MERU UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

P.O. Box 972-60200 – Meru-Kenya

Tel: +254(0) 799 529 958, +254(0) 799 529 959, + 254 (0) 712 524 293,
Website: info@must.ac.ke Email: info@must.ac.ke

University Examinations 2020/2021

FOURTH YEAR, SECOND SEMESTER EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING

NND 3422: LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT IN NURSING II

DATE: OCTOBER 2021 TIME: 3 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS:
Answer All questions
Ensure that all your answers are properly numbered
Part I: multiple Choice Questions (MCQ): Write the correct answer on the
space provided in the answer booklet. Each MCQ is one mark
Part II: Short Answer Questions – answer questions following each other on
the answer booklet
Part III: Long Answer Questions – Answer each question on the answer
booklet

PART 1 (MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (20 MARKS)

1. Management can be defined as

a) Skills necessary for doing work
b) Authority over other workers
c) Assigning of duties to responsible persons
d) Process of getting work done
2. When disciplining staff
a) It can be done later when convenient
b) Make it personal

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 c) Be consistent
d) Be apologetic
3. Deployment of staff involves
a) Demoting the employee
b) Disciplining the employee
c) Assigning jobs to employees
d) Giving jobs to employees
4. An advanced determination of ON and OFF duty hours of nurses in your ward is referred to
as a
a) Shift
b) Schedule
c) Deployment
d) Duty roster
5. The systematic activities and planned which provide adequate confidence that the services
provided are meeting the requirements is called
a) Quality assurance
b) Quality control
c) Inspection
d) Sampling
6. A process of evaluating an employee’s performance of a job in terms of its requirements is
a) Performance management
b) Performance analysis
c) Performance appraisal
d) Performance evaluation
7. When the actual performance of the employees are measured then it will be compared with
a) Standard
b) Other members
c) Previous performance
d) Group performance

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8. “If a worker has few absences, his supervisor might give him a high rating in all other areas
of work”. This is an example of which type of bias in performance appraisal
a) Halo effect
b) Central tendency
c) Personal biases
d) Stereo typing
9. The actual performance of an individual is measured in terms of its
a) Input and output
b) Efficiency and effectiveness
c) Returns to the organization
d) Business earned by the individual
10. The following is NOT a reason for increased health spending
a) People spend more on their health as their income increases
b) People are living longer
c) The average age of the population is rising
d) People are dying earlier
11. Total utility will be a maximum when
a) Marginal utility is negative
b) Marginal utility equals price
c) The ratio of the respective marginal utilities is equal to the ratio of prices
d) Marginal utility is positive
12. Budgetary control system acts as a friend, philosopher and guide to the
a) Management
b) Shareholders
c) Creditors
d) Employees
13. Integrating clinical practice guidelines with an electronic health record facilitates quality
improvement measurement by
a) Comparing guidelines parameters to clinical outcomes

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 b) Presenting results at the point of treatment decisions
c) Providing reference information to measurement staff
d) Representing patient acuity data
14. Functional method of patient care modality means
a) One nurse if responsible for giving bedside care, another one for administering
medications and another one for treatments
b) One constant patient care for a period of time
c) The nurse has the responsibility for giving nursing care to the client from admission until
discharge
d) A team leader has the responsibility for coordinating the total care of a group of patients
15. During controlling and evaluating phase, the following are quality management methods
utilized by institutions. Which one refers to a review process used by healthcare
organizations to assure that the hospital may provide care to clients?
a) Credentialing and licensing
b) Standards of care
c) Clinical pathways
d) Benchmarking
16. The type of conflict management technique is described as cooperating and that one side
gives into the side is
a) Avoiding
b) Accommodating
c) Competing
d) Compromising
17. Advantages of decentralized staffing system include
a) Greater control of activities
b) Conserves time
c) Compatible with computerization
d) Promotes better interpersonal relationship
18. A strategy that can most help you as a nurse to enhance your practice and client advocacy is

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 a) Reading a book on religions of the world
b) Examining and clarifying your own values
c) Talking with peers about their beliefs and values
d) Buying a nursing book on ethical decisions
19. In the daily practice of nursing, nurse use critical thinking in
a) Setting priorities for the day
b) Every decision that is made
c) Calling the pharmacy to obtain a medication
d) Checking supplies in the client’s room
20. The rules and regulations governing the practice of nursing in Kenya are made by
a) Nursing council of Kenya
b) An act of parliament
c) National Nurses Association of Kenya
d) National Union for Nurses

PART II: QUESTIONS WITH SHORT ANSWERS (40 MARKS)

1. Outline five (5) key principles of quality management (5 Marks)

2. Describe five challenges faced in financing health care in Kenya today (10 Marks)
3. State six levels of health care facilities (6 Marks)
4. State four ways in which nursing informatics can be applied in clinical nursing
(4 Marks)
5. State five factors that influence the management and administration of health care
systems (5 Marks)
6. Explain five advantages of internal recruitment process (10 Marks)

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PART III: QUESTIONS WITH LONG ANSWERS (40 MARKS)
1. Health care organizations are operating in an increasingly competitive environment. This
has led to more demands on nurse managers to achieve work targets within shorter
periods resulting in increased stress among nurse managers. Time management is one
method of stress prevention and reduction
a) Explain four common time wasters at work place (8 Marks)
b) Describe six time management strategies (12 Marks)
2. i) Explain structural factors that must be considered in health policy development
(5 Marks)
ii) Explain strategies that you would use to create ownership of a health policy

(8 Marks)

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