DYNAMICS, HYDRAULICS AND ECONOMICS

7. Position 1:
I. Dynamics Setting the datum at position 1
1. Since given acceleration are in m/s2, convert given GPE1 = 0
velocity to m/s first L EPE1 = (1/2)kx2
v0 = (72 kph)(1000 m/1 km)(1 hr/3600 s) EPE1 = (1/2)(3 lb/in)(8 - 4 in)2
EPE1 = 24 lb in(1 ft/12 in)
v0 = 20 m/s Position 2:
EPE1 = 2 lb ft
Formulas to use: L = √(82 + 62) = 10 in
s = v0t + (1/2)at2 v = v0 + at GPE2 = mgh = (20 lb)(-6 in) = -120 lb in = -10 lb ft
First minute: EPE2 = (1/2)kx2 = (1/2)(3 lb/in)(10 - 4)2 = 54 lb in
s1 = 20(60) + (1/2)(0.75)(602) = 2550 m EPE2 = (54 lb in)(1 ft/12 in) = 4.5 lb ft
v1 = 20 + 0.75(60) = 65 m/s KE = (1/2)mv2 = (1/2)(20/32)(v2)2 = 0.3125v22
Second minute: Law of conservation of energy:
s2 = 65(60) - (1/2)(1.0)(602) = 2100 m
ΔKE + ΔGPE + ΔEPE = +W + (-W)
Total distance after two minutes = 2550 + 2100 (0.3125v22 - 0) +(-10 - 0) + (4.5 - 2) = 0
Total distance after two minutes = 4650 m v2 = 4.90 ft/s
2. Hint: Use translation formulas with a = g = 9.81 m/s2
II. Hydraulics
3. a.) v0y
Problems 1, 3, 4 and 6 see additional notes
v0x 2. Hint: Remember that heavier liquid should sink
at the bottom

5. a.) Max acceleration to avoid spillage is the situation

where the final l.s. is on the tip of the tank

0.3 m
v0y = 180sin300 = 90 m/s v0x = 180cos300 = 155.88 m/s
final l.s.
Formula to use: θ
1.5 m

y = v0yt - (1/2)gt2 x = v0xt ymax = (v02sin2θ)/2g 1.5 m

1.2 m
set y = -150 to get time to hit the ground
-150 = 90t - (1/2)(9.81)t2 t1 = 19.89 s ; t2 = -1.54 s
x = 155.88(19.89) = 3100 m 3m
b.) ymax = (v0 sin θ)/2g = (180 sin 30)/(2(9.81))
2 2 2 2
tanθ = 0.3/1.5 θ = 11.310
ymax = 413 m -> max height of projectile only tanθ = a/g tan11.310 = a/9.81
max height from ground = 150 + 413 = 563 m a = 1.962 m/s2

4. Hint: Compute total distance traveled by car then b.) Since max acceleration to avoid spillage is 1.962
divide distance traveled by car by the wheel's m/s2, having an acceleration as 3 m/s2 means
circumference there will be spillage.
5. Total acceleration = √(an2 + at2) g = 32 ft/s2 tanθ = a/g = 3/9.81 θ = 170
at = 3 ft/s2 an = v2/r = 272/(800 ft) an = 0.91125 ft/s2 Assumption: final l.s. will not reach tank bottom
0.3 m

Total acceleration = √(0.911252 + 32) = 3.135 ft/s2

final l.s. 170
1.5 m

6.
H

ΣFv = 0 : Psin300 + 80(9.81) = N

1.2 m

N = 784.8 + 0.5P
ΣFH = ma : Pcos300 - f = ma
f 0.866P - µkN = 80(2.5)
N 0
0.866P - 0.25(784.8+0.5P) = 80(2.5)
P = 534.68 N
170
3m
tan17 = H/3 H = 0.917 m < 1.5 m, Assumption OK
Vair,before = (0.3 m)(3 m)(1.8 m) = 1.62 m3
Vair,after = (1/2)(0.917 m)(3 m)(1.8 m) = 2.48 m3
Vspilled = Vair,after - Vair,before = 2.48 - 1.62 = 0.86 m3
Note: You can also used Vwater,before and Vwater,after

7. Hint: Use Bernoulli's Energy Equation then equation

for power of turbine
 05/04/2020
Hydraulics: Problem 1 Hydraulics: Problem 3
4 0.225 3
W = γ Vol = 7.4(9810)( )(π )( ) = 432.959 N
π 3 2
γℎ 9.81 8 4
4
986.21 1 4
BF1 = γ f Vold = 1.2(9810)( )( )(π )(
0.225 3
) = 35.105 N
π 2 3 2
4 SG = 1.2
64 1 4 0.225 3
π 0.125 0.20 m BF2 = γ f Vold = 1.5(9810)( )( )(π )( ) = 43.881 N
4 8 2 3 2
4 BFT = 78.986 N
0: 986.21 0.125 ! 2 0 = 0]
0.25 m F y
SG = 1.5
! 61.6 78.986 − 432.959 + T = 0
T = 353.973 N
1 2
Hydraulics: Problem 4 Hydraulics: Problem 6
The maximum value of y so that water won’t a. EE from 1 to 2
be spilled is 2*0.4 = 0.8m !7 97 ! 9
+ + :7 + + : + ;<7=
γ 2$ γ 2$
Since y = 1.38m > 0.8m, water is spilled
9
'()*++,- '.*/,.12,/ '.*/,3,14/, 8.3 0.6 + 0.06 + 0.23
2 9.81
π 6
'.*/,.12,/ 0.4 1.38 0.347
2 9 12.06
>
π 6
'.*/,3,14/, 0.8 0.4 0.201
4 b. EE from 1 to 3
Check if water will be spilled: 6
'()*++,- 0.347 0.201 0.146 !7 97
+ + :7
!6 96
+ + :6 + ;<7=6
From continuity, Q2 = Q3, and since same Area,
ω # 13 0.4 γ 2$ γ 2$ velocity v should also be the same (v2 = v3)
1.38 !6 12.06 !6
2$ 2 ∗ 9.81 0.6 + + 0.06 8.0730 !6 63.36 !?
0.80 9.81 2 9.81 0.80 9.81
3 4
1
DYNAMICS, HYDRAULICS AND ECONOMICS
x=t y = BV
I. Engineering Economics Caltech: Mode 3:6 (Exponential)
0 FC
1. 1,000,000 F2 x=t y = BV n SV

x=t y = BV d5 = BV4 - BV5 = 4y - 5y

1 8 16 0 618,000
d5 = 43,162.50
8 30900
1,000,000

Future value at the end of 8th year: b.) k = 2/n = 2/8 = 0.25
BV5 = 618,000(1 - 0.25)5 = 146654.30
F1 = P(1+i)n = 1,000,000(1+0.05)8 = 1477455.44
BV4 = 618,000(1 - 0.25)4 = 195539.06
Remaining investment:
P2 = 1477455.44 - 1000000 = 477455.44 d5 = BV4 - BV5 = 195539.06 - 146654.30
d5 = 48,884.80
F2 = P2(1+i)n = 477455.44(1+0.05)8 = 705419
Do not use Mode 3:6 to Double Declining Balance
2 and 3. Use cash flow diagram to solve these problems. Method
Take note of the rules as specified on the notes.
8. Cost = Operating Cost + Manufacturing Cost
4. a.) POM = OM/i = 10,000/0.12 Let x = no. of guitars to sell to achieve breakeven
POM = 83,333.33 Cost = 20,000,000 + 16,000x
Revenue = 40,000x
b.) C = FC + OM + RC -n SV
i (1+i) - 1 Cost = Revenue

FC = 150,000 OM/i = 83,333.33 SV = 5,000 20,000,000 + 16,000x = 40,000x

If there is no given RC value, then RC = FC x = 833.33 ~ 834 electric guitars

RC = FC = 150,000 i = 0.12 n = 10
(150,000 - 5,000)
C = 150,000 + 83,333.33 +
(1+0.12)10 - 1
C = 302189.20

5. if = i + f + if i = 10% = 0.1 f = 6% = 0.06

if = 0.1 + 0.06 + 0.1(0.06)
if = 0.166 = 16.6%

6. d = (FC - SV)/n = (410,000 - 50,000)/20

d = 18,000
D10 = d(m) = 18,000(10) = 180,000
BV10 = FC - D10 = 410,000 - 180,000

BVm = 230,000
x=t y = BV
Caltech: Mode 3:2 (Linear)
0 FC
x=t y = BV n SV

x=t y = BV BV10 = BV at x = 10 = 10y

0 410,000 To get 10y, Press 10 Shift
1:5:5
20 50,000
BV10 = 230,000
7. a.) SV = 0.05(618,000) = 30,900
k = 1 - n√(SV/FC) = 1 - 8√(30,900/618,000)
k = 0.3123 Store to A
BV5 = 618,000(1 - A)5 = 95026.50
BV4 = 618,000(1 - A)4 = 138189.00
d5 = BV4 - BV5 = 138189 - 95026.50
d5 = 43,162.50