Structure in English

Pretest
I. Word Formation
Consider the following words and answer the questions below.
A. For each word, determine whether it is simple or complex.
B. Circle all the bound morphemes. Underline all roots.
1. fly 6. triumphed
2. desks 7. delight
3. untie 8. justly
4. tree 9. payment
5. reuse 10. suit
Indicate the morphological phenomenon illustrated by the items in column 2.
Column 1 Column 2
1. automation → automate ___________________
2. humid → humidifier ___________________
3. prógress → progress ___________________
4. typographical error → typo ___________________
5. aerobics, marathon → aerobathon ___________________
6. random access memory → RAM ___________________
7. megabyte → meg ___________________
8. Europe, Asia → Eurasia ___________________
9. applications (for a computer) → apps ___________________
10. They have finished → They’ve finished ___________________
II. Grammatical Categories
Use the word in parentheses for form a new word appropriate for each blank and identify its
lexical category depending on how it is used in the sentence.

Rewarding Children

Giving children a sum of money is a common form of ____________ (motivate) used

mostly by parents with high ____________ (expect) to encourage children to work harder for
exams. Some children get ____________ (pay) as high as 100php for every perfect score in their
final exams. But should such rewards be based on exam ____________ (perform), or should
they, as many parents and teachers feel, be offered in ____________ (recognize) of a child’s
efforts, ____________ (regard) of the results? The later approach would solve the problem of
how parents reward their children with different levels of ____________ (able). Imagine, a
family with one child who is ____________ (academic) gifted and another who has learning
____________ (difficult). The dangers of result-related rewards for the second child are clear;
with little chance of obtaining higher grades, the withholding of promised ____________
(finance) rewards would only ____________ (strong) the child’s feeling of ____________ (fail).
However, some leading educational ____________ (psychology). They say that if parents feel
that money will motivate their child, then they should not be condemned for operating a
system of cash payouts.

(Adopted from https://www.english-grammar.at/online_exercises/word-formation/wf042-rewarding-children.htm)

III. Syntax
A. Underline the noun phrase in each of the sentence. (There could be more than one NP). If it is a
subject, write S; if direct object, write DO; if object of the preposition, write OP; or if indirect object
(IO).
1. I watched an amazing new film yesterday.
2. A young, dashing man, Jams, directs the new movie.
3. He wears a well-tailored suit.
4. Margot gave the little girl pizza.
5. Some of his friends gave adorable compliments to him.

B. Adjective Phrase. Underline the adjective phrase and draw an arrow towards the noun or noun
phrase it modifies. Identify if it is an attributive (AAP) or predicative (PAP) adjective phrase.
1. The embroidery meticulously stitched by the hand is worth the price.
2. The center is raising funds for children deformed with birth flaws.
3. The midterm test were unbelievably difficult.
4. The people upset with the president rallied at the streets.
5. Last night we ate a very spicy but delicious kimchi.

C. Types of Clauses. Read the sentences below. Encircle the main clause and underlain the subordinate
clause. Tell whether it is an adjective clause (ADJ), noun clause (N) or an adverb clause (ADVC).

1. This week’s article, which will arrive tomorrow, might have some good write-ups.
2. Whichever food you eat will be my choice, too.
3. Because she practiced the whole day, she was exhausted at night.
4. Movies that have highly challenging plots are my favorite.
5. I believe that people change in time.

C. Sentence Analysis. Analyze the following sentences through syntactic tree diagramming.

1. Nina believes that Kelly know that David is married even tough Kelly denies it.
2. The tough guy who next to you fell into the drain yesterday.