Professional Documents
Culture Documents
I. INTRODUKSYON:
Ang konsepto ng pangangalaga sa karapatang pantao ay may mahalagang bahagi sa Pilipinas at sa pandaigdigan.
Matibay na nakatanim ito sa kahulugan ng Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig, kung saan nagsisilbing batayan ang Universal
Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) sa pandaigdigang pagsusumikap na pigilan ang muling pag-atake ng malupit na gawain at
di-makataong pagtrato na naranasan ng milyon-milyong tao noong digmaan.
Ang Disyembre 10 ay ipinagdiriwang sa buong mundo bilang International Human Rights Day, bilang
paggunita sa mahalagang pagtanggap ng UDHR ng United Nations General Assembly.
V. Implementasyon at Pagsasakatuparan:
Bagamat hindi maipatutupad nang legal ang UDHR, may legal na bisa ang mga pandaigdigang
kasunduang nagsimula dito, tulad ng International Covenant on Social, Economic, and
Cultural Rights (ICSECR) at International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR).
Obligado ang mga bansa, kabilang ang Pilipinas, na isama ang mga prinsipyo ng UDHR sa
kanilang mga batas na pambansa, upang tiyakin ang proteksiyon at pagtataguyod ng
karapatang pantao.
Ang ating obligasyon na isama sa ating mga prinsipyo at batas ang implementasyon ng mga
batas internasyonal ay mahahanap sa Saligang-Batas at mga Patakaran ng Estado sa ating
constitution na naglalaman:
o Artikulo II. Seksyon 2: Tinatangi ng Pilipinas ang digmaan bilang isang instrumento ng pambansang patakaran,
tinatanggap ang mga pangkalahatang tinatanggap na prinsipyo ng batas internasyonal bilang bahagi ng batas
ng lupa, at sumusunod sa patakaran ng kapayapaan, pantay-pantay, katarungan, kalayaan, kooperasyon, at
pakikipagkaibigan sa lahat ng bansa.
VII. Pagwawakas:
I. INTRODUCTION: The concept of safeguarding human rights plays a significant role in both the
Philippines and the global context. Firmly rooted in the aftermath of World War II, it serves as a
foundation for international efforts to prevent the recurrence of brutal acts and inhumane
treatment witnessed by millions during the war.
The UDHR serves as the cornerstone of the global system for human rights protection.
Adopted on December 10, 1948, by the United Nations General Assembly, the UDHR
outlines the fundamental civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights of all individuals,
comprising 30 articles.
It embodies the essence of human rights and sets the standards for their universal
protection.
Genocide: Genocide is a term that denotes a complex and systematic infliction of suffering,
killing, or persecution against a particular group based on their race, religion, ethnicity, or
other forms of identity. The goal of genocide is an excessive cleansing or persecution of a
group to strip them of their identity or erase their existence. It is considered a severe and
unjust violation of human rights, primarily regarded as a crime under international law. This
term was first introduced by Raphael Lemkin in the 1940s as part of the focus on events like
the Holocaust during World War II.
Holocaust: In World War II, one of the most tragic and egregious violations of human rights
in history occurred – the genocide. The Holocaust, a systematic campaign by Nazi Germany,
resulted in the widespread killing of over 6 million Jews and other groups, including
Romani, Poles, Slavs, and more. This attempt to cleanse Nazi society of what they deemed
undesirable elements led to intense suffering and tragedy. Concurrently, Imperial Japan
also perpetrated genocide in the territories it occupied, such as the Nanking Massacre,
where hundreds of thousands of civilians were killed, and their rights were violated. This
attempt to cleanse and eradicate specific groups caused profound anguish and loss, leaving
a lasting scar on history and fueling global unrest to promote human rights protection.
The atrocities of the Holocaust emphasized the need for a global system to protect human
rights, leading to the establishment of the UDHR.
Genocidal actions prompted nations worldwide to unite in endorsing a universal charter,
aiming to prevent the repetition of such violence.
In the Philippines, Republic Act No. 9201 designates December 4-10 as National Human
Rights Consciousness Week, emphasizing the importance of human rights.
1. Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights: • Articles 17, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 encompass rights to
property, social security, work, rest, health, education, and cultural participation.
2. Safety and Security Rights: • Articles 3, 4, 5, 9, 13, 14 emphasize the right to life, freedom,
protection from slavery, torture, unjust detention, movement, and seeking asylum.
3. Political Rights: • Articles 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21 encompass the right to
recognition, presumption of innocence, fair trial, privacy, citizenship, freedom of thought,
expression, assembly, and participation in government.