ee lGCSE Business Stld

3 Subject content
course that willinterest, challenge and engage your learners.
design a support
This syllabus givesyouthe flexibilityto for selecting topics,subject contexts, resources and examples to context as
responsible learning
Where appropriate you are appropriate for the learners' age, cultural background and
be
your learners' study. These should
well as complying with your school policies and local legal requirements.
simple business
following, candidates are required to apply their understanding to a variety of evaluation of
In all of the simple decisions based upon the analysis
and
situations. Candidates should be able to make
information provided.

1 Understanding business activity ((VIna howecnlimitCo)

eSsenhal fr
1.1 Business activity
activity: opportunity
Concepts of needs, wants, scarcity and
cost heocaSiiacn
1.1.1 The purpose and nature of business eCwothic
cluce me
s-c P
added value ger vic Importance of specialisation-t eehcier.pno
(pror margn) Purpose of business activity
how added
Problem The concept of adding value and maeyiC
value can be increased T Sp or

1.2
Classification of businesses
rawmCHeVlBasis of business classification, using examples to
1.2.1 Economic sectors in terms of primary, illustrate the classification
oducS wsecondary and tertiary sectors: Servce Reasons for the changing importance of business
classification,e.g. in developed and developing
economies
nUrOnecl bu
For Service sechors ober condOny
1.2.2 Classify business enterprises between private cproclucts)
sector and public sector in a mixed economy->born
qowAmermt bundol
(cervIe>
1.3 Enterprise, business growth and size haro wurkng, hsk t0Knoh, Cre atihe, ophhg
1.3.1.Enterprise and entrepreneurship: Characteristics of successful entrepreneurs o lc HtiE]
Contents of a business plan and how business
no t aking isE tor a plans assist entrepreneurs
OLIrg ailiy new ouslnessennw
Why and how governments support businessntAaec
hior)1 obyechuyodluct,maer start-ups, e.g. grants, training schemes,
Nocot on. nye,
financiali
SNarec)y 7eacu but nof ve inable
1.3.2 The methods and problems of measuring Methods of measuring business size, e.g. number
business s0ze: of people employed, value of output, capital, v alue U lcs
employed (profit is not a method of measuring
businesssize)
Limitations of methods of measuring business
S0ze
 Penne
hOche
liability pvo
Corhuty businessnmate
-coshflUw
Mera
groW, howTO
failing
business Gincrnce,
Shavclolo
ventures
public
in
businesses owners/management importance
the
ho
groups each
to CUlt of of sector, survival, groups
with
canEeDrer/
want and risk form m
and joint limited Sf stakeholder
/
may businesses overcome31t
growth small of lack the
greater
private
and
unincorporated
suitable
public Succe
amalce conflict
stakeholder
voit
-Profis
business e.g. in
problens
franchises
and and objectives,
e.g.
shareenterprises
20 businessremain changesa making ownership the objectives
externalmight
tor
syllabus whichinternal/external- failure, at
are
partnerships, a
justify
to in corporations
public
e.g.
market
different
a
of
business
to
businesses liquidity
skills,
business
businesses between
companies,
organisations
companies organisation
for business
business
maragCAS
and social and
objectives
examples
owners in linked 5aeeision risk,and situation
given
a themnep
of
0450 ways be ronenvironment, traders, and
management profitof of
internal
the might of Recommend
limited
Differences these
Objectives Objectives use
Studies DifferentProblemssome
theexpand
of
Causes
new Sun
limited
ConceptsbusinessBusiness Different
growth, other,
theseWhy Why Need Main How
Business Why e.g. peYSole
one
IGCSE
lausiness
" exparS
objectives
rmglavget
continued
Cambridge remain fail: the
and
eexpar in
sector
businesses involved private
of stakeholder
objectives
size others forms
and organisation change: groups of
established) objectives
enterprises
growthand different several
grow and can stakeholder
businesses organisation:
business objectives
havethem
business or
of
business
features business
activity:
thesector
(new can of in
importance of Differences
public
Enterprise, Businesses
Business
some some of main The
1.5.2
role
Types and
Whysmall: Why The
15.3
1.3.4 1.4.1 1.5 1.5.1
1.3.3 1.4
1.3
 andockcs
thoor
he r r Sen
odiea organisationorg
workforce:ln t0
bosimonccnecesne
u-
means
motivation

meovy
Maslow's
absenteeism
hy and
bonus,

for of
Mohvhon atc method(s)
opportunities
vavy
of

tall/short
e.g.
hierarchy,
managers,
and
planning,
control
leadership
laissez-faire
of
versus styles, appropriate effects
commanding

inpruecl
uortgho
nenete
needs,
Cunsken
eg. Taylor salary,
well-motivatederarr
appropriate
job training,
sharing
circumstances
levels
structures:
an
in

them
directors,
command
between e.g. trust leadership
larno and circumstances the
members
what reduced theories:
wage, e.g. of employees management, an
democratic
delegation; and
human methods, justify of responsibilities coordinating, iustify union
and
productivity, e.g, profit teamworking,
nnac control, inter-relationships
chain main is
work o rewards, andgiven hierarchical union
a -neemotivational and other and being
of of
labour
turnover Non-financial of theautocratic,
benefits concept
people Commissionpromotion,
Recommend
in
supervisors, of organising,
Importance
controlling of
MRecommend
given trade
hierarchy motivation Functions employees
unity
content
Subject

Why Thelabour The Key

Swppi
ySCienHieie
mone
neraS
Financial rotation,
of
Simple
SpanRoles and
mangacyCww
and
Oiadvaytevral
SUovdnaLa
e.g.
in
Features
style What
a
Salesouyino)
ru,
Cov (1ecs atin)
2025 workforce:
and
2024 simple camaiv
well-motivated
2023, non-hngncicll Organisation
and
management
Dpiu
-emocvricempoyeas
for
Pvomohon
understand
bt
syllabus role
ofmanagement:
Motivating
employees Methods
of
motivation:
People
in
business charts:
organisational
a and
0450 of 2.2.3
Leadership
styles:
importance interpret
Studies ece 2.24
Trade
unions:
ProiSiArng9
Business
The inacavonhnmisionDraw, 2.2.2
The
Cautlc
IGCSE 2.1 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.2 2.2.1
2 loonuc
dge
 svcto
enploye 13
emplouee
Npensa Cn9Th me
nong usr ww
Or
given employeestoss -’ legal uy
to based communication
and training, redundancy
training
the automation
fuhue
to contracts,
ti
safety,lot importance
how
of Valued,
to new bsl,
downsizingemployees or
communication; att,n
selectionin
recruitment employ and circumstances
oOreemene
tegat diço those
circumstances
SpeaKng,
and reduced
and wa
methods part-time business
0 induction
off-the-job e.g.Fr
different
including arise
Pinhoand employment
healthneligion,its 2
which employ?ment
to (IT) which be
and
who more dismissalwhichnecessary,
sColatd products and
of technology
barrierscan
internalrecruitment
selection of a of methods
discrimination, communication
limitationsjustify barrierstechnici,
ineffective
justify to justify
given
limitations
employees
full-time
and traininglimitations
and in
situations wa
given communication
recruitment
external training faL#
between be for over edyn
between Vror andinredundant
demand andin
- o ecommunication
information communication
and and Cient might minimum
wage
controls use
Recommend
Recommend
circumstances of examples
with Recommend and of
Recruitmentinstages
Difference employeesand Importance
and ol
on-the-job
employees Understand
ee Difference workforce Silç, dismissal, Benefits
to problemsremoved
Benefits ,ei Benefits employ reduced Effective
business method
How senoter: N
Business
IGCSE
employees
Sergpcann
Main
>spcciticaths
aSing
clo e e
hramerqind,

make
low.
ventiS

Legal
mplwuc,
an
ee

on
communication
ve

cekveA,
of
methods
the
and might andemployees:
and
important
Ceic
wnten
Cambridge
issues
communication
workforce
of relpca
training denhytng
Spoces
s
employees: employment is
and communication
it:
achieve of
awareness
and
-’descriphen training
the
by employers
selecting of externalto
selection size over used
the an
of
importance
The on
controls and effective
methods
Dermonstrate
and reducing
necessary:
be impact
Recruitment, Internal barriers:
Recruitment Why
training Legaltheir the
Why
is 2.4.2
2.3.4 2.4 2.4.1
2.3.1
Analy 2.3.2 2.3.3
2.3
 dto
changing
Ptcr,need
Speri
oain
n eme)t -prohtable Collechee
alr
business)o
maet
uct,placc buseut e i e
ture
CIOse chanaC&
Cusbomer,toste cl-cat page
relathons
(ServiCCs mar
neeas
tres conte
sete
may to
method vmare form
prod patternsneeds to
competition according
business
location,
gender focus Pp
bdconsee approaches market e to
marketsamp thesimple
cts Back
researcbpostal of online, for
produrignt spending
customer
more circumstances
to appropriate
e.g. segmentation of
interviews,
grp paying in
draw
relationshins
customer
DUlding
lovalty
customer
Maintaining become increased segmented,
t (uses
secondary
ofeach)e.g.
e.g. reportsof size9
d research, accuracy
shown
both elehe
age,
aocio-economic
grouping, sources, a s O diagrams;
needsneeds
customer
Satisfying changing businesses research, survey, data
of customer/consumer
have of an a
at a
research
data
limitations given limitations
Endcustomer and justify to secondary the research
of marketscanpatterns be of and
ra information online sampling government
andsuch
whot importancebusinesses phcome
ieesriyle
can benefitsin
and inrphehngino
segmentation
Market-orientated
research
primary market
influencing
market
from
charts
ldentifying markets Recommend and questionnaire, data
competitive and
some of for of commercial
change spending marketing
Benefits Potential research Methods needMethods
aly(benefits accessing
conclusions
graphs,
groups research Analyse
Factors
Why TheWhy How How
The
of of
eishAa
tagteo S
eerahon
n
populan
aenay ou
ot
fheustornersb
GobuSIness analusing, obkain,
gum pivwon,
hme(Ogys
n
same
ffom -tp
hon used:
in:tecnoloO4
inpre core va
customer &
asnion methods online, to showign
ehanoe
1ncorme mass opir,qyeac qicKeA
research noe
is
segmentation gancnng
the
-ne
ducs
wp
and and Afo, vangc coroldbta
and
neaper
tdisthnbutcmarketing Fenene research
marFet, market it
ng www.ca
competition e-Cerynert
e(auying
marketing: Cost
-low marketing
smaer,
e arotrarc liy of nOea
vansporton A
b market
SPeoauscd
scgmen use
niche oflmarket
research
3.1.2
Market
changes: re and ve
gobal
Gahon why ho3 t
Marketing
Marketing, of undertaken: Presentation
of
role Concepts and Market
role liale
notre
accesi results:
tter Cverse How The
The
be
3.1
3.1.1
-
3.1.3 3.1.4 3.2 3.2.1 easiu 3.2.2
3
14
 Cambridge IGCSE Business Studies 0450 syllabus for 2023, 2024 and 2025. Subject content

tate ucPnewytniue)
3.3 Marketing mix han pri te (skimng

3.3.1(Product:) SPrcaoa ice

The limitations and benefits of developing new
products
elonity given to Brand image, impact on sales and customer
eno du c&
aiARntathno lovalty -reconion name,togo)
The role of PruteCAS

eolestn producr
11au thinroduchon packagingOVdee into ru t
The product life cycle: main stages and extension-ece
3. maurity/saturato strategies; draw and interpret a product life cycle rcttrhj
LAAe CdvChi 4 decline diagram
Pooho How stages of the product life cycle can influence
marketing decisions, e.g. promotion and pricing
decisions to launch /prtcye Drice chan0es,
mnCwt producttD
maetlinw) DeAcdermard
at mattCnorgc
3.3.2 Price:
Pricing methods (benefits and limitations of
tndr tvheconsun!n different methods), e.g. cost plus, competitive,
Denetration, skimming, and promotional y s
7RYL hIaher man Competo clenn
Recommend and justify an appropriate pricing (3ensihuc)
method in given circumstances
Understand the significance of price elasticity:
difference between price elastic demand and
price inelastic demand; importance of the
aN nat VCehighen oka conceptin pricing decisions (knowledge of
b the formula and calculations of PED will not be
4CKAhighohen
assessed)

3.3.3 Place - distribution channels: Advant wnol CseEtUoctnse

channe
direct t
Cx9Crswe, fet chory S anay Rrom CUhonnh e
distribONkCn sese nol
HacSpofit, loSc Cont )O90nt hep Pormohe
3.3.4 Promotion: adueisong The ain
Differe
inhomatne PeCAn influer
The need for cost-effectiveness in spending the
marketing budget on promotion

3.3.5 Technology and the marketing mix: Define and explain the concept of e-commerce
The opportunities and threats of e-commerce to
business and consumers
Use of the internet and social media networks for
promotion
 necd'
for 2023, 2024 and 2025. Subject content
Cambridge IGCSE Business Studies 0450 syllabus
utltng pM
.Phcc- tOmpeh torg Sold'noe o
be
place whee xhtheol Caet awcuu
Promohoy ntck
3.4 Marketing strategy the
Importance of different elernents of
3.4.1 Justify marketing strategies appropriate to a, marketing mix in influencing consumer
decisions
given situation:el an tD Coml ne ne
circumstances
vIQnt conb naho D tne 4-elemmen'in given marketing
marlcohvo iY for pro [ vesto Recommend and justify an appropriate
acneive irs nnarcetngbbe Ch
strategy in given cirCumstances bje ct e, bu
ravket morctbante

3.4.2 The nature and impact of legal controls related Impact of legal controls on marketing strategy,
dangerous
to marketing eg. misleading promotion, faulty and
goodslamna ardl Hdgwo
(sales dargcrou cabe ds)
3.4.3 The opportunities and problems of entering Growth potential of new markets in other
countries
newforeign markets: (o DbaltSathon)
t locahon(manufachire wee cheope Problems of entering foreign markets,
+rogCh nnaricet,10 wetrade barrier s e.g. culturaldifferences and lack of knowledge
Benefits and limitations of methods to overcome
cuitura olheevch(some phN du cs ol ubed such problems, eg joint ventures, licensing
-Vansp ort coç
xchanot kaLes
-Coneict
4 Operations management
4.1 Production of goods and services
4.1.1 The meaning of production: Managing resources effectively to produce goods
pro°chon Phouting go odS FromAvae
nata'and services Checo
oE PehCi Cn y of inpts uGe im ueRcosrs
oro duchiviy mrasUre Difference between production and productivity
Benefits of increasing efficiency and how to
Cnoucninvento vr, sansfuy oltmanots increase it, eg. increasing productivity by
me) virtudtty emaina automation and technology, improved labour
31Liuçt in skills, mohivate employeeS, improeaLAy P
eCnniOe coln
Why businesses hold inventories uincssnCuut w&e b
erm mean neotinuOLs The concept of lean production: how to achieve
innpoemene emuration Ow2 e it, e.g. just-in-time inventory control and Kaizen;
rbenefits of lean production
UP Peccon PP0ce
tess in ones thech p
-Snale produ(t
4.1.2 The main methods of production: Features, benefits and limitations of job, batch- in bate nes
ole pends on and flow productionoi4 quarieg.
naruve oft eproduCF Recommend and justify an appropriate
Creer
S1Z Of tne m
nanure ok olemnCncl (stcady? Production method for a given situation

4.1.3 How technology has changed and is changing

production methods, eg. using computers in
design and manufacturing
)auromatior: pruguction process carried out bes necn ani Cal pvosessca
ConnoLLed oy conmpUre
2 mec arwt ons produeDi wy machiees, eperattet by pepte
t aucM, a teurate tno Cyorcl, yere nor sp0p

www.cambridgeinternational.org/igcse
 0450 syllabus
Cambridge IGCSE Business Studies

airent,etecici

bOnot varuinChor
4.2 Costs,scale of production and break-even analysis
iems Ser nega
vary as
wages) Classifying costs using examples, e.g fixed,
*.2.1 lentity and classify costs:ee vOke ade total shieol vai ante
variable, average, ocaton
data to help make simple cost-based
Use cost cortinwiy
decisions, e.g. to stop production or continueProei producr
enna selling PnCe hornake
cclerthcemet
with owityet
The concept of economies of scale financial,sen obr
4.2.2 Economies and diseconomies of scale:
examples,e.g. purchasing, marketing,
SFathrth at edve avo CoSS O& ecnr u
speiaistmanagerial, technicalmove cdvarce
with> lorg ca,c
Cue-cknnies Pa thor mat in (toue avg coct The concept of diseconomies of scale
communication, lack of wtnemptou
s butiness gws bey bnd a tertain site salec examples, e.g. poor coordination oe rotikee
emn Commitment from employees, weak
Pon
n varabe toÇHC Ppont wneve tott CoGr hotat revcLC
oprofiri ne osS.
4.2.3 Break-even analysis: The concept of break-even
Fixed coSts Construct, complete or amendasimple
conyilonon octs break-even chart

cOntvi: Sp- vanaale

Cosr unirs Interpret a given chart and use it to analyse aiecl st
marain o situation ibeponrilaution
) draw xed cosr horintat tine) vc Gatey
une taty Calculate break-even output from given data tot&l ales
) druw0 analYle cost Salec
hotal
breateen Define, calculate and interpret the margin of brea even
tve) safety
cosK ( Fc Use break-even analysis to help make simple
5 Ntal marau goool uUSelL.
oaccuporn(evoduion pnceSf elocan'charnge decisions, e.g. impact of higher price
Understand the limitations of break-even analysis
rcpuahon
CVailale ,90cots orsernce -SCLCS
4.3 Achieving quality production eytexpeChth g -naet Shae
hat
loyauy
What quality means and why it is important for hras
4.3.1 Why quality is important and how quality all businesses hecKIng at
production might be achieved: nspecho
n e a s h s SCraped. The concept of quality control and how
ispecrur in betscbh to nay etinminate
businesses implement quality control
errors aliaelner The concept of quality assurance and how this
atl aspe ctS cansiaereoly mat can be implemented chect for quCuhy Sndond
tersales seAVICE,
no Pvoducts CNe seY Ppeol. blt mohout prducie buy ernploees
depends n emp leoyes b(man)
4.4 Location decisions ProduLhon .ge).cse to makrpeishalae
prooluc
4.4.1 The main factors influencing the location and -Factors relevant to the location decision of
relocation decisions of a business: manufacturing businesses and service businesses
CkHernal Factors that a business could consider when
eton omves abour C
suppurt businoes deciding which country to locate operations in
-laug , govt flwen e, travnsputah on pouwe The role of legal controls on location decisionsOis
"Recommend and justify an appropriate location
Custumes, teCan lououn, oftha firnc ieunl, en for a business in given circumstances

-encaNane ih vevyeeplaccS
vent is lets ho)
Back to contents page
www.cambridgeinternational. org/igese 17
 5 Financial information and decisions
uying aoldihon
5.1 Business finance: needs and sources non cwnt aSeS,rOceo
5.1.1 The need for business finance: The main reasons why businesses/heed finance,
opayur assefs e.g. start-up capital, capital for expansion and
additional working capitalh pa cay tu
electvicA en
day co Se
Understandthe difference between short-term
and long-tern finance needs t yr o
xpart. ma ckuyley
5.1.2 The main sources of finance:
Internal sources and external sources with
examples
Short-term and long-term sources with
examples, e.g. overdraft for short:-term finance
and debt or equity for long-term finance
Importance of alternative sources of capital,
e.g. micro-finance, crowd-funding
The main factors considered in making the
financial choice, e.g. size and legal form of
business, amount required, length of time,
existing loans
Recommend and justify appropriate source(s) of
finance in given circumstances

5.2 Cash-flow forecasting and working capital

5.2.1 The importance of cash and of cash-flow Why cash is important to a business
forecasting What a cash-flow forecast is, how a simple one is
constructed and the importance of it
Amend or complete a simple cash-flow forecast
How to interpret a simple cash-flow forecast
How a short-term cash-flow problem might
be overcome, e.g. overdraft, delaying
supplier
payments, asking debtors to pay more quickly

5.22 Working capital: The concept and importance of

working capital
5.3 Income statements
5.3.1 What profit is and why it is important: How aprofit is made
Importance of profit to private sector businesses,
eg. reward for
finance risk-taking/ernterprise,
source of
Difference between profit and cash