ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

(Common to All branches of Engineering)

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Vignan’s Lara Institute of Technology & Science
Vadlamudi, Guntur – 5222 13, Andhra Pradesh
 Department of Mechanical Engineering

ENGEERING GRAPHICS

I B.Tech I Sem (R23) A.Y. 2023-2024

UNIT-1

Polygons:

1. Construct a regular heptagon of side 40 mm -5M (Set-1, R19, January-2020)

2. Contract a regular hexagon and octagon of each side of length 40 mm by general

method-5M(Set-2, R19, January-2020)

3. Construct a regular pentagon of 40 mm side by any two methods-5M(Set-4, R19,

January-2020)
 Draw pentagon by setting angle(108) method
 Second is by inscribe in a circle
4. Construct a regular pentagon of side 60mm by general method-5M(Set-1, R20,
Desember-2021)

 Draw pentagon only

5. Construct a regular heptagon of side 50mm by general method.-5M (Set-1, R20,
August/Sep-2022)

6. Describe a regular octagon about a circle of diameter 60mm.-5M (Set-1, R20,

August/Sep-2022)

7. Construct a Hexagon of side 30 mm using Exterior angle method. [5M] .(Set-1, R20,
Feb-2023)
8. Construct a Pentagon of side 30 mm using Interior angle method. 5M.(Set-2, R20,
Feb-2023)

9. Construct an Octagon with a circle of diameter 60 mm using Circumscribed method.

5M.(Set-3, R20, Feb-2023)

10. Construct regular polygon having number of sides 5, 6, 7 using General method.
Take the side of the polygon is 30 mm.7M {Set-4, R20, Feb-2023)
Curves (Ellipse, parabola, hyperboles)

11. Draw a parabola using ‘eccentric method’ whose vertex is at a distance of 30mm
from the focus. Draw a pair of tangents from a point P, outside the curve, 20mm from
the vertex and 40 mm from the focus.8M(R20, SET-1, APRIL-22)

12. Construct a hyperbola, with the distance between the focus and the directrix as 50 mm
and eccentricity as 3/2. (6M)(R20, SET-1, APRIL-22)
13. Construct an ellipse of vertical major axis 90 mm and horizontal minor axis 60 mm
long.6M(Set-1, R19, January-2020)

14. The major axis of an ellipse is 130 mm and the minor axis is 80mm long. Find the
foci and draw the ellipse by arcs of circles method. Draw a tangent to the ellipse at a
point on it 25mm above the major axis.- 8M(Set-, R19, January – 2020)
15. Draw a parabola using ‘eccentric method’ whose vertex is at a distance of 30mm
from the focus. Draw a pair of tangents from a point P, outside the curve, 20mm from
the vertex and 40 mm from the focus.-8M(Set-1, R20, August/Sep-2022)

Draw horizontal line , locate point F , locate V 30 mm from

F.

16. Draw a hyperbola when the distance between its focus and directrix is 50mm and
eccentricity is 3/2.-7M( Set-1, R20, August/Sep-2022)
17. The Directrix of a hyperbola is 65mm from its focus. Draw the curve if the
eccentricity is 3/2. Draw a normal and a tangent at a point on the curve, 75 mm from
the Focus. 7M( Set-1, R20, August/Sep-2022)

FC – distance is 65 mm (CF-65) , Construction of

remaining procedure is same

18. Draw a rectangular hyperbola using the ‘orthogonal asymptotes’ method when the
position of a point P on the curve is at a distance of 30 mm and 45 mm from two
asymptotes and also draw a Tangent and normal at any point on the curve.-8M(Set-1,
R20, Feb-2023)
OF= 30mm, OC = 45 mm

Select points 1,2,3,4 on CP line

right side and 5,6,7 on left side of
CP line join these lines to O name
1’, 2’,3’,4’,6’ on FPE line .

Draw vertical line from 1 and

horizontal line from 1’ locate p1
similarly locate all points.

Join p1,p2,p3, ---- rectangular

hyperbola
19. Construct a parabola given the base 110 mm and height 80 mm by Tangent
method.6M(Set-2, R20, Feb-2023)

Draw the base AB and the axis EF

Produce ff to O so that EF = FO.

Join O with A and 8. Divide lines OA and OB into

the same number of equal
parts, say 8.

Mark the division-points as shown in the figure.

Draw lines joining 1 with 1 ', 2 with 2' etc. Draw a

curve starting from A and
tangent to lines 1-1 ', 2-2' etc. This curve is the
required parabola.

20. Inscribe the largest possible ellipse in a rectangle with 160 mm × 100 mm sides.-7M(
Set-3,R20,Feb-2023)
 Given AB & CD are 160, 100

21. Construct an ellipse when the distance of its focus from its directrix is equal to 55 mm
and eccentricity is 2/3. Also draw a tangent and a normal to the ellipse at a point 65
mm away from the directrix.-8M(Set-4, R20, Feb-2023)

CF is 55 mm

Cycloids

22. Construct an epicycloid having a rolling circle of diameter 50 mm and a directing

circle of radius 100 mm. also draw a tangent and normal at any point M on the curve.-
10M(Set-2, R19, January-2020)
23. A circle of 40 mm diameter rolls without slipping on a straight line. Trace the locus
of a point on the circumference of the circle for one complete revolution.-8M(Set-1,
R20, Desember-2021)

24. A circle of 50 mm diameter rolls on the circumference of another circle of 175 mm

diameter and outside it. Trace the locus of a point on the circumference of the rolling
circle for one complete revolution. Also draw a set of tangent and normal on a
suitable point on the curve.-14M{Set-4, R20,Feb-2023)
 25. Show by means of drawing that when the diameter of the directing circle is twice that
the generating circle, the hypocycloid is a straight line. Take the diameter of the
generating circle equal to 50 mm.-10m)

Involutes:
26. Draw an involute of a circle of diameter 40 mm. also draw the normal and tangent to
the curve at a point 80 mm from the centre of the circle.6M(Set-1, R19, January-
2020)
27. A line rolls over a Pentagon of 30 mm side without slipping. Draw the curve traced
out by a point on the line. Name the curve.6M(Set-1, R20, Feb-2023)

28. A coir is unwound from a drum of 40 mm diameter. Draw the locus of the free end of
the coir for unwinding through an angle of 360º. Draw also a normal and tangent at
any point on the curve.6M(Set-2, R20, Feb-2023)
 29. Draw an involute of a circle of 50 mm diameter. Also, draw a normal and a tangent at
a point 100 mm from the centre of the circle.-6M{Set-3, R20, Feb-2023)

SCALES

Metric measurements:S
10mm = 1cm
10cm = 1dm(decimeter)
10dm = 1m(metre)
10m = 1dam(decametre)
10dam = 1hm(hectometer)
10hm = 1km(kilimetre)

30. On a map, the distance between two points is 14 cm. The real distance between them
is 20 km. draw a diagonal scale of this map to read kilometres and hectometres, and to
measure up to 25km. Show a distance of 17.6 km on this scale?-8M {Set-2, R19,
January-2020}
31. An area of 144 Sq. cm on a map represents an area of 9 Sq. km on the field. Find the
R.F.of the scale for this map and draw a diagonal scale to show kilometres,
hectometres and decametres and to measure up to 5 kilometres. Indicate on the scale a
distance of 3 kilometres, 5 hectometres and 6 decametres.-8M {Set-3, R19, January-
2020}
32. Construct a scale of R.F= 1:2.5 to show decimetres and centimetres and by a vernier
to read millimetres to measure up to 4 decimetres. Mark on the scale lengths of 2.26
dm.8M{Set-4, R19, January-2020}
33. Construct a diagonal scale of Representative Fraction is 1/4000 to show meters and
long enough to measure up to 500 meters. Show on a distance of 374 meters and 153
meter-8M{Set-4, R19, January-2020}
34. Construct a veneer scale to read meters, decimetres and long enough to measure up to
6 meters when one meter is represented by 2.5 centimetres. Find the RF and show on
it, a distance of 4.33 meters.8M(Set-1, R19, January-2020)

35. The area of a field is 50,000 sq. m. The length and the breadth of the field, on the
map is 10 cm and 8 cm respectively. Construct a diagonal scale which can read up to
one metre. Mark the length of 235 metre on the scale. What is the R.F. of the scale?-
8M.(Set-1, R20, Feb-2023)
36. Construct a diagonal scale of 1:63360 to read miles, furlongs and chains and long
enough to measure up to 6 miles.8M(Set-2, R20, Feb-2023)

37. Construct a scale to measure km, 1/8 km and 1/40 of a km, in which 1 km is
represented by 4 cm. Mark on this scale a distance of 2.785 km.8M{Set-3, R20, Feb-
2023)
38. Construct a scale of 1 cm = 1 m to read metres and decimetres and long enough to
measure up to 14 metres. Show on this a distance equal to 12.4 m.8M {Set-4, R20
Feb-2023)
 39. Construct a Diagonal scale of RF = 3:200 showing meters, decimetres and
centimetres. The scale should measure up to 6 meters. Show a distance of 4.56 meters.
(8M)(R20, SET-1, APRIL-22)

Orthographic Projections: UNIT-1I

Projections of Points:
1. Draw the projections of the following points on a common reference line keeping the distance
between their projectors 25 mm apart.
a. Point A is 40 mm above the H.P. and 25 mm in front of the V.P.
b. Point B is 40 mm above the H.P. and in the V.P.
c. Point C is 25 mm in front of the V.P. and in the H.P.
d. Point D is 25 mm above the H.P. and 30 mm behind the V.P.
e. Point E is in the H.P. and 30 mm behind the V.P.
f. Point F is 40 mm below the H.P. and 30 mm behind the V.P.7M (R20-Julyugust-
2023)
2. Draw the projection of following points. Give 30mm space between each projectors
with proper dimensions. (i) A is 35 mm above HP and 45 mm in front of VP. (ii) B is
40 mm above HP and in VP. (iii) C is in HP and 45 mm in front of VP. (iv) D is in
both HP and VP. 7M{Set-4,R19,January-2020}

3. Two points F and G are on HP. The point F being 15 mm in front of VP, while G is
20 mm behind VP. The line joining their top views makes an angle of 450 with xy.
Find the horizontal distance between two points.-7M .{Set-2,R19,January-2020}
 4. Two points A and B are in the Horizontal Plane. The point A is 30mm in front of VP,
while B is behind the VP. The Distance between their projectors is 75 mm and the
line joining their top views makes an angle 450 with xy. Find the distance of the point
B from the VP. 8M{Set-1,R19,January-2020}

Projections of line inclined to one planes

5. A 50 mm long line PQ is parallel to both the H.P. and the V.P. It is 25 mm in front of
the V.P. and 60 mm above the H.P. Draw its projections and determine the
traces.7M(R20, July/August-23)
6. A 100 mm long line is parallel to and 40 mm above HP. Its two ends are 25 mm and
50 mm in front of the VP respectively. Draw its projections and find its inclination
with the VP. 7M{Set-2,R19,January-2020}

7. (i) Draw the projections of a line 70mm long when it is perpendicular to HP and
parallel to VP and 15 mm in front of VP. (ii) A line 70 mm long is perpendicular to
VP and parallel to HP and 20mm above it. Draw its projections.7M{Set-
3,R19,January-2020}
Projections of line inclined to both the Planes
8. A 70 mm long line PQ is inclined at 30º to the H.P. The end P is 15 mm in front of the
V.P. and 25 mm above the H.P. The front view of the line measures 45 mm. Draw the
projections of the line PQ and determine its true angle of inclination with the V.
P.8M(R20-Julyugust-2023)

9. The front and top views of 75 mm long line PQ measures 50 mm and 60 mm,
respectively. If the end P of the line is 35 mm above the H.P. and 15 in front of the
V.P., draw its projections and locate the traces. Determine the true inclinations of the
line PQ with the H.P. and the V.P.8M (R20-Julyugust-2023)

10. The line AB has its end A 10 mm in front of VP and 15 mm above the HP, end B 35
mm in front of VP and 40 mm above the HP. The distance between the end projectors
is 55 mm. Draw the projection of line and find out its true length, inclination with HP
and VP.9M{Set-2,R19, January-2020}

Projections of planes:

11. A circular plate of 60 mm diameter has a hexagonal hole of 20 mm side, centrally

punched. Draw the projections of the plate, resting on HP on a point, with its surface
inclined at 300 to HP. Any two parallel sides of the hexagonal hole are perpendicular
to VP. Draw the projections of the plate. [15M] R20-Set-1, Feb-23]
12. Draw the projections of a circle 50 mm diameter resting on V.P. on a point on the
circumference. The plane is inclined at 45º to V.P. and perpendicular to H.P. The
centre of the plane is 35 mm above H.P. [7M] R20, Set-1, Feb-23]

13. a) A square lamina with 40 mm sides has its surface parallel to and 30 mm in front of
the V.P. Draw the projections when one of its sides is inclined at 30º to the H.P. [7M]
R20, Set-1, Feb-23)

14. A regular pentagon of 30 mm side has one side on the ground. Its plane is inclined at
45º to the H.P. and perpendicular to the V.P. Draw its projections. [7M] R20, Set-2,
Feb-23)

15. A hexagonal lamina with 30 mm sides has one of the side’s perpendicular to V.P. The
surface of lamina is parallel to and 15 mm above H.P. draw its projections. [7M]
(R20, Set-2, Feb-23)
16. A hexagonal plate of 30 mm side and negligible thickness has one of its edges in the
V.P. The surface of the plate is perpendicular to the H.P. and inclined at 45º to the
V.P. Draw its projections. [7M]( R20, Set-3, Feb-23)

17. A circular plate of 50 mm diameter is held such that its plane is perpendicular to H.P.
and inclined at 30º to V.P. with its centre 30 mm above the H.P. and 20 mm in front
of V.P. Draw its projections. [7M] R20, Set-3, Feb-23)

18. A hexagonal plane of side 25mm resting on H.P with one of its edge parallel to V.P
and in the V.P. Draw its projections. (4M) R20, Set1, Feb-23)

19. A circular plate of negligible thickness and 50mm diameter is vertical and inclined at
45º to VP. Draw its projections when the centre of the circular lamina is 40mm above
HP and 60mm in front of VP. (10M) R20, Set1, Feb-23)
20. Draw the projections of a circle of 50 mm diameter, resting on H.P. on a point on the
circumference. Its plane is inclined at 30° to the H.P. and perpendicular to the V.P. Its
centre is 40 mm in front of the V.P. [7M] R22, Set1, Feb-23

21. A rectangle ABCD of size 50mm×30mm, has a corner on HP and 15mm away from
VP. All the sides of the rectangle are equally inclined to HP and parallel to VP. Draw
its projections. [7M] R20, Set1, Feb-23

22. A pentagon of 30 mm side has one of its corners on HP and its plane is inclined at 60 0
to VP and perpendicular to HP. Draw its projections. [7M] R20, Set1, Feb-23
 23. A triangular plane of side 30 mm is standing on one of its corner on the HP with its
surface makes an angle 450 to the HP. Draw the projections of the plane. [7M] R20,
Set1, Feb-23

24. A pentagonal plane of side 30 mm is in the V.P with one of its edge in the H.P. Draw
its projections. (4M) R20,Set-1, August/Sep-22

25. A hexagonal plane of side 25 mm resting on H.P with one of its edge parallel to V.P
and in the V.P. Draw its projections. (4M) R20,Set-1, August/Sep-22
Inclined to both the reference planes.
26. A hexagonal plane of side 30 mm has an edge on the H.P. Its surface is inclined at 45°
to the H.P. and the edge on which the plane rests is inclined at 30° to the V.P. Draw
its projections. (4M) (R20, July/ August-23)
27. A rectangular plane of edges 35 mm and 70 mm is resting on an edge in the H.P. The
surface is inclined to the H.P. such that the top view appears as a square. Draw its
projections when the edge resting on the HP, is inclined at 300 to the VP. (4M) R20,
July/ August-23)

28. Draw the projections of the rhombus having diagonals 120 mm and 50 mm long, the
smaller diagonal being parallel to both the principal planes, while the other is inclined
at 300 to HP. [15M]R20,Set-1, Feb-23
29. a) Draw the projections of a hexagonal lamina of 35mm side, having its surface
inclined at 450 to the VP and the side on which it rests on the VP makes an of 600 with
the HP. (10M) R20, Set1

30. Draw the projections of a regular hexagon of 30 mm side having one of its sides in the
H.P. and inclined at 60º to the V.P. and its surface making an angle of 45º with the
H.P. [14M] R20, Set-1, Feb-23

31. A semi-circular plate of 70 mm diameter has its straight edge on the V.P. and inclined
at 30º to the H.P., while the surface of the plate is inclined at 45º to the V.P. Draw the
projection of the plate. [14M] R20, Set-2, Feb-23
32. A regular hexagon of 25 mm side has a corner in the H.P. Its surface is inclined at 45º
to the H.P. and the top view of the diagonal through the corner which is in the H.P
makes an angle of 60º with the V.P. Draw its projections. [14M] R20, Set-3, Feb-23

33. Draw the projections of a rhombus having 100 mm and 40 mm long diagonals. The
bigger diagonal is inclined at 30º to H.P. with one of the end point in H.P. and the
smaller diagonal is parallel to both the planes. [14M] R20, Set4, Feb-23

34. A regular pentagonal lamina of side 30 mm is lying in such way that the one of its
corners touches both the reference planes. If the lamina makes 600 with the VP, draw
the projections of the lamina. [7M] R20, Set1, Feb-23
35. Draw the projections of a hexagonal lamina of 35mm side, having its surface inclined
at 450 to the VP and the side on which it rests on the VP makes an of 600 with the HP.
(10M) R20,Set-1, August/Sep-22

36. A composite plate of negligible thickness is made up of a rectangle 60mm × 40mm,

and a semi-circle on its longer side. Draw its projections when the longer side is
parallel to the HP and inclined at 450 to the VP, the surface of the plate making 300
angle with the HP. (14M) R22, Set1

37. A hexagonal lamina of 35mm side stands with one of its edges parallel to and 20mm
in front of VP. Such that the surface is 4s50 inclined to VP. if the edge parallel to VP
is inclined at 600 to HP. Draw the projections of the lamina. (14M) R22,Set2,APRIL-
22)