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  • The Sense of Taste - MMO2023

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    dr Mohammed
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    The document summarizes the sense of taste (gustation). It discusses that taste buds, located in papillae on the tongue, are composed of basal cells and receptor cells that extend to the taste pore. It describes the three major types of papillae and their locations. It also outlines the physiology of taste, including how a chemical must be dissolved to contact gustatory hairs and elicit an action potential via neurotransmitters. Finally, it provides a diagram of the taste pathways from the tongue to the brainstem and cortex via cranial nerves.

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    The document summarizes the sense of taste (gustation). It discusses that taste buds, located in papillae on the tongue, are composed of basal cells and receptor cells that extend to the taste pore. It describes the three major types of papillae and their locations. It also outlines the physiology of taste, including how a chemical must be dissolved to contact gustatory hairs and elicit an action potential via neurotransmitters. Finally, it provides a diagram of the taste pathways from the tongue to the brainstem and cortex via cranial nerves.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    3 views39 pages

    The Sense of Taste - MMO2023

    Uploaded by

    dr Mohammed
    The document summarizes the sense of taste (gustation). It discusses that taste buds, located in papillae on the tongue, are composed of basal cells and receptor cells that extend to the taste pore. It describes the three major types of papillae and their locations. It also outlines the physiology of taste, including how a chemical must be dissolved to contact gustatory hairs and elicit an action potential via neurotransmitters. Finally, it provides a diagram of the taste pathways from the tongue to the brainstem and cortex via cranial nerves.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 39

    TASTE

    SENSATION
    (GUSTATION)
    Dr / Mohammed
    Alhouthi
    TASTE (GUSTATION)

    ❖The sense organ for taste


    is the taste buds
    ❖The taste bud is made up
    of:
    ➢Basal cells
    ➢Sustentacular type 1 cells
    ➢Sustentacular type 2 cells
    ➢Gustatory receptor cells
    Taste buds located in papillae of the human tongue. A) Taste buds on the anterior two-
    thirds of the tongue are innervated by the chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve; those
    on the posterior one-third of the tongue are innervated by the lingual branch of the
    glossopharyngeal nerve. B) The three major types of papillae (circumvallate, foliate, and
    fungiform) are located on specific parts of the tongue. C) Taste buds are composed of basal
    stem cells and three types of taste cells (dark, light, and intermediate). Taste cells extend
    from the base of the taste bud to the taste pore, where microvilli contact tastants dissolved
    in saliva and mucus.
    Taste Buds
     Most of the 10,000 or so taste
    buds are found on the tongue
     Taste buds are found in papillae
    of the tongue mucosa
     Papillae come in three types:
    filiform, fungiform, and
    circumvallate
    Physiology of Taste
     In order to be tasted, a
    chemical:
    ⚫ Must be dissolved in saliva
    ⚫ Must contact gustatory hairs
     Binding of the food chemical:
    ⚫ Depolarizes the taste cell
    membrane, releasing
    neurotransmitter
    ⚫ Initiates a generator potential that
    elicits an action potential
    Mechanism
    Taste pathway
     1st order neurons
    region part course

    tongue Anterior 2/3 Travel in the chorda tympani


    branch of the facial nerve

    Posterior 1/3 Travel through


    glossopharyngeal nerve to
    the brainstem

    Other parts Travel through the vagus


    nerve
    Foot of
    postcentral
    gyrus &
    insula

    Diagram of taste pathways. Signals from the taste buds travel via
    different nerves to gustatory areas of the nucleus of the solitary
    tract which relays information to the thalamus; the thalamus
    projects to the gustatory cortex.
    Influence of Other Sensations
    on Taste

    ❑ Taste is 80% smell


    ❑ Thermoreceptors,
    mechanoreceptors, nociceptors
    also influence tastes
    ❑ Temperature and texture
    enhance or detract from taste

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