral SPQP .

(3)
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11.
8. The rectangular hyperbola H has equation xy = c2, where c is a positive constant.
 c
The point P  ct ,
  , t ≠ 0, is a general point on H.
t
An equation for the tangent to H at P is given by
1 2c
y= − 2
x+
t t
The points A and B lie on H.

 6 12 
The tangent to H at A and the tangent to H at B meet at the point  − c, c .
 7 7 
Find, in terms of c, the coordinates of A and the coordinates of B.
(5)
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4. The rectangular hyperbola H has Cartesian equation xy = 4
12.
 2
The point P  2t ,  lies on H, where t ! 0
 t
(a) Show that an equation of the normal to H at the point P is
ty – t 3x = 2 – 2t 4
(5)
1
The normal to H at the point where t = – meets H again at the point Q.
2
(b) Find the coordinates of the point Q.
(4)
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13.
6. A parabola C has equation y2 = 4ax, a>0
The points P(ap2, 2ap) and Q(aq2, 2aq) lie on C, where p ! 0, q ! 0, p ! q.
(a) Show that an equation of the tangent to the parabola at P is
py – x = ap2
(4)
(b) Write down the equation of the tangent at Q.

(1)
The tangent at P meets the tangent at Q at the point R.
(c) Find, in terms of p and q, the coordinates of R, giving your answers in their simplest
form.
(4)
Given that R lies on the directrix of C,
(d) find the value of pq.

(2)
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1
1_
50
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5.
16. y
P C
O S x
Figure 1
Figure 1 shows a sketch of the parabola !"with equation y2 = 8x .

The point #"lies on C, where y > 0, and the point Q lies on C, where y < 0
The line segment PQ is parallel to the y-axis.
Given that the distance PQ is 12,
(a) write down the y-coordinate of P,

(1)
(b) find the x-coordinate of P.

(2)
Figure 1 shows the point S which is the focus of C.

The line l passes through the point P and the point S.
(c) Find an equation for l in the form ax + $%"+ c = 0, where a, b and c are integers.
(4)
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17.
8. The rectangular hyperbola H has equation xy = c2 , where c is a positive constant.
 c
The point P  ct ,  , t ≠ 0 , is a general point on H.
 t
(a) Show that an equation for the tangent to H at P is
x + t2 y = 2ct
(4)
The tangent to H at the point P meets the x-axis at the point &"and the y-axis at the point B.
Given that the area of the triangle OAB, where O is the origin, is 36,
(b) find the exact value of c, expressing your answer in the form k √ 2,
where k is an integer.
(4)
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18.
9. The rectangular hyperbola H has cartesian equation xy = 9
 3  3
The points P  3 p,  and Q  3q,  lie on HH, where p ≠ ± q .
 p  q
(a) Show that the equation of the tangent at P is x + p 2 y = 6 p .
(4)
(b) Write down the equation of the tangent at Q.

(1)
The tangent at the pointt P and the tangent at the point Q intersect att R.
(c) Find, as single fractions in their simplest form, the coordinates of R in terms of
p and q.
(4)
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Chapter 4. Matrix algebra
55
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1.  2 1  −1 1
6. A= and B =
 −1 0  0 1
Given that M = (A + B)(2A – B),
(a) calculate the matrix M,

(6)
(b) find the matrix C such that MC = A.

(4)
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4.3. (i) Given that
 1 2
 2 −1 4
A =  3 −1 and B =  ,
   1 3 1
 4 5
(a) find AB.
(b) Explain why AB BA.

(4)
(ii) Given that

 2k −2
C= , where k is a real number
 3 k 
find C–1, giving your answer in terms of k.

(3)
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3 4
9. 4. M=
 2 − 5
(a) Find det M.

(1)
The transformation represented by M maps the point !"(2a – 7, a – 1),

where a is a constant, onto the point !#"(25, –14)."
(b) Find the value of a.

(3)
The point $"has coordinates (6, 0).
Given that O is the origin,
(c) find the area of triangle ORS.

(2)
Triangle ORS is mapped onto triangle %$#!#"by the transformation represented by M.
(d) Find the area of triangle OR'S' .

(2)
Given that
1 − 1
0
A=
1 0
(e) describe fully the single geometrical transformation represented by A.

(2)
The transformation represented by A followed by the transformation represented by B

is equivalent to the transformation represented by M.
(f) Find B.
(4)
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6.
 1 1 
− −

 2 2
5. P= 
 1 −
1 
 2 2
(a) Describe fully the single geometrical transformation U represented by the matrix P.
(2)
The transformation U maps the point A, with coordinates (p, q), onto the point B, with
(b) Find the value of p and the value of q.

(3)
The transformation V, represented by the 2 × 2 matrix Q, is a reflection in the line with

equation y = x.
(c) Write down the matrix Q.

(1)

The transformation U followed by the transformation V is the transformation T. The
transformation T is represented by the matrix R.
(d) Find the matrix R.

Ē (3)
(e) Deduce that the transformation T is self-inverse.

(1)
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11 −8
P=
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 2 −1
4 3
A=6.
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7. Given that k is a real number and that
1.
1 + k k 
A=  

 k 1− k 
find the exact values of k for which A is a singular matrix. Give your answers in their
simplest form.
(3)
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8. (i)
7.
3k − 1
 5k
A=  , where k is a real constant.
 −3 k + 1
Given that A is a singular matrix, find the possible values of k.
(4)
(ii)  10 5
B= 
 −3 3
A triangle T is transformed onto a triangle T' by the transformation represented by the
matrix B.
The vertices of triangle T' have coordinates (0, 0), ( −20 , 6) and (10c, 6c), where c is a
positive constant.
The area of triangle T' is 135 square units.
(a) Find the matrix B–1

(2)
(b) Find the coordinates of the vertices of the triangle T, in terms of c where necessary.
(3)
(c) Find the value of c.

(3)
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7.9. (i) In each of the following cases, find a 2 × 2 matrix that represents
(a) a reflection in the line y = –x,
(b) a rotation of 135° anticlockwise about (0, 0),
(c) a reflection in the line y = –x followed by a rotation of 135° anticlockwise about

(0, 0).
(4)
(ii) The triangle T has vertices at the points (1, k), (3, 0) and (11, 0), where k is a constant.
Triangle T is transformed onto the triangle T by the matrix
 6 −2
 1 2
Given that the area of triangle T is 364 square units, find the value of k.
(6)
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10.
3. (i)
 1 −1 
 2 2
A= 
 1 1 
 2 2
(a) Describe fully the single transformation represented by the matrix A.

(2)
The matrix B represents an enlargement, scale factor –2, with centre the origin.
(b) Write down the matrix B.

(1)
(ii)
 3 k
M= , where k is a positive constant.
 −2 3
Triangle T has an area of 16 square units.
Triangle T is transformed onto the triangle T by the transformation represented by the

matrix M.
Given that the area of the triangle T is 224 square units, find the value of k.
(3)
i
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1.
 x x−2 
11. M=
 3 x − 6 4 x − 11
Given that the matrix M is singular, find the possible values of x.

(4)
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 0 1
8. 12. A=
 2 3
(a) Show that A is non-singular.

(2)
(b) Find B such that BA2 = A.

(4)
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13. (a) Given that
2.
 1 1
 3 1 3
A= and B = 1 2
 4 5 5  
 0 −1
find AB.
(2)
(b) Given that
 3 2  5 2k 
C= , D= , where k is a constant
 8 6  4 k 
and
E=C+D
find the value of k for which E has no inverse.

(4)
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8.
 6 −2
14. A=
 −4 1 
and I is the 2 × 2 identity matrix.
(a) Prove that

A2 = 7A + 2I
(2)
(b) Hence show that
1
A–1 = (A – 7I)
2
(2)
The transformation represented by A maps the point P onto the point Q.
Given that Q has coordinates (2k + 8, – 2k – 5), where k is a constant,
(c) find, in terms of k, the coordinates of P.

(4)
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15. A right angled triangle T has vertices A (1, 1), B (2, 1) and C (2, 4). When T is transformed
4.
 0 1
by the matrix P =  , the image is T ′.
1 0
(a) Find the coordinates of the vertices of T ′.
(2)
(b) Describe fully the transformation represented by P.

(2)
 4 − 2 1 2
The matrices Q =   and R =  represent two transformations. When T is
 3 − 1  3 4
transformed by the matrix QR, the image is T ′′.
(c) Find QR.

(2)
(d) Find the determinant of QR.

(2)
(e) Using your answer to part (d), find the area of T ′′.
(3)
7
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70
16.
p 2  − 5 4
A= , B =
3 p  6 − 5

p
p k
 a − 9
= a
1 2

T
T T'
Li
T'
a
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71
17.
72
Chapter 5. Series
73
n n
1. ∑ r and ∑ r 2
r =1 r =1

n
1
∑ (3r 2
+ 8r + 3) =
2
n (2n + 5)(n + 3)
r =1
12
∑ (3r 2
+ 8r + 3 + k ( 2r −1 ))
r =1

i
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n
3.2. (a) Using the formula for ∑r 2
write down, in terms of n only, an expression for
r =1

3n
∑r 2
r =1 (1)
(b) Show that, for all integers n, where n 0

3n
n
∑ r2 =
6
(an 2 + bn + c)
r = 2 n +1
where the values of the constants a, b and c are to be found.

(4)
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n n
3.3. (a) Using the formulae for ∑ r and ∑ r 2, show that
r =1 r =1
n
n
∑(r + 1)(r + 4) = 3
(n + 4)(n + 5)
r =1
for all positive integers n.

(5)
(b) Hence show that

2n
n
∑ (r + 1)(r + 4) = 3
(n + 1)(an + b)
r = n +1
where a and b are integers to be found.

(3)
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n n
5.4. (a) Use the standard results for ∑ r and ∑ r 2 to show that
r =1 r =1
n
1
∑ (2r − 1) 2
=
3
n(4n 2 − 1)
r =1 (6)
(b) Hence show that

4n
∑ (2r − 1) 2
= an(bn 2 − 1)
r = 2 n +1
where a and b are constants to be found.

(3)
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n n
5.5. (a) Use the standard results for ∑ r and ∑ r 3 to show that
r =1 r =1
n
1
∑ r (r 2
− 3) =
4
n(n + 1)(n + 3)(n − 2)
r =1
(5)
50
(b) Calculate the value of ∑ r (r 2
− 3)
r =10 (3)
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n n
5.6. (a) Use the standard results for ∑ r and ∑r 2
to show that
r =1 r =1
n
1
∑ (r + 2)(r + 3) = 3 n(n 2
+ 9n + 26)
r =1

(6)
(b) Hence show that

3n
2
∑ (r + 2)(r + 3) =
3
n(an 2 + bn + c)
r = n +1
where a, b and c are integers to be found.

(4)
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7.
7
1
80
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n n
4.8. (a) Use the standard results for ∑ r 3 and
r =1
∑r
r =1
to show that
n
1 2 2
∑ (r
r =1
3
+ 6r − 3 = ) 4
n (n + 2n + 13 )

(5)
(b) Hence find the exact value of

30
∑ (r
r = 16
3
+ 6r − 3 )
(2)
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Chapter 6. Proof by mathematical induction
82
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83
un
i
u
n
n
n
un
un
u
n
n
un
n
1.
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8.2. (i) Prove by induction that, for n +

∑ r (r + 1)
2r + 1 1
2 2
=1−
(n + 1) 2
r =1 (5)
(ii) A sequence of positive rational numbers is defined by
u1 = 3
1 8
un + 1 = un + , n +
3 9
Prove by induction that, for n +
n
 1 4
un = 5 ×   +
 3 3
(5)
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6.3. (i) Prove by induction that, for n +
,
n  1 0
 1 0
 −1 5 =  − 1 5n − 1 

 4 ( ) 5n 

(6)
(ii) Prove by induction that, for n +,
n
1
∑ (2r 1)2
3
(
n 4n 2 1 )
r =1
(6)
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9.4. Prove by induction that, for n +
,
f(n) = 8n – 2n
is divisible by 6
(6)
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1 ___________________________________________________________________________
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9.5. (a) Prove by induction that, for n +,
∑ (r + 1)2 r −1
= n 2n
r =1
(5)
(b) A sequence of numbers is defined by
u1 = 0, u2 = 32,
un+2 = 6un+1 – 8un n 1
+,
Prove by induction that, for n
un = 4n +1 – 2n +3
(7)
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9.6. (a) A sequence of numbers is defined by
u1 = 8
un + 1 = 4un – 9n, n !"1
Prove by induction that, for n #"$+,
un = 4n + 3n +"1
(5)
(b) Prove by induction that, for m #"$+,

m
 3 −4  2m + 1 −4m 
 1 −1 =
 m 1 − 2m
(5)
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7.
89
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10.
8. Prove by induction that, for n ∈! + ,
f ( n ) = 22n – 1 + 32n – 1 is divisible by 5.

(6)
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6.9. (a) Prove by induction
n
1
∑r 3
= n 2 (n + 1) 2
4
r =1 (5)
(b) Using the result in part (a), show that

n
1
∑ (r 3
− 2) =
4
n(n3 + 2n 2 + n − 8)
r =1 (3)
50
(c) Calculate the exact value of ∑ (r 3
− 2) .
r = 20 (3)
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7.
10. A sequence can be described by the recurrence formula
un +1 = 2un + 1, n 1, u1 = 1
(a) Find u2 and u3 .

(2)
(b) Prove by induction that un = 2n − 1

(5)
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EDEXCEL AS and A Level

3. Chapter 2: Numerical Solutions of Equations 25 I

4. Chapter 3: Coordinate Systems 36 43

5. Chapter 4: Matrix Algebra 55 64

7. Chapter 6: Proof by Mathematical Induction 82 100

Numerical solution of equations

Foci (a, 0) Not required

Directrices x = −a Not required

In FP1, θ will be a multiple of 45°.

Surface area of sphere = 4π r 2

Area of curved surface of cone = π r × slant height

( a + b) n = a n + a n −1b + a n−2 b 2 + + a n−r b r + + bn (n ∈ )

Logarithms and exponentials

S∞ = for r < 1

Chapter 1. Complex numbers

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(c) find the value of p and the value of q.

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1.3. Given that z1 = 1 − i ,

(a) find arg( z1 ).

Given also that z2 = 3 + 4i, find, in the form a + ib, a, b ∈ ,

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Given that z2 + 2z is real,

(b) find the value of a.

Using this value for a,

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(b) find the possible values of p.

(a) Find the exact value of |z1 + z2|.

(d) find arg w, giving your answer in radians to 3 decimal places.

Use algebra to express

(b) z + z"2 in the form a + b i √ 3, where a and b are integers,

(d) find the value of #.

has roots and .

(a) Write down the value of + and the value of .

Without solving the quadratic equation,

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Without solving the equation,

(a) write down the value of ( + ) and the value of

(b) determine, giving each answer as a simplified fraction, the value of

(c) determine a quadratic equation that has roots

giving your answer in the form px 2 + qx + r = 0 where p, q and r are integers.

(a) write down the third root of the equation.

(b) Find the value of p and the value of q.

(a) Given that z1 = 3 + i, find z2 and z3 .

(b) Show, on a single Argand diagram, the points representing z1 , z2 and z3 .

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The equation f(x) = 0 has a root in the interval [12, 13].

(b) Using x0 = 12.5 as a first approximation to , apply the Newton-Raphson procedure

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has exactly one root, .

(b) Find f x).

(c) Using x0 = 1.1 as a first approximation to , apply the Newton-Raphson procedure

Give your answer to 3 decimal places.

A root ! of the equation f ( x ) = 0 lies in the interval [3 , 5].

Taking 4 as a first approximation to !", apply the Newton-Raphson process once to f ( x )

2. (a) Show that f ( x) = x 4 + x − 1 has a real root

(b) Show that the equation of the normal to C at P is y + tx = 8t + 4t 3 .

(a) Show that the chord PQ has equation

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(b) show that pq= –1